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Cited by 76Impact of Technology on AdolescentsSleep and related disordersChild Development and Digital Technology

Adolescents’ short-form video addiction and sleep quality: the mediating role of social anxiety

Open access
Jiang, Li, Yoo, Yizoon·2024·BMC Psychology
DOI 10.1186/s40359-024-01865-9PMC PMC11214215
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Abstract

Background: Adolescence is a critical period for individual growth and development. Insufficient sleep adversely affects adolescents’ physical development, blood pressure, vision, and cognitive function. This study examined the effect of short-form video addiction on adolescents’ sleep quality, as well as the mediating role of social anxiety, to identify methods for improving adolescents’ sleep quality in the Internet era. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted in this cross-sectional study on 1629 adolescents recruited from three high schools. Their short-form video addiction, social anxiety, and sleep quality were evaluated using corresponding scales. Pearson correlation analysis was carried out to analyze the relationships among short‐form video addiction, sleep quality, and social anxiety. Mediating effect analysis was constructed using AMOS 20.0 statistical software. Results: Participants’ sleep quality score is 6.12 ± 3.29 points. The detection rate of sleep quality among them is 31.06%. Short‐form video addiction, sleep quality, and social anxiety are significantly correlated (r = 0.439, 0.404, 0.457, P < 0.001). The direct effect of short-form video addiction on sleep quality is 0.248, accounting for 62.4% of the total effect. The indirect effect exerted through social anxiety is 0.149, accounting for 37.6%. Conclusions: Sleep disorders are very common among Chinese adolescents. Short‐form video addiction is positively correlated with adolescents’ sleep quality and social anxiety. Social anxiety partially mediates the relationship between short-form video addiction and sleep quality. The adverse effects of short-form video addiction and social anxiety on the sleep quality of this group must be minimized. Schools are recommended to implement measures to promote sleep quality among adolescents.

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

A cross-sectional survey of 1,629 Chinese high school students found that short-form video addiction was positively associated with poorer sleep quality, and social anxiety partially mediated this relationship. Social anxiety accounted for 37.6% of the total effect of short-form video addiction on sleep quality.

Key findings

  • Participants’ sleep quality score was 6.12 ± 3.29, and the detection rate of sleep disorder was 31.06%.
  • Short-form video addiction, social anxiety, and sleep quality were significantly positively correlated: addiction–social anxiety r = 0.439, addiction–sleep quality r = 0.404, and sleep quality–social anxiety r = 0.457, all P < 0.001.
  • Mediation analysis showed a direct effect of short-form video addiction on sleep quality of 0.248 (95% CI 0.199–0.296), accounting for 62.4% of the total effect (0.397); the indirect effect through social anxiety was 0.149 (95% CI 0.120–0.183), accounting for 37.6%.
  • Sleep quality differed significantly by gender, academic performance, family economic condition, and exercise frequency (P < 0.05), but not by grade, only-child status, or family residence (P > 0.05).

Methods

  • Cross-sectional questionnaire survey conducted June–July 2023 using stratified cluster sampling among first- and second-year high school adolescents in Shandong Province, China; 1,655 questionnaires were distributed and 1,629 valid copies remained (98.4% effective recovery rate). Mean age was 16.54 ± 0.98 years; 831 male (51.0%) and 798 female (49.0%) students.
  • Measures included a short-form video addiction scale (6 items, 5-point scale; internal consistency 0.732), the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS; 19 items; Cronbach’s α = 0.874), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI; 18 items; total score 0–21, >7 indicating sleep disorder; Cronbach’s α = 0.77).
  • Analyses used SPSS 20.0 for t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlations, and AMOS 20.0/21.0 for structural equation modeling with maximum likelihood estimation and bootstrap testing of mediating effects.

