Role of Long-Duration Energy Storage in Variable Renewable Electricity Systems
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From a techno-economic perspective, the production of hydrogen or its derivatives using renewable electricity, followed by storage and reconversion to electricity, currently appears most promising for enabling long-duration energy storage.
“From a techno-economic perspective, the production of hydrogen or its derivatives using renewable electricity, followed by storage and reconversion to electricity, currently appears most promising for enabling long-duration energy storage36,41–43.”
From Long-duration electricity storage needs for coping with Dunkelflaute events in Europe (2026) · cites this paper as [36]
In “Technological Options for Long-Duration Storage” (page unavailable), the paper describes making hydrogen from electricity, storing it, and converting it back to electricity; it also discusses methane made from hydrogen as an alternative. “System Sensitivities to Region, Technology Mix, and Cost” (page unavailable) calls the hydrogen pathway competitive at current costs, but does not establish that hydrogen or its derivatives are the most promising long-duration storage option. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredLong-duration storage is a central option for coping with VRE droughts because it can shift renewable surplus energy to periods of low wind and solar availability over long time scales, i.e., several days up to seasons.
“Particularly long-duration storage, sometimes also referred to as “ultra-long-duration storage”34, is a central option as it can shift renewable surplus energy to periods of low wind and solar availability over long time scales, i.e., several days up to seasons34–36.”
From Long-duration electricity storage needs for coping with Dunkelflaute events in Europe (2026) · cites this paper as [36]
The selection of weather years has a notable impact on least-cost long-duration storage use.
“Next, our analysis shows that the selection of weather years has a notable impact on least-cost long-duration storage use, which confirms previous research34,36,82,87.”
From Long-duration electricity storage needs for coping with Dunkelflaute events in Europe (2026) · cites this paper as [36]
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Net-zero emissions energy systems
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The Role of Firm Low-Carbon Electricity Resources in Deep Decarbonization of Power Generation
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Integration of Renewable Energy Sources in future power systems: The role of storage
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Hydrogen or batteries for grid storage? A net energy analysis
Pellow, M. A., Emmott, C. J. M., Barnhart, C. J., & Benson, S. M. (2015) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c4ee04041d · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
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Gas Evolution in Water Electrolysis
Kempler, P. A., Coridan, R. H., & Luo, L. (2024) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00211 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Long-duration electricity storage needs for coping with Dunkelflaute events in Europe
Kittel, M., Roth, A., & Schill, W.-P. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-72681-5 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Opportunities and constraints of hydrogen energy storage systems
Dowling, J. A., Ruggles, T. H., Virgüez, E. A., Reich, N. D., Ifkovits, Z. P., Davis, S. J., Li, A. X., Kennedy, K. M., Rinaldi, K. Z., Duan, L., et al. (2024) · Environmental Research: Energy · doi:10.1088/2753-3751/ad58e5 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Dowling, J. A., Rinaldi, K. Z., Ruggles, T. H., Davis, S. J., Yuan, M., Tong, F., Lewis, N. S., & Caldeira, K.
- Venue
- Joule
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-09
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1907-1928
- ISSN
- 2542-4351
- Cited by
- 607
- References
- 5
- Language
- en
- Licence
- Funders
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
- Carnegie Institution
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