A review of proton exchange membrane fuel cell water management: Membrane electrode assembly

New Insights into Perfluorinated Sulfonic-Acid Ionomers

Kusoglu, A., & Weber, A. Z. (2017) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00159 · Cited by 2,432

Materials, technological status, and fundamentals of PEM fuel cells – A review

Wang, Y., Ruiz Diaz, D. F., Chen, K. S., Wang, Z., & Adroher, X. C. (2020) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2019.06.005 · Cited by 1,419

Energy efficiency improvements by investigating the water flooding management on proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)

Ijaodola, O. S., El- Hassan, Z., Ogungbemi, E., Khatib, F. N., Wilberforce, T., Thompson, J., & Olabi, A. G. (2019) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2019.04.074 · Cited by 461

A review of recent development: Transport and performance modeling of PEM fuel cells

Wu, H.-W. (2016) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.12.075 · Cited by 444

Electrode for proton exchange membrane fuel cells: A review

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Multi-phase models for water and thermal management of proton exchange membrane fuel cell: A review

Zhang, G., & Jiao, K. (2018) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.04.071 · Cited by 345

Experimental and numerical analysis of a three-dimensional flow field for PEMFCs

Li, W., Zhang, Q., Wang, C., Yan, X., Shen, S., Xia, G., Zhu, F., & Zhang, J. (2017) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.03.008 · Cited by 303

Theory and practice of flow field designs for fuel cell scaling-up: A critical review

Wang, J. (2015) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.01.032 · Cited by 270

Three-dimensional multiphase model of proton exchange membrane fuel cell with honeycomb flow field at the cathode side

Atyabi, S. A., & Afshari, E. (2019) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.293 · Cited by 263

Membrane electrode assemblies for PEM fuel cells: A review of functional graded design and optimization

Xing, L., Shi, W., Su, H., Xu, Q., Das, P. K., Mao, B., & Scott, K. (2019) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2019.04.084 · Cited by 256

Bubble evolution and transport in PEM water electrolysis: Mechanism, impact, and management

Yuan, S., Zhao, C., Cai, X., An, L., Shen, S., Yan, X., & Zhang, J. (2023) · Progress in Energy and Combustion Science · doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101075 · Cited by 393

Recent Advances on PEM Fuel Cells: From Key Materials to Membrane Electrode Assembly

Mo, S., Du, L., Huang, Z., Chen, J., Zhou, Y., Wu, P., Meng, L., Wang, N., Xing, L., Zhao, M., et al. (2023) · Electrochemical Energy Reviews · doi:10.1007/s41918-023-00190-w · Cited by 277

Hydrogen electrolyser technologies and their modelling for sustainable energy production: A comprehensive review and suggestions

Arsad, A. Z., Hannan, M. A., Al-Shetwi, A. Q., Begum, R. A., Hossain, M. J., Ker, P. J., & Mahlia, T. M. I. (2023) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.04.014 · Cited by 209

A systematic review of system modeling and control strategy of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Wang, Y., Yang, X., Sun, Z., & Chen, Z. (2023) · Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.enrev.2023.100054 · Cited by 109

Natural clay frameworks in membrane electrode assembly: Challenges and perspectives

Liu, Q., Wang, B., Ling, Z., Zhou, Y., Hu, S., Fu, X., Zhang, R. M., Zhang, Y., Zhao, F. J., Li, X., et al. (2025) · Nano Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110980 · Cited by 86

Tuning the microstructure to improve corrosion resistance of additive manufacturing high-entropy alloy in proton exchange membrane fuel cells environment

Cheng, H., Liu, Z., Luo, H., Pan, Z., Wang, X., Zhao, Q., Qi, X., & Li, X. (2023) · Corrosion Science · doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2023.110969 · Cited by 84

Optimization of blocked flow field performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell with auxiliary channels

Zuo, Q., Li, Q., Chen, W., Peng, R., Zhu, X., Xie, Y. G., Tang, Y., Shen, Z., & Yang, X. (2022) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.09.143 · Cited by 83