Limitations

  • The paper states that all data were self-reported, which may lead to memory bias and social desirability bias; the sample was limited to students from three high schools in Shandong Province, China, which may introduce selection bias; and the cross-sectional design lacked follow-up investigation.
  • Evident from the text: because the study is cross-sectional, causal direction and temporal ordering among short-form video addiction, social anxiety, and sleep quality cannot be established.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1186/s40359-024-01865-9

Cites

26 of 26 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

0 of 43 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingown data

    Short-form video addiction is significantly positively correlated with sleep quality (r = 0.404, P < 0.05).

    “short‐form video addiction is significantly positively correlated with sleep quality (r = 0.404, P < 0.05)”
    • Also stated in: § Results · plain
      “Short‐form video addiction, sleep quality, and social anxiety are significantly correlated (r = 0.439, 0.404, 0.457, P < 0.001).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    The total effect of short-form video addiction on sleep quality is 0.397.

    “total effect value (0.397)”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Short-form video addiction is significantly positively correlated with social anxiety (r = 0.439, P < 0.05).

    “short‐form video addiction is significantly positively correlated with social anxiety (r = 0.439, P < 0.05)”
    • Also stated in: § Results · plain
      “Short‐form video addiction, sleep quality, and social anxiety are significantly correlated (r = 0.439, 0.404, 0.457, P < 0.001).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    The detection rate of sleep quality (indicating sleep disorder) among participants is 31.06%.

    “The detection rate of sleep quality among them is 31.06%.”
    • Also stated in: § Analysis of status and differences in short-form video addiction, social anxiety, and sleep quality · plain
      “sleep quality score of 6.12 ± 3.29 (detection rate = 31.06%)”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Participants' sleep quality score is 6.12 ± 3.29 points.

    “Participants’ sleep quality score is 6.12 ± 3.29 points.”
    • Also stated in: § Analysis of status and differences in short-form video addiction, social anxiety, and sleep quality · plain
      “Adolescents have a short-form video addiction score of 13.79 ± 4.36, social anxiety score of 42.76 ± 14.23, and sleep quality score of 6.12 ± 3.29 (detection rate = 31.06%).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • May combine two claims. 11
  • The quote only partly states this claim. 1
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 20

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The indirect effect of short-form video addiction on sleep quality through social anxiety is 0.149, accounting for 37.6% of the total effect.

    “The indirect effect exerted through social anxiety is 0.149, accounting for 37.6%.”
    • Also stated in: § Analysis of mediating effect · plain
      “The indirect effect exerted through social anxiety is 0.149 (95% CI: 0.120–0.183), accounting for 37.6%.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The direct effect of short-form video addiction on sleep quality is 0.248, accounting for 62.4% of the total effect.

    “The direct effect of short-form video addiction on sleep quality is 0.248, accounting for 62.4% of the total effect.”
    • Also stated in: § Analysis of mediating effect · plain
      “The direct effect of short‐form video addiction on sleep quality is 0.248 (95% CI: 0.199–0.296), accounting for 62.4% of the total effect value (0.397).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingreasoning

    Girls have poorer sleep quality than boys.

    “Further analysis indicates that girls have poorer sleep quality than boys.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductcitation

    The Cronbach's α coefficient of the SIAS when used with Chinese adolescents is 0.874.

    “When SIAS is used with Chinese adolescents, the Cronbach’s α coefficient is 0.874 [23].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [23] Ye DM, Qian MY, Liu XH, Chen X. Revision of Social Interaction anxiety scale and Social Phobia Scale. Chin J Clin Psychol. 2007;15(2):115–7.

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationown data

    Sleep disorders are very common among Chinese adolescents.

    “Sleep disorders are very common among Chinese adolescents.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The sample of adolescents from Shandong Province is representative of Chinese adolescents generally.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductreasoning

    The study took measures to reduce response bias or social desirability effects in the self-report measures.

    “The following measures were taken to reduce response bias or social desirability effects in the self-report measures:”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductcitation

    The Cronbach's α coefficient of the PSQI when applied to the Chinese population is 0.77.

