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N2 Fixation by Plasma-Activated Processes
Open accessAbstract
Summary Sustainable nitrogen fixation could offset the significant environmental and societal costs associated with the energy-intensive conventional Haber-Bosch process (HB). This perspective compares the energy requirements, CO2 emissions, and commodity prices associated with alternative plasma-activated ammonia synthesis to those for HB. The threshold efficiency required for a plasma process to become competitive is established for various scenarios of H2 sources, energy sources from natural gas to CO2-free renewable energy, and carbon pricing policies. Economic positive externalities are evaluated for renewable energy-powered modular ammonia production, which is projected to become competitive upon achieving a 6-fold improvement in plasma process efficiency. The technological prospects for achieving the thresholds are discussed, including advancements in plasma-catalyst synergy, direct reactions of N2 with plasma-activated water, and plasma N2 oxidation. A comparison of theoretical energy minima reveals that the energy required for plasma-activated nitrogen fixation might be lower than that for HB.
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Net-zero emissions energy systems
Davis, S. J., Lewis, N. S., Shaner, M., Aggarwal, S., Arent, D., Azevedo, I. L., Benson, S. M., Bradley, T., Brouwer, J., Chiang, Y.-M., et al. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aas9793 · Cited by 2,391
Cited by
Jiang, M., Wang, H., Zhu, M., Luo, X., He, Y., Wang, M., Wu, C., Zhang, L., Li, X., Liao, X., et al. (2024) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/d3cs00857f · Cited by 299
Net-zero emissions chemical industry in a world of limited resources
Gabrielli, P., Rosa, L., Gazzani, M., Meys, R., Bardow, A., Mazzotti, M., & Sansavini, G. (2023) · One Earth · doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2023.05.006 · Cited by 298
Rouwenhorst, K. H. R., Jardali, F., Bogaerts, A., & Lefferts, L. (2021) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d0ee03763j · Cited by 259
Producing oxygen and fertilizer with the Martian atmosphere by using microwave plasma
Kelly, S., Verheyen, C., Cowley, A., & Bogaerts, A. (2022) · Chem · doi:10.1016/j.chempr.2022.07.015 · Cited by 51
Metadata
- Authors
- Winter, L. R., & Chen, J. G.
- Venue
- Joule
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-02
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 300-315
- ISSN
- 2542-4351 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3112574370
- Cited by
- 327
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 6.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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