The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Some types of exercise are more effective than others in people with chronic low back pain: a network meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
QUESTION: What are the effects of specific types of exercise treatments on pain intensity and functional limitation outcomes for adults with chronic low back pain? DESIGN: Systematic review with network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. PARTICIPANTS: Adults with non-specific low back pain for ≥ 12 weeks. INTERVENTION: Exercise treatments prescribed or planned by a health professional that involved conducting specific activities, postures and/or movements with a goal to improve low back pain outcomes. OUTCOME MEASURES: Pain intensity (eg, visual analogue scale or numerical rating scale) and back-related functional limitations (eg, Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire or Oswestry Disability Index), each standardised to range from 0 to 100. RESULTS: This review included 217 randomised controlled trials with 20,969 participants and 507 treatment groups. Most exercise types were more effective than minimal treatment for pain and functional limitation outcomes. Network meta-analysis results were compatible with moderate to clinically important treatment effects for Pilates, McKenzie therapy, and functional restoration (pain only) and flexibility exercises (function only) compared with minimal treatment, other effective treatments and other exercise types. The estimated mean differences for these exercise types compared with minimal treatment ranged from -15 to -19 for pain and from -10 to -12 for functional limitation. CONCLUSION: This review found evidence that Pilates, McKenzie therapy and functional restoration were more effective than other types of exercise treatment for reducing pain intensity and functional limitations. Nevertheless, people with chronic low back pain should be encouraged to perform the exercise that they enjoy to promote adherence. REGISTRATION: DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD009790.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A recent systematic review with an NMA of 217 randomised controlled trials has shown that patients with LBP benefit from being encouraged to perform exercises that they enjoy.118”
From Psychological interventions for chronic, non-specific low back pain: systematic review with network meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [118]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials
Higgins, J. P. T., Altman, D. G., Gotzsche, P. C., Juni, P., Moher, D., Oxman, A. D., Savovic, J., Schulz, K. F., Weeks, L., Sterne, J. A. C., et al. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d5928 · Cited by 33,817
Hutton, B., Salanti, G., Caldwell, D. M., Chaimani, A., Schmid, C. H., Cameron, C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Straus, S., Thorlund, K., Jansen, J. P., et al. (2015) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m14-2385 · Cited by 8,269
Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire
Fairbank, J. C. T., Couper, J., Davies, J. B., & O'Brien, J. P. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29805-2_3023 · Cited by 3,954
Chou, R., Qaseem, A., Snow, V., Casey, D., Cross, J. T., Shekelle, P., Owens, D. K., & for the Clinical Efficacy Assessment Subcommittee of the American College of Physicians and the American College of Physicians/American Pain Society Low Back Pain Guidelines Panel* (2007) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-147-7-200710020-00006 · Cited by 2,718
Checking consistency in mixed treatment comparison meta-analysis
Dias, S., Welton, N. J., Caldwell, D. M., & Ades, A. E. (2010) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.3767 · Cited by 2,521
Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire
Fairbank, J. C. T., Couper, J., Davies, J. B., & O'Brien, J. P. (2020) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t04205-000 · Cited by 2,033
CINeMA: an approach for assessing confidence in the results of a network meta-analysis
Nikolakopoulou, A., Higgins, J. P. T., Papakonstantinou, T., Chaimani, A., Del Giovane, C., Egger, M., & Salanti, G. (2020) · PLOS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003082 · Cited by 1,935
The Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire and the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire
Roland, M. O., & Fairbank, J. C. T. (2000) · Spine · doi:10.1097/00007632-200012150-00006 · Cited by 1,913
Hayden, J. A., van Tulder, M. W., & TOMLINSON, G. A. (2005) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-142-9-200505030-00014 · Cited by 852
Self-citation2015 Updated Method Guideline for Systematic Reviews in the Cochrane Back and Neck Group
Furlan, A. D., Malmivaara, A., Chou, R., Maher, C. G., Deyo, R. A., Schoene, M., Bronfort, G., & van Tulder, M. W. (2015) · Spine · doi:10.1097/brs.0000000000001061 · Cited by 704
Owen, P. J., Miller, C. T., Mundell, N. L., Verswijveren, S. J. J. M., Tagliaferri, S. D., Brisby, H., Bowe, S. J., & Belavý, D. L. (2019) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2019-100886 · Cited by 613
Living Systematic Reviews: An Emerging Opportunity to Narrow the Evidence-Practice Gap
Elliott, J. H., Turner, T., Clavisi, O., Thomas, J., Higgins, J. P. T., Mavergames, C., & Gruen, R. L. (2014) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001603 · Cited by 596
Exercise therapy for chronic low back pain
Hayden, J. A., Ellis, J., Ogilvie, R., Malmivaara, A., & van Tulder, M. W. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009790.pub2 · Cited by 589
Self-citationBORROWING STRENGTH FROM EXTERNAL TRIALS IN A META-ANALYSIS
Higgins, J. P. T., & WHITEHEAD, A. (1996) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19961230)15:24 · Cited by 559
Comparing two sampling methods to engage hard-to-reach communities in research priority setting
Valerio, M. A., Rodriguez, N., Winkler, P., Lopez, J., Dennison, M., Liang, Y., & Turner, B. J. (2016) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-016-0242-z · Cited by 555
Motor control exercise for chronic non-specific low-back pain
Saragiotto, B. T., Maher, C. G., Yamato, T. P., Costa, L. O., Menezes Costa, L. C., Ostelo, R. W., & Macedo, L. G. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012004 · Cited by 433
Self-citationLow back pain and sciatica in over 16s: assessment and management NICE guideline [NG59].
de Campos, T. F. (2017) · Journal of physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.jphys.2017.02.012 · Cited by 338
Visualizing Assumptions and Results in Network Meta-analysis: The Network Graphs Package
Chaimani, A., & Salanti, G. (2015) · The Stata Journal Promoting communications on statistics and Stata · doi:10.1177/1536867x1501500402 · Cited by 323
Yoga treatment for chronic non-specific low back pain
Wieland, L. S., Skoetz, N., Pilkington, K., Vempati, R., D’Adamo, C. R., & Berman, B. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010671.pub2 · Cited by 293
Yamato, T. P., Maher, C. G., Saragiotto, B. T., Hancock, M. J., Ostelo, R. W., Cabral, C. M., Menezes Costa, L. C., & Costa, L. O. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010265.pub2 · Cited by 169
Self-citationSchaafsma, F. G., Whelan, K. M., van der Beek, A. J., Lambeek, L. C., Ojajärvi, A., & Verbeek, J. H. A. M. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001822.pub3 · Cited by 143
Créquit, P., Trinquart, L., Yavchitz, A., & Ravaud, P. (2016) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-016-0555-0 · Cited by 126
Vanti, C., Andreatta, S., Borghi, S., Guccione, A. A., Pillastrini, P., & Bertozzi, L. (2017) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2017.1410730 · Cited by 123
Wewege, M. A., Booth, J., & Parmenter, B. J. (2018) · Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation · doi:10.3233/bmr-170920 · Cited by 119
Ferreira, M. L., Herbert, R., Ferreira, P. H., Latimer, J., Ostelo, R., Grotle, M., & Barrett, B. P. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.02.018 · Cited by 109
Zou, L., Zhang, Y., Yang, L., Loprinzi, P. D., Yeung, A., Kong, J., Chen, K. W., Song, W. J., Xiao, T., & Li, H. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8050628 · Cited by 95
Ferreira, M. L., Smeets, R., Kamper, S. J., Ferreira, P. H., & Machado, L. A. C. (2010) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.2522/ptj.20090332 · Cited by 93
Neovascularisation in tendinopathy: from eradication to stabilisation?