    “The Cronbach’s α coefficient of PSQI is 0.77 when applied to the Chinese population.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [25] Liu XC, Tan MQ, Hu L, Wang AZ, Wu HX, Zhao GF, et al. Eliability and validity of Pittsburgh sleep quality index. Chin J Psychiatry. 1996;29:103–7.

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductcitation

    The sample size should be at least 860, considering the 43 items, according to Kline's rule that sample size must be more than 20 times the number of items.

    “According to Kline [20], the sample size must be more than 20 times the number of items. Therefore, the sample size should be at least 860, considering the 43 items.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [20] Kline RB. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford; 1998.

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Adolescents have more prominent sleep problems than college students and children, with a higher incidence of sleep disorder and a trend of increasing deterioration.

    “Compared with college students and children, adolescents have more prominent sleep problems, with a higher incidence of sleep disorder and a trend of increasing deterioration [3].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [3] Zhu X, Haegele JA, Liu H, Yu F. Academic stress, physical activity, sleep, and mental health among Chinese adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(14):7257. source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Alleviating adolescents' social anxiety can help alleviate their short-form video addiction and improve their sleep quality.

    “Therefore, alleviating adolescents’ social anxiety can help alleviate their short‐form video addiction and improve their sleep quality.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Social anxiety causally mediates the relationship between short-form video addiction and sleep quality.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    Short-form video addiction increases social anxiety among adolescents and leads to more negative emotions and less positive emotions, thereby undermining their sleep quality.

    “In addition, short‐form video addiction increases social anxiety among adolescents and leads to more negative emotions and less positive emotions, thereby undermining their sleep quality.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Short-form video addiction causally increases social anxiety among adolescents.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Internet addiction leads to social anxiety in adolescents.

    “Li et al. [18] suggested that as Internet addiction increases, adolescents spend more time and energy on the Internet and less on activities such as interpersonal communication. This imbalance results in decreased self-efficacy and increased loneliness, ultimately leading to social anxiety.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [18] Li ZB, Wang TT, Liang Y, Wang MH. The Relationship between Mobile phone addiction and subjective well-being in College students: the mediating effect of social anxiety. Stud Psychol Behav. 2017;15(4):562–8.

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductreasoning

    All the data were collected from subjective reports by the participants, which may lead to errors such as memory bias and social desirability bias.

    “First, all the data were collected from subjective reports by the participants, which may probably lead to errors, such as memory bias and social desirability bias).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Sleep problems lead to a series of adverse outcomes, including decreased immune function, obesity, traffic accidents, substance abuse, depression, and suicidal tendency.

    “Sleep problems lead to a series of adverse outcomes, including decreased immune function, obesity, traffic accidents, substance abuse, depression, and suicidal tendency [1–3].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [1] Besedovsky L, Lange T, Haack M. The sleep-immune crosstalk in health and disease. Physiol Rev. 2019;99(3):1325–80. source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [2] Sampasa-Kanyinga H, Colman I, Goldfield GS, Janssen I, Wang J, Podinic I, Chaput JP. Combinations of physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep duration and their associations with depressive symptoms and other mental health problems in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Activity. 2020;17(1):1–16. source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [3] Zhu X, Haegele JA, Liu H, Yu F. Academic stress, physical activity, sleep, and mental health among Chinese adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(14):7257. source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Physiological and behavioral factors such as fatigue and excessive use of the Internet and smartphones can also affect adolescents' sleep quality.

    “Physiological and behavioral factors such as fatigue and excessive use of the Internet and smartphones can also affect adolescents’ sleep quality [5].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [5] Karki K, Singh DR, Maharjan D, KC S, Shrestha S, Thapa DK. Internet addiction and sleep quality among adolescents in a peri-urban setting in Nepal: a cross-sectional school-based survey. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(2):e0246940. source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    Short-form video addiction not only directly predicts sleep quality but also indirectly affects sleep quality through social anxiety.

    “In other words, short‐form video addiction not only directly predicts sleep quality but also indirectly affects sleep quality through social anxiety.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Short-form video addiction causally affects sleep quality.
    • Rests on an assumption: Social anxiety causally mediates the relationship between short-form video addiction and sleep quality.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Psychological factors such as resilience, loneliness, depression, and stress can decrease individuals' sleep quality.