Designing proton exchange membrane fuel cells with high specific power density

Li, H., Zhao, H., Jian, S., Tao, B., Gu, S., Xu, G., Wang, G., & Chang, H. (2023) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/d3ta02545d · Cited by 69

Design and development of coating for metallic bipolar plates in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC): A review

Liu, J., Zhang, L., Yuan, B., Zhang, Y., Yang, Z., & Huang, J. (2024) · Materials & Design · doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113338 · Cited by 59

Membrane Electrode Assembly Degradation Modeling of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: A Review

Dafalla, A. M., Wei, L., Habte, B. T., Guo, J. H., & Jiang, F. (2022) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en15239247 · Cited by 58

A Critical Review of the Hydrometallurgy and Pyrometallurgical Recovery Processes of Platinum Group Metals from End-of-Life Fuel Cells

Mvokwe, S. A., Oyedeji, O. O., Agoro, M. A., Meyer, E. L., & Rono, N. (2025) · Membranes · doi:10.3390/membranes15010013 · Cited by 56

Flow field structure design modification with helical baffle for proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Liu, Q., Lan, F., Chen, J., Wang, J., & Zeng, C. (2022) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2022.116175 · Cited by 54

3D multi-phase simulation of metal bipolar plate proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack with cooling flow field

Zhang, Y., He, S., Jiang, X., Mu, X., Yuntao, Y., & Yang, X. (2022) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2022.116419 · Cited by 54

PtNi-W/C with Atomically Dispersed Tungsten Sites Toward Boosted ORR in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Devices

Wang, H., Gao, J., Chen, C., Zhao, W., Zhang, Z., Li, D., Chen, Y., Wang, C., Zhu, C., Ke, X., et al. (2023) · Nano-Micro Letters · doi:10.1007/s40820-023-01102-9 · Cited by 53

Three-dimensional multi-phase simulation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance considering constriction straight channel

Zhang, Y., He, S., Jiang, X., Mu, X., Ye, Y., & Yang, X. (2022) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2022.126544 · Cited by 53

Transport properties evaluation of pore-scale GDLs for PEMFC using orthogonal design method

Xiao, L., Bian, M., Sun, Y., Yuan, J., & Wen, X. (2023) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.122445 · Cited by 49

Three-dimensional simulation of large-scale proton exchange membrane fuel cell considering the liquid water removal characteristics on the cathode side

Zhang, Y., He, S., Jiang, X., Mu, X., Yuntao, Y., & Yang, X. (2022) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.11.343 · Cited by 48

Investigation of corrosion properties with Ni–P/TiNO coating on aluminum alloy bipolar plates in proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Zhang, J., Jin, J., Tao, Y., Cao, R. F., Kou, X., & Tian, X. (2022) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.05.024 · Cited by 46

An Overview of Artificial Intelligence-Based Techniques for PEMFC System Diagnosis

Sharma, P., Cirrincione, M., Mohammadi, A., Cirrincione, G., & Kumar, R. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3493620 · Cited by 45

Towards More Efficient PEM Fuel Cells Through Advanced Thermal Management: From Mechanisms to Applications

Wu, Q., Dong, Z., Zhang, X., Zhang, C. B., Iqbal, A., & Chen, J. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17030943 · Cited by 45

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis to accelerate electrocatalytic system innovation

Zhu, H., Liu, Y., Guo, W., Zheng, J., Zheng, Y., Cherevko, S., Tang, C., & Zhang, Q. (2024) · Science China Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s11426-024-2314-9 · Cited by 44

A review of water management in proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems

Qi, P., Wu, Z., Mou, J., Wu, D., Gu, Y., Xu, M., Li, Z., & Luo, Y. (2024) · Sustainable Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1039/d4se01020e · Cited by 44

Strategies to optimize water management in anion exchange membrane fuel cells

Zhang, B., Hua, Y., & Gao, Z. (2022) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231141 · Cited by 42