Järvinen, T. A. H. (2019) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2019-100608 · Cited by 93
Niederer, D., & Mueller, J. (2020) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0227423 · Cited by 80
Aquatic Exercises in the Treatment of Low Back Pain
Shi, Z., Zhou, H., Lu, L., Pan, B., Wei, Z., Yao, X. X., Kang, Y., Liu, L., & Feng, S. (2017) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/phm.0000000000000801 · Cited by 76
Zhang, Y., Loprinzi, P. D., Yang, L., Liu, J., Liu, S., & Zou, L. (2019) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina55050118 · Cited by 66
Namnaqani, F. I., Mashabi, A., Yaseen, K. M., & Alshehri, M. A. (2019) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 66
Two new methods to fit models for network meta-analysis with random inconsistency effects
Law, M. W.-M., Jackson, D., Turner, R., Rhodes, K. M., & Viechtbauer, W. (2016) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-016-0184-5 · Cited by 62
Alhakami, A. M., Davis, S., Qasheesh, M., Shaphe, M. A., & Chahal, A. (2019) · Journal of Physical Therapy Science · doi:10.1589/jpts.31.590 · Cited by 54
Sling exercise therapy for chronic low-back pain
Liu, H., Yao, K., Zhang, J., Li, L., Wu, T., Brox, J. I., & He, C. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010689 · Cited by 10
Low Back Pain: American College of Physicians Practice Guideline on Noninvasive Treatments.
Hauk, L. (2017) · PubMed · Cited by 3
The McKenzie method for chronic non-specific low-back pain (protocol).
Machado, L., van Tulder, M. W., Lin, C., Clare, H. A., & Hayden, J. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · Cited by 2
Self-citationThe McKenzie method for (sub)acute non-specific low-back pain (protocol).
Machado, L., Lin, C., Clare, H. A., & van Tulder, M. W. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · Cited by 1
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 39 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Exercise therapy for chronic low back pain
Hayden, J. A., Ellis, J., Ogilvie, R., Malmivaara, A., & van Tulder, M. W. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009790.pub2 · Cited by 589
Self-citationChiarotto, A., & Koes, B. W. (2022) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmcp2032396 · Cited by 298
Ho, E. K.-Y., Chen, L., Simic, M., Ashton-James, C. E., Comachio, J., Wang, D. X. M., Hayden, J. A., Ferreira, M. L., & Ferreira, P. H. (2022) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2021-067718 · Cited by 220
Self-citationGrooten, W. J. A., Boström, C., Dedering, Å., Halvorsen, M., Kuster, R. P., Nilsson-Wikmar, L. B., Olsson, C., Rovner, G., Tseli, E., & Rasmussen-Barr, E. (2022) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-022-05722-x · Cited by 105
COVID-19 Pandemic Increases the Impact of Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Metanalysis
Papalia, G. F., Petrucci, G., Russo, F., Ambrosio, L., Vadalà, G., Iavicoli, S., Papalia, R., & Denaro, V. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19084599 · Cited by 89
Metadata
- Authors
- Hayden, J. A., Ellis, J., Ogilvie, R., Stewart, S. A., Bagg, M. K., Stanojevic, S., Yamato, T. P., & Saragiotto, B. T.
- Affiliations
- Dalhousie University (CA)
- Department of Water (AU)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Hayden, Jill A
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Physiotherapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-10
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 252-262
- ISSN
- 1836-9553 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3199777986
- Cited by
- 321
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 49 · 2025: 63 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 85 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 6.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of physiotherapy (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (2019/10330-4, 2020/14231-8)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy-related medical research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology
- Keywords
- chronic low back pain, exercise therapy, Pilates, McKenzie therapy, functional restoration, flexibility training, pain intensity, functional limitations, disability, exercise adherence, non-specific low back pain
- MeSH terms
- Network Meta-Analysis, Adult, Exercise Therapy, Humans, Pain Measurement, Low Back Pain, Chronic Pain
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