    “Psychological factors such as resilience, loneliness, depression, and stress can decrease individuals’ sleep quality [4].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [4] Yang YT, Cui Y, Cui W, Pan JJ, Qian H, Cui LJ. Effects of Internet use and internet addiction on sleep quality in college students. J Psychiatry. 2019;32(3):174–8.

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Adolescence is a critical period for the development of social anxiety.

    “Adolescence is a critical period for the development of social anxiety [19].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [19] Lu SZ, Li HR, Lv WK. Research on the localization of rational emotional therapy under the system of Psychosocial Theory. Youth Child Res Pract. 2020;35(4):25–32.

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  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    This cross-sectional study lacked follow-up investigation.

    “Besides, this cross-sectional study lacked follow-up investigation.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Strengthening physical exercise is beneficial for reducing the occurrence of anxiety symptoms.

    “Strengthening physical exercise is beneficial for reducing the occurrence of anxiety symptoms, and adolescents who exercise more frequently are more likely to have longer sleep hours compared with their peers who exercise less frequently [3, 32].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [3] Zhu X, Haegele JA, Liu H, Yu F. Academic stress, physical activity, sleep, and mental health among Chinese adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(14):7257. source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [32] Liu Y, Zhang WB, Cai J. Relation of anxiety and depression to lifestyle in junior high school students. Chin Mental Health J. 2017;31(3):235–40.

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Internet addiction is significantly positively correlated with sleep quality in Vietnamese adolescents.

    “Zhang et al. [12] conducted a cross-sectional survey on Internet addiction and sleep quality in Vietnamese adolescents and found a significant positive correlation between Internet addiction and sleep quality.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [12] Zhang J, Paksarian D, Lamers F, Hickie IB, He J, Merikangas KR. Sleep patterns and mental health correlates among US adolescents. J Pediatr. 2017;182:137–43. source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationown data

    Sleep quality remains a prominent problem among adolescents that requires attention from the education department.

    “Sleep quality remains a prominent problem among adolescents that require attention from the education department.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The sample of students from three high schools in Shandong Province is representative of adolescents in general.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Hostility is significantly correlated with poor sleep quality and ultimately decreases overall sleep quality.

    “Hostility is significantly correlated with poor sleep quality and ultimately decreases overall sleep quality [33, 46].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [33] Brand S, Gerber M, Beck J, Hatzinger M, Pühse UWE, Holsboer-Trachsler E. Exercising, sleep-EEG patterns, and psychological functioning are related among adolescents. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2010;11(2):129–40. source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [46] Xiong M, Chen J, Ye Y. How relative deprivation affects the sleep quality of Chinese college students: testing an integrated model of social anxiety and trait mindfulness. Front Psychol. 2023;14:1111845. source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    Individuals with social anxiety are prone to negative evaluations of their environment and other people, and those with poorer social support systems tend to have more severe social avoidance tendencies, are less able to integrate into the group, or are more likely to be excluded by the group, thus they may seek social connections and a sense of belonging by watching short videos, ultimately ведущ

    “As suggested by social cognitive theory, individuals with social anxiety are prone to negative evaluations of their environment and other people. Those with poorer social support systems tend to have more severe social avoidance tendencies, are less able to integrate into the group, or are more likely to be excluded by the group [43, 44]. Thus, they may seek social connections and a sense of bel”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [43] Al-Kandari YY, Al-Sejari MM. Social isolation, social support and their relationship with smartphone addiction. Inform Communication Soc. 2021;24(13):1925–43. source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [44] Ren YJ, Li ML. Influence of physical exercise on social anxiety of left-behind children in rural areas in China: the mediator and moderator role of perceived social support. J Affect Disord. 2020;266:223–9. source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    People with anxiety are likely to have poorer sleep quality and more prominent problems during daytime such as drowsiness, fatigue, and lack of concentration.

