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Post-exercise rehydration in man: effects of volume consumed and drink sodium content
Abstract
The interaction between the volume and composition of fluids ingested was investigated in terms of rehydration effectiveness. Twelve male volunteers, dehydrated by 2.06 +/- 0.02% (mean +/- SE) of body mass by intermittent cycle exercise, consumed a different drink volume on four separate weeks; six subjects received drink L (23 mmol.l-1 Na+) in each trial and six were given drink H (61 mmol.l-1 Na+). Volumes consumed were equivalent to 50%, 100%, 150%, and 200% of body mass loss (trials A, B, C, and D, respectively). Blood and urine samples were obtained before exercise and for 7.5 h after exercise. Less urine was excreted following rehydration in trial A than in all other trials. Cumulative urine output (median ml) was less in trial B (493, range 181-731) than D (1361, range 1014-1984), which was not different from trial C (867, range 263-1191) in group L. In group H, the volume excreted in trial B (260, range 137-376) was less than trials C (602, range 350-994) and D (1001, range 714-1425), and the volume in trial C was less than in trial D. These results suggest that both sodium concentration and fluid volume consumed interact to affect the rehydration process. A drink volume greater than sweat loss during exercise must be ingested to restore fluid balance, but unless the sodium content of the beverage is sufficiently high this will merely result in an increased urinary output.
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A low-sodium drink consumed at a volume of 150% of exercise-induced body mass loss resulted in enhanced hydration relative to an identical concentration consumed at 100% body mass loss.
“Shirreffs et al. [80] and Mitchell et al. [81], who reported that a low-sodium drink consumed at a volume of 150% of exercise-induced body mass loss resulted in enhanced hydration relative to an identical concentration consumed at 100% body mass loss.”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutritional considerations for single-stage ultra-marathon training and racing (2019) · cites this paper as [80]
Greater fluid volumes up to 200% body mass loss may only lead to greater post-exercise hydration when consumed with higher concentrations of sodium (61 mmol·L−1; 1403 mg·L−1).
“Greater fluid volumes up to 200% body mass loss may only lead to greater post-exercise hydration when consumed with higher concentrations of sodium (61 mmol·L− 1; 1403 mg·L− 1) [80]”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutritional considerations for single-stage ultra-marathon training and racing (2019) · cites this paper as [80]
Even in a hypohydrated state, the obligatory excretion of metabolic waste products allows for continued fluid losses.
“However, even in a hypohydrated state, the obligatory excretion of metabolic waste products allows for continued fluid losses [80].”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutritional considerations for single-stage ultra-marathon training and racing (2019) · cites this paper as [80]
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Metadata
- Authors
- SHIRREFFS, S. M., TAYLOR, A. J., LEIPER, J. B., & MAUGHAN, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Aberdeen (GB)
- ORCID
- MAUGHAN, RONALD J.
- Venue
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
- Published
- 1996-10
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1260-1271
- ISSN
- 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2086622231
- Cited by
- 331
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 4.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- post-exercise rehydration, dehydration, sweat loss, urine output, fluid balance, electrolyte replacement
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Beverages, Chlorides, Dehydration, Fluid Therapy, Hormones, Humans, Male, Potassium, Sodium, Water-Electrolyte Balance, Exercise
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