Effect of liquid water in flow channel on proton exchange membrane fuel cell: Focusing on flow pattern

Zhang, X., Ma, X., Yang, J., Zhu, X., Tai, S., & Shuai, S. (2022) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115528 · Cited by 41

Exploring distributed energy generation for sustainable development: A data mining approach

Gawusu, S., Mensah, R. A., & Das, O. (2022) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2022.104018 · Cited by 41

Recent Progress of Crystalline Porous Frameworks for Intermediate-Temperature Proton Conduction

Guo, Y. F., Wei, J., Ying, Y., Liu, Y., Zhou, W., & Yu, Q. B. (2023) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01205 · Cited by 40

Advanced development of anion-exchange membrane electrolyzers for hydrogen production: from anion-exchange membranes to membrane electrode assemblies

Lei, Y. C., Zhou, J., Zhou, W., Wang, Y., Zhang, M., Zhang, A., & Wang, L. (2024) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/d4cc03043e · Cited by 40

Bibliometric analysis for research trends and hotspots in heat and mass transfer and its management of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Chen, X., Zhang, Y., Xu, S., & Dong, F. (2023) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120611 · Cited by 35

Study on the effect of purging time on the performance of PEMFC with dead-ended anode under gravity

Liu, S., Li, X., Pang, L., Geng, T., Guo, Y., Jiang, L., Kang, K., Wang, X., & Liu, Z. (2022) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2022.10.065 · Cited by 33

Constructing three-dimensional conductive network in composite bipolar plates by sacrificial materials for improvement of proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance

Hu, B., Chen, L., Guo, C., He, G., Cao, X., & Yin, X. (2022) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.232261 · Cited by 33

Bio-Sourced and Biodegradable Membranes

Ehsani, M., Kalugin, D., Doan, H. D., Lohi, A., & Abdelrasoul, A. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app122412837 · Cited by 32

Effects of the carbon black properties in gas diffusion layer on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Wang, X., Liu, Y.-T., Zhang, X., Song, H., & Wu, G.-P. (2023) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.04.056 · Cited by 31

Polymer based flow field plates for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell and the scope of additive manufacturing: A techno‐economic review

Madheswaran, D. K., Jayakumar, A., Velu, R., Rajendran, R., & Varuvel, E. G. (2022) · International Journal of Energy Research · doi:10.1002/er.8645 · Cited by 30

Characterizing the two-phase flow effect in gas channel of proton exchange membrane fuel cell with dimensionless number

Ding, Y., Xu, L., Zheng, W., Hu, Z., Shao, Y., Li, J., & Ouyang, M. (2022) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.09.288 · Cited by 29

Single-walled carbon nanotube interlayer modified gas diffusion layers to boost the cell performance of self-humidifying proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Zhang, X., Liu, Y.-T., Song, H., Yao, T., Liu, Q., & Wu, G.-P. (2023) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.04.250 · Cited by 29

A Critical Review of Fabrication Strategies, Separation Techniques, Challenges, and Future Prospects for the Hydrogen Separation Membrane

Kudapa, V. K., Paliyal, P. S., Mondal, A., & Mondal, S. (2024) · Fusion Science & Technology · doi:10.1080/15361055.2023.2290898 · Cited by 28

Optimization strategies and diagnostic techniques for water management in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Zhao, W. G., Zaman, S., Kong, S., Liu, M., Zou, J., Zhang, Z., Ning, H., Peng, F., Li, Y., Wang, M., et al. (2024) · Green Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.gce.2024.03.003 · Cited by 27

A Scalable and Robust Water Management Strategy for PEMFCs: Operando Electrothermal Mapping and Neutron Imaging Study

Xu, L., Trogadas, P., Zhou, S., Jiang, S., Wu, Y., Rasha, L., Kockelmann, W. A., Yang, J. D., Neville, T. P., Jervis, R., et al. (2024) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202404350 · Cited by 27

Multi-objective optimization of helical baffle flow field structure for fuel cell under multiple performance indicator constraints