    “People with anxiety are likely to have poorer sleep quality and more prominent problems during daytime such as drowsiness, fatigue, and lack of concentration [46].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [46] Xiong M, Chen J, Ye Y. How relative deprivation affects the sleep quality of Chinese college students: testing an integrated model of social anxiety and trait mindfulness. Front Psychol. 2023;14:1111845. source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Internet addiction leads to an increase in social anxiety among adolescents.

    “This outcome is consistent with the research finding that Internet addiction leads to an increase in social anxiety among adolescents [14, 39, 40].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [14] Weinstein A, Dorani D, Elhadif R, Bukovza Y, Yarmulnik A, Dannon P. Internet addiction is associated with social anxiety in young adults. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2015;27(1):4–9.

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [39] Du XX, Li JX, Dong SS, Dong YX, Feng CY, Li YH. Investigation and analysis of internal and external influencing factors of short video addiction among undergraduate nursing students. Health Vocat Educ. 2021;39(7):116–9.

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [40] Jiang YW, Xu SM, Li XX, Yi YY. The impact of short video addiction on social anxiety among college students: the mediating role of coping tendencies. Psychol Monthly. 2023;18(1):61–4.

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Adolescents who exercise more frequently are more likely to have longer sleep hours compared with their peers who exercise less frequently.

    “Strengthening physical exercise is beneficial for reducing the occurrence of anxiety symptoms, and adolescents who exercise more frequently are more likely to have longer sleep hours compared with their peers who exercise less frequently [3, 32].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [3] Zhu X, Haegele JA, Liu H, Yu F. Academic stress, physical activity, sleep, and mental health among Chinese adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(14):7257. source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [32] Liu Y, Zhang WB, Cai J. Relation of anxiety and depression to lifestyle in junior high school students. Chin Mental Health J. 2017;31(3):235–40.

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Social anxiety is considered one of the predominant risk factors causing mobile phone addiction.

    “At present, social anxiety is considered one of the predominant risk factors causing mobile phone addiction [42, 43]”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [42] Pera A. The psychology of addictive smartphone behavior in young adults: problematic use, social anxiety, and depressive stress. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:573473. source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [43] Al-Kandari YY, Al-Sejari MM. Social isolation, social support and their relationship with smartphone addiction. Inform Communication Soc. 2021;24(13):1925–43. source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    In the past decade, short-term intervention studies find a significant correlation between objectively measured sleep hours and physical exercise.

    “In the past decade, short-term intervention studies find a significant correlation between objectively measured sleep hours and physical exercise [3, 33, 34].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [3] Zhu X, Haegele JA, Liu H, Yu F. Academic stress, physical activity, sleep, and mental health among Chinese adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(14):7257. source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [33] Brand S, Gerber M, Beck J, Hatzinger M, Pühse UWE, Holsboer-Trachsler E. Exercising, sleep-EEG patterns, and psychological functioning are related among adolescents. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2010;11(2):129–40. source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [34] Santiago LDCS, Lyra MJ, Cunha Filho M, Cruz PWDS, Santos MAMD, Falcão A, P.S.T. Efeito De uma sessão de treinamento de força sobre a qualidade do sono de adolescentes. Revista Brasileira De Med do Esporte. 2015;21:148–52. source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Short-form video addiction indirectly reduces real-life interactions and contributes to interpersonal relationship barriers.

    “Research indicates that short‐form video addiction indirectly reduces real-life interactions and contributes to interpersonal relationship barriers [41].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [41] Jiang YZ. A review of psychological formation mechanisms of the problematic Mobile Social Media Use in adolescents. Educ Res Monthly. 2018;35(12):45–56.

      Not checked in the free run.

30 of 30

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Currently, studies on the relationship between short-form video addiction and social anxiety in this group are few.

    “Currently, studies on the relationship between short-form video addiction and social anxiety in this group are few.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The causal ordering of short-form video addiction, social anxiety, and sleep quality is as specified in the mediation model (short-form video addiction → social anxiety → sleep quality).

