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Cited by 36Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchChild Abuse and TraumaGrief, Bereavement, and Mental Health

Posttraumatic symptoms in elementary and junior high school children after the 2011 Japan earthquake and tsunami: symptom severity and recovery vary by age and sex

Iwadare, Yoshitaka, Usami, Masahide, Suzuki, Yuriko, Ushijima, Hirokage, Tanaka, Tetsuya, Watanabe, Kyota, Kodaira, Masaki, Saito, Kazuhiko·2014·The Journal of Pediatrics
DOI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.11.061
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Abstract

Objectives To measure psychiatric symptoms exhibited by children in Ishinomaki City, Japan, an area severely damaged by the 2011 earthquake and tsunami, at 8 and 20 months post-tsunami to investigate differences in symptom severity and recovery rate by age, sex, and degree of trauma experienced.Study design Prospective data were collected from children in elementary school (5th and 6th grades) and junior high school (8th and 9th grades). Students completed the Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms for Children-15 (PTSSC-15) survey. Trauma severity was scored according to experiences of bereavement, home damage, and evacuation. In total, 3795 PTSSC-15 surveys were analyzed, yielding total scores, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) factor subscores, and depression factor subscores, which were analyzed according to grade group, sex, and degree of trauma (trauma dose).Results In the elementary school children, mean total PTSSC-15 score, PTSD factor score, and depression factor score were significantly improved at 20 months post-tsunami compared with 8 months (P < .0001 for all), whereas there were no significant improvements in the junior high school children. In females of the older group, the depression factor score at 20 months post-tsunami was significantly higher than at 8 months (P < .01).Conclusions Elementary school and junior high school children living near the epicenter of the 2011 Japan earthquake and tsunami exhibited marked differences in PTSD and depressive symptoms. The mental health status of elementary school children improved, whereas that of junior high school children did not.

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Authors
Iwadare, Y., Usami, M., Suzuki, Y., Ushijima, H., Tanaka, T., Watanabe, K., Kodaira, M., & Saito, K.
Affiliations
  • National Center for Global Health and Medicine (JP)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (JP)
ORCID
Venue
The Journal of Pediatrics
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-04
Volume
164
Issue
4
Pages
917-921.e1
ISSN
0022-3476 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.11.061
OpenAlex
W2003960767
Cited by
36
References
21
Citations by year
2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4
FWCI
6.29
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • The Journal of Pediatrics (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
Keywords
post-traumatic stress disorder, posttraumatic stress symptoms, children, Great East Japan Earthquake, disaster mental health, depression, age differences, sex differences, injury severity, recovery, elementary school students, junior high school students, bereavement, housing damage, evacuation
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Child, Female, Humans, Japan, Male, Prospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Earthquakes, Tsunamis

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