Liu, Q., Lan, F., Wang, J., Chen, Y., & Chen, J. (2025) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2025.122349 · Cited by 27

Water Management Strategies for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: A Comprehensive Review

Saeed, M. A., El‐Hameed, M. A., Al-Hajri, E., & Kabbani, A. (2025) · Electrochem · doi:10.3390/electrochem6040038 · Cited by 27

Types, properties, and applications of non-precious oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalyst: A review

Moghaddam, M. S., Kafshgari, M. S., Bahari, A., Kafshgari, L. A., & Jafari, A. (2025) · Journal of Energy Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2025.03.045 · Cited by 26

Surface-modified nanoclay incorporated anion exchange membrane facilitating performance in self-humidifying bipolar membrane fuel cell

Suhag, A., Goel, P., Bhuvanesh, E., & Chattopadhyay, S. (2023) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.11.188 · Cited by 26

Performance optimization by antioxidant strategies for proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Recent progress and future

Yu, X., Bai, S., Li, Q., Zhao, Z., Sun, Q., Cao, S., Cui, H., Liu, M., Xu, Q., & Hou, C. (2024) · EnergyChem · doi:10.1016/j.enchem.2024.100142 · Cited by 25

Progress on the durability of catalyst layer interfaces in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells

Ma, H., Tong, Y., Hung, Y. M., & Wang, X. (2024) · Process Safety and Environmental Protection · doi:10.1016/j.psep.2024.10.047 · Cited by 24

Optimizing proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance at low-humidity via constructing additional anodic water-retaining membrane layer containing sulfonated multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Liu, J., Li, J., Bai, J., Jin, Z., Ge, J., Liu, C., & Xing, W. (2022) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.232526 · Cited by 24

A review of the impact of ambient conditions and degradation in hybrid fuel cell powered unmanned aerial vehicles

Mus, J., Madhav, D., Vanierschot, M., Vandeginste, V., & Buysschaert, F. (2024) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235571 · Cited by 23

Advancing Sustainable Energy Transition Through Green Hydrogen Valleys

Flah, A., Kraiem, H., Jayachandran, M., El‐Bayeh, C. Z., Goud, B. S., Blažek, V., & Irfan, M. M. (2025) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2025.3542554 · Cited by 23

Dynamic flooding management strategy for automotive proton exchange membrane fuel cell system using cathode membrane water content

Nguyen, H. L., Kim, Y., Trinh, D. H., & Yu, S. (2025) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126485 · Cited by 23

Cost-effective Prussian blue analogue composite proton exchange membranes for low humidity fuel cell operation

Yin, Y. S., Li, M., Liu, X., Xie, N., Zheng, C., Liu, G., Yin, S., Li, X., Pei, Y., Zhang, J., et al. (2022) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231542 · Cited by 23

Ionomeric binders in polymer electrolyte fuel cells: roles, challenges, and advances

Yu, W., Luo, F., Liang, X., Jiang, C., Xu, Y., Liu, Z., An, Q., Guiver, M. D., Wu, L., & Xu, T. (2025) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/d5cs00406c · Cited by 21

Performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cell under wet/dry conditions with hydrophilic and hydrophobic electrospun microporous layers

Li, X., Liu, R., Yao, M., Zhang, J., & Liu, Y. (2022) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231896 · Cited by 21

Water liquid distribution in a bioinspired PEM fuel cell

Iranzo, A., González, G. M. C., Toharias, B., Boillat, P., & Rosa, F. (2023) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.08.103 · Cited by 21

Dynamic cross-scale modeling and thermo-electric response characteristics of PEMFC based on standardized thermal resistance

Yang, Y., Hao, J., Ju, C., Hao, T., Wang, X., Li, Y., & Du, X. (2024) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118133 · Cited by 21

Different Approaches for the Preparation of Composite Ionic Liquid-Based Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications—Recent Advancements