    “The model had short‐form video addiction as the independent variable, social anxiety as the mediating variable, and sleep quality as the dependent variable.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The sample of adolescents from Shandong Province is representative of Chinese adolescents generally.

    “Using the stratified cluster sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted between June and July 2023 on first-year and second-year high school adolescents in Shandong Province, China.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The relationship between short-form video addiction, social anxiety, and sleep quality is not confounded by unmeasured variables.

    “The model had short‐form video addiction as the independent variable, social anxiety as the mediating variable, and sleep quality as the dependent variable.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Short-form video addiction causally affects sleep quality.

    “A higher degree of short‐form video addiction among adolescents results in poorer sleep quality.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Social anxiety causally mediates the relationship between short-form video addiction and sleep quality.

    “The mediating effect analysis shows that short-form video addiction has a positive predictive effect on sleep quality (β = 0.248, P < 0.05) and that social anxiety partially mediates the relationship between short‐form video addiction and sleep quality among adolescents (β = 0.149, P < 0.05).”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The sample of students from three high schools in Shandong Province is representative of adolescents in general.

    “Second, the sample was limited to students from three high schools in Shandong Province, China, which may introduce selection bias.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Short-form video addiction causally increases social anxiety among adolescents.

    “In addition, short‐form video addiction increases social anxiety among adolescents and leads to more negative emotions and less positive emotions, thereby undermining their sleep quality.”
8 of 8

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Binge-scrolling is associated with various negative psychological outcomes, including decreased learning motivation, reduced well-being, declines in sleep quality, heightened anxiety, attention deficits, and increased ADHD symptoms.

    “This behavior has been associated with various negative outcomes, including decreased learning motivation and reduced well-being during academic activities7, as well as declines in sleep quality30.”

    From The binge scrolling scale measures excessive scrolling through a validated three-factor structure (2025) · cites this paper as [30]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Economic-condition interpretation reverses the reported sleep scores

    Major

    The paper defines higher PSQI scores as poorer sleep quality. Yet Table 1 reports a lower score for the slightly poor group (5.15) than for the rich group (6.89), contrary to the discussion's conclusion that poorer economic conditions worsen sleep quality.

  • Family-residence difference is called both nonsignificant and significant

    Minor

    The discussion first reports no significant sleep-quality difference by family residence, consistent with Table 1's P = 0.846, but later calls that difference significant.

  • Cited study's location conflicts with its reference title

    Minor

    The introduction describes reference [12] as a survey of Vietnamese adolescents, but the listed title of reference [12] specifies US adolescents.

  • Two AMOS versions are reported

    Minor

    The methods say the mediation analysis used AMOS 20.0, while the results say the structural equation model was established using Amos 21.0.

4 of 4

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 20

  1. Yang YT, Cui Y, Cui W, Pan JJ, Qian H, Cui LJ. Effects of Internet use and internet addiction on sleep quality in college students. J Psychiatry. 2019;32(3):174–8.
  2. Chen Y, Liu HY. The impact of short video addiction on sleep quality among college students: a moderated mediating effect. China J Health Psychol. 2024;32(2):251–7.
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Authors
Jiang, L., & Yoo, Y.
Affiliations
  • Yantai University (CN)
  • Chonnam National University (KR)
Corresponding author
Jiang, Li
ORCID
Jiang, Li
Venue
BMC Psychology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2024-06-28
Volume
12
Issue
1
Pages
369-369
ISSN
2050-7283 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s40359-024-01865-9
PMC
PMC11214215
OpenAlex
W4400116010
Semantic Scholar
38cd997b5b257f9b9b4643d5a077d1a221f84765
Cited by
76
References
26
Citations by year
2026: 45 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 4
FWCI
54.51
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • BMC Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
  • Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
Keywords
short-form video addiction, sleep quality, social anxiety, adolescents, mediating effect, sleep disorders, screen time
MeSH terms
Internet Addiction Disorder, Sleep Quality, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Anxiety, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep Wake Disorders

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