Sleep Patterns and Mental Health Correlates in US Adolescents
Open accessAbstract
Objective To investigate systematically the associations of sleep patterns with a range of mental disorders and other outcomes among a nationally representative sample of US adolescents.Study design Using the National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of 10 123 US adolescents 13-18 years of age, we assessed associations between adolescent-reported sleep patterns (tertiles of weeknight bedtime, weeknight sleep duration, weekend bedtime delay, and weekend oversleep) and past-year mental disorders based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, smoking, injury, suicidality, and perceived mental and physical health, assessed via direct diagnostic interview.Results The average weeknight bedtime was at 22:37 and sleep duration was 7.72 hours. Average weekend bedtime delay was 1.81 hours and average weekend oversleep was 1.17 hours. Later weeknight bedtime, shorter weeknight sleep duration, greater weekend bedtime delay, and both short and long periods of weekend oversleep were associated with increased odds of mood, anxiety, substance use, and behavioral disorders, as well as suicidality, tobacco smoking, and poor perceived mental and physical health. ORs ranged from 1.27 to 2.15. The only outcomes not associated with any sleep patterns were past-year injury and eating disorder.Conclusions Suboptimal sleep patterns were associated with an array of mental disorders and other health-related outcomes among adolescents. Abnormal sleep patterns may serve as markers of prodromal or untreated mental disorders among adolescents, and may provide opportunities for prevention and intervention in mental disorders.
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Physical activity and sleep duration are two volitational, lifestyle-related behaviors that have been identified as being associated with the prevalence of anxiety and depression among adolescents.
“Physical activity and sleep duration are two volitational, lifestyle-related behaviors that have been identified as being associated with the prevalence of anxiety and depression among adolescents [9,10,11,12,13].”
From Academic Stress, Physical Activity, Sleep, and Mental Health among Chinese Adolescents (2021) · cites this paper as [12]
The Discussion (page not available in our copy) reports that short sleep duration was associated with mood and anxiety disorders in US adolescents. The paper does not report an association between physical activity and adolescent anxiety or depression, so it supports only the sleep-duration part of the sentence. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredData from the National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement showed that suboptimal sleep patterns were significantly associated with a variety of deleterious psychological outcomes, including anxiety, behavioral disorders, and poor perceived mental health.
“data analyzed from the National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement, a nationally represented cross-sectional survey of 10,123 adolescents in the U.S., showed that suboptimal sleep patterns were significantly associated with a variety of deleterious psychological outcomes, including anxiety, behavioral disorders, and poor perceived mental health [12].”
From Academic Stress, Physical Activity, Sleep, and Mental Health among Chinese Adolescents (2021) · cites this paper as [12]
Internet addiction is significantly positively correlated with sleep quality in Vietnamese adolescents.
“Zhang et al. [12] conducted a cross-sectional survey on Internet addiction and sleep quality in Vietnamese adolescents and found a significant positive correlation between Internet addiction and sleep quality.”
From Adolescents’ short-form video addiction and sleep quality: the mediating role of social anxiety (2024) · cites this paper as [12]
Internet addiction is a high-risk factor for poor sleep quality.
“Internet addiction is a high-risk factor for poor sleep quality [12].”
From Adolescents’ short-form video addiction and sleep quality: the mediating role of social anxiety (2024) · cites this paper as [12]
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References 53 · Cited by 296
- Authors
- Zhang, J., Paksarian, D., Lamers, F., Hickie, I. B., He, J., & Merikangas, K. R.
- Affiliations
- Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Merikangas, Kathleen Ries
- Venue
- The Journal of Pediatrics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-03
- Volume
- 182
- Pages
- 137-143
- ISSN
- 0022-3476 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2560345035
- Cited by
- 296
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 6
- FWCI
- 15.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Pediatrics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (ZIAMH002808)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA016558)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- adolescent sleep patterns, bedtime timing, sleep duration, mental illness, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, behavioral disorders, suicidality, smoking, injuries, health perception, mental health prevention
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Mental Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Sleep, Sleep Wake Disorders, United States, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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