Ebrahimi, M. A., Fatyeyeva, K. Y., & Kujawski, W. M. (2023) · Membranes · doi:10.3390/membranes13060593 · Cited by 20

Microporous layer in proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Advancement in materials and properties

Hamzah, M. A. A., Kamarudin, S. K., Beygisangchin, M., Shaari, N., Hazan, R., & Zakaria, Z. (2024) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2024.114220 · Cited by 20

Advances in membranes and electrocatalysts to optimize proton-exchange membrane fuel cells

Mojarrad, N. R., Kırlıoğlu, A. C., Ölmez, B., Hamedani, A. A., Buldu-Aktürk, M., Zabara, M. A., Yürüm, A., Ozkan, C. S., Gürsel, S. A., Kaplan, B. Y., et al. (2025) · Cell Reports Physical Science · doi:10.1016/j.xcrp.2025.102728 · Cited by 19

Green Nanocomposite Electrodes/Electrolytes for Microbial Fuel Cells—Cutting-Edge Technology

Kausar, A., Ahmad, I., Zhao, T., Mâaza, M., & Bocchetta, P. (2023) · Journal of Composites Science · doi:10.3390/jcs7040166 · Cited by 19

Numerical investigation of effect of mechanical compression on the transport properties of fuel cell microporous layer using a pore-scale model

Zhang, H., Hu, H., Sarker, M., Shao, X., Zhan, Z., Sui, P., & Chuang, P. A. (2024) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.03.102 · Cited by 19

Mass‐Transfer Mechanism of Nafion Proton‐Exchange Membranes in Fuel Cells—A Review

Lin, S. J., Zhao, S., Dou, H., Wei, G., Li, Y., Gao, S., Gao, J., & He, Y. (2024) · Energy Technology · doi:10.1002/ente.202400164 · Cited by 19

Thermal Transient Performance of PEM Fuel Cells in Aerospace Applications: A Numerical Study

Seddiq, M., Alnajideen, M., & Navaratne, R. (2025) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c04834 · Cited by 19

Oxygen depolarised cathode as a learning platform for CO 2 gas diffusion electrodes

Hernandez-Aldave, S., & Andreoli, E. (2022) · Catalysis Science & Technology · doi:10.1039/d2cy00443g · Cited by 19

Combined effects of microstructural characteristics on anisotropic transport properties of gas diffusion layers for PEMFCs

Xiao, L., Bian, M., Yin, Z., Wen, X., Zhao, C., Sui, P., Yuan, J., & Zhang, H. (2022) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.08.301 · Cited by 18

Solid‐State Electrolyte‐Based Electrochemical Conversion of Carbon Dioxide: Progress and Opportunities

Luthfiah, A., & Lee, C. W. (2023) · ChemCatChem · doi:10.1002/cctc.202300702 · Cited by 18

Effects of Compression and Porosity Gradients on Two-Phase Behavior in Gas Diffusion Layer of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Wang, H., Yang, G., Shen, Q., Li, S., Su, F., Jiang, Z., Liao, J., Zhang, G., & Sun, J. (2023) · Membranes · doi:10.3390/membranes13030303 · Cited by 17

Poly(arylene ether ketone sulfone)s functionalized with adenosine triphosphate-modified graphene oxide as proton exchange membranes for fuel cells

Zhao, P., Meng, L., Xu, J., Lei, J., Feng, K., Lan, T., & Wang, Z. (2023) · European Polymer Journal · doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.112605 · Cited by 17

Graded Structure Design of the Microporous Layer for Improving the Mass Transfer Performance of Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Wang, X., & Wu, G.-P. (2024) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c08458 · Cited by 17

Nanocomposite proton exchange membranes based on sulfonated polyethersulfone and functionalized quantum dots for fuel cell application

Hooshyari, K., Karimi, M. B., Su, H., Rahmani, S., & Rajabi, H. R. (2022) · International Journal of Energy Research · doi:10.1002/er.7794 · Cited by 17

Preparation and performance of a self-humidifying fuel cell using a fiber sintered sheet as flow field

