Cited by 241Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationPain Management and Opioid UsePsychometric Methodologies and Testing

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A 2-Item Short Form of the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire: Development and Psychometric Evaluation of PSEQ-2

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Nicholas, Michael K., McGuire, Brian E., Asghari, Ali·2015·The Journal of Pain

DOI 10.1016/j.jpain.2014.11.002

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Abstract

Unlabelled The Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) is an established 10-item measure of pain self-efficacy that is widely used in clinical and research settings. However, a shorter measure would reduce patient and researcher burden and save valuable time in busy clinical settings. The aim of this study was to develop and confirm the psychometric properties of a valid and reliable 2-item short form of the PSEQ (PSEQ-2). We used a large sample of 1,418 chronic pain patients, which we randomly split into 2 smaller groups. We identified the 2 short-form items in Sample 1 and confirmed their properties in Sample 2. In order to identify the 2 items for the short-form measure, we selected the first item based on the highest item-total correlation. The second item was identified after a series of additional analyses. The 2 items identified from the PSEQ reflected confidence in one's ability to work and lead a normal life despite pain. The PSEQ-2's validity and internal consistency were found to be sound. Test-retest reliability, sensitivity to change, and convergent validity were confirmed in a separate patient sample (n = 140) that had recently completed an intervention designed, in part, to modify self-efficacy beliefs. The PSEQ-2 appears to be a robust measure of pain self-efficacy.Perspective Pain self-efficacy is a belief in one's ability to carry out activities even when in pain and is important in coping effectively with pain. A short measure of pain self-efficacy was developed and evaluated. It appears to be suitable for use in clinical and research settings.

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Method
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Self-citation
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Influential
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BackgroundInfluential
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“Such is the case of in Nicholas et al. (2015), Hinkin (1995) and Hays et al. (2017), which highlight the parsimony in the composition of their models. b) The two items of the factor “customer economic evaluation analytics capability” represent two fundamental facets of it.”
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“Self-efficacy beliefs in those with chronic pain may relate to confidence in performing specific tasks or to confidence in coping with pain [50].”
Background
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“” The total score is the sum of all item scores (5-35), with higher scores indicating greater perceived empathy.”
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“The Pain Self-efficacy Questionnaire-2 (PSEQ-2) (Nicholas et al., 2015) was used to evaluate self-efficacy regarding pain.”
Influential
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“PSEQ-2 has demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity in chronic pain patients (Nicholas et al. 2015).”
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Buttigieg, D., Efthimiou, N., & Sim, A. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-89843-0.00003-9 · Cited by 1
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“In individuals with chronic pain, confidence in the ability to perform specified activities correlated with the subsequent performance of those activities [39, 40].”
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Range of motion measurements do not correlate with patient reported outcome measures in the early post-operative period following ankle fracture
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The importance of psychological health in musculoskeletal specialty care
Crijns, T. J. (2024) · University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) · doi:10.33612/diss.1069237949
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“The 2-items on the shortened form of the Pain Self-Efficacy Scale Questionnaire (PSEQ-2) reflect confidence in one’s ability to work and lead a normal life despite pain 80 .”
Effect of biopsychosocial comprehensive chronic pain management physiotherapy practice protocol in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain-a randomised control trial
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Correlates of pain-related disability in older veterans with chronic low back pain
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Authors: Nicholas, M. K., McGuire, B. E., & Asghari, A.
Affiliations: The University of Sydney (AU)
Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway (IE)
Shahed University (IR)
Corresponding author: Nicholas, Michael K.
ORCID: Nicholas, Michael K.
McGuire, Brian E.
Venue: The Journal of Pain
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2015-02
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Pages: 153-163
ISSN: 1526-5900 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2014.11.002
OpenAlex: W1975558470
Cited by: 241
References: 71
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1
FWCI: 3.63
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 3144 d)
Locations: Journal of Pain (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Opioid Use
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: pain self-efficacy, Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, short-form questionnaire, chronic pain, psychometric properties, test-retest reliability, sensitivity to change, convergent validity, internal consistency, pain coping, self-efficacy measurement
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pain, Phobic Disorders, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sensitivity and Specificity, Reproducibility of Results, Self Efficacy, Catastrophization

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A 2-Item Short Form of the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire: Development and Psychometric Evaluation of PSEQ-2

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