CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 411Palliative Care and End-of-Life IssuesPalliative and Oncologic CareEthics and bioethics in healthcare

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Concepts and Definitions for “Actively Dying,” “End of Life,” “Terminally Ill,” “Terminal Care,” and “Transition of Care”: A Systematic Review

Open access
Hui, David, Nooruddin, Zohra, Didwaniya, Neha, Dev, Rony, De La Cruz, Maxine, Kim, Sun Hyun, Kwon, Jung Hye, Hutchins, Ronald, Liem, Christiana, Bruera, Eduardo·2014·Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
DOI 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.02.021PMC PMC3870193
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Context The terms "actively dying," "end of life," "terminally ill," "terminal care," and "transition of care" are commonly used but rarely and inconsistently defined.Objectives We conducted a systematic review to examine the concepts and definitions for these terms.Methods We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and CINAHL for published peer-reviewed articles from 1948 to 2012 that conceptualized, defined, or examined these terms. Two researchers independently reviewed each citation for inclusion and then extracted the concepts/definitions when available. We also searched 10 dictionaries, four palliative care textbooks, and 13 organization Web sites, including the U.S. Federal Code.Results One of 16, three of 134, three of 44, two of 93, and four of 17 articles defined or conceptualized actively dying, end of life, terminally ill, terminal care, and transition of care, respectively. Actively dying was defined as "hours or days of survival." We identified two key defining features for end of life, terminally ill, and terminal care: life-limiting disease with irreversible decline and expected survival in terms of months or less. Transition of care was discussed in relation to changes in 1) place of care (e.g., hospital to home), 2) level of professions providing the care (e.g., acute care to hospice), and 3) goals of care (e.g., curative to palliative). Definitions for these five terms were rarely found in dictionaries, textbooks, and organizational Web sites. However, when available, the definitions were generally consistent with the concepts discussed previously.Conclusion We identified unifying concepts for five commonly used terms in palliative care and developed a preliminary conceptual framework toward building standardized definitions.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.02.021

Cites

33 of 33 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 411

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Hui, D., Nooruddin, Z., Didwaniya, N., Dev, R., De La Cruz, M., Kim, S. H., Kwon, J. H., Hutchins, R., Liem, C., & Bruera, E.
Affiliations
  • The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (US)
  • Myongji Hospital (KR)
  • Hallym University (KR)
Corresponding author
Hui, David
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-01
Volume
47
Issue
1
Pages
77-89
ISSN
0885-3924 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.02.021
PMC
PMC3870193
OpenAlex
W2088378149
Cited by
411
References
33
Citations by year
2026: 42 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 4
FWCI
1.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Pain and Symptom Management (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (RO1NR010162-01A1, RO1CA122292-01, RO1CA124481-01)
  • institutional startup grant (#18075582)
  • M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Support Grant (CA 016672)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative and Oncologic Care
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ethics and bioethics in healthcare
Keywords
end of life, dying patients, end-of-life care, care transitions, definitions, conceptual framework, palliative care, life-limiting illness, goals of care, standardized terminology
MeSH terms
Humans, Models, Theoretical, Terminology as Topic, Palliative Care, Terminal Care, Terminally Ill

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review