Lian, Y., You, C., Zhu, Z., Zhu, X., Li, X., & Zhou, W. (2022) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231513 · Cited by 16

Numerical effect of random poral microstructures in stacking gas diffusion layers on water transport capability

Liu, Q., Lan, F., Wang, J., Chen, J., & Zeng, C. (2022) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.232440 · Cited by 16

Design and performance optimization of a lattice-based radial flow field in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Zheng, M., Han, L., Bu, W., Luo, X. W., Hu, X., & Zhang, Z. (2024) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d4ra05965d · Cited by 16

Three-dimensional full-morphology numerical simulation of PEM fuel cells: Spatial distribution characteristics of “gas–water-electricity” considering circular dot matrix gas distribution zones

Zhang, Y., Zhang, D., Chen, Q., Zhang, Y., Yang, X., Yang, X., Cao, J., Deng, Q., Chen, B., Liu, Q., et al. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2024.159199 · Cited by 16

Experimental study of water transport in gas diffusion layer of PEMFC considering the phase-change-induced flow

Xu, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, R., Xia, Z., Tang, A., & Zheng, J. Q. (2025) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2025.136534 · Cited by 16

A Lumped-Mass Model of Membrane Humidifier for PEMFC

Vu, H. N., Nguyen, X. L., & Yu, S. (2022) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en15062113 · Cited by 16

The buffer microporous layer improved water management for proton exchange membrane fuel cell at varying humidification

Yin, Q., Gao, W., Zhang, C., Gong, F., Tu, Z., Li, Y., Jiang, G., Wang, C., & Mao, Z. (2022) · Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.117072 · Cited by 16

3D Numerical Simulation of Metal Bipolar Plate Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Considering Wavy Interlaced Flow Field

Zhang, Y., He, S., Gu, M. D., Wang, Y., Xiong, K., Feng, G., & Fang, H. (2023) · Energy Technology · doi:10.1002/ente.202300448 · Cited by 16

Effect of anisotropic transport properties of porous layers on the dynamic performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Liu, Q., Lan, F., Chen, J., Wang, J., & Zeng, C. (2022) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.12.161 · Cited by 15

Behavior analysis of PEMFC with geometric configuration variation during multiple-step loading reduction process

Xia, Z., Chen, H., Zhang, R., Weng, Q., Zhang, T., & Pei, P. (2023) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121671 · Cited by 15

Quaternary Ammonium Polybenzimidazole/Polymeric Ionic Liquid Cross-Linked Membranes with High Proton Conductivity and Stability for HT-PEM Applications

Zhang, S., Luo, Y., Yu, D., Guan, X., Wu, W., Li, C., Ma, G., Zhou, X., & Wang, S. (2024) · ACS Applied Polymer Materials · doi:10.1021/acsapm.4c01470 · Cited by 15

Water distribution and transmission within perforated gas diffusion layer and layered gas diffusion layer of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Sun, S., & Sun, Z.-Y. (2025) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.237024 · Cited by 15

High Performance and Self-Humidifying of Novel Cross-Linked and Nanocomposite Proton Exchange Membranes Based on Sulfonated Polysulfone

Li, X., Zhang, Z., Xie, Z., Guo, X., Yang, T., Li, Z., Tu, M., & Rao, H. (2022) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano12050841 · Cited by 15

Enhanced performance in proton exchange membrane fuel cell with the twisted parallel micro-channel for flow field

Qi, W., Tang, X., Song, J., Zhang, Z., Huang, Z., Ge, S., Tuo, J., Cheng, J., & Guo, S. (2023) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.05.330 · Cited by 15

Leaching Efficiency and Kinetics of Platinum from Spent Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells by H2O2/HCl

Chen, W., Liu, W.-S., & Chen, W. (2023) · Metals · doi:10.3390/met13061006 · Cited by 14

Two-phase flow in the gas diffusion layer with different perforation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Li, T., Bao, Z., Yao, R., Pan, X., Bai, F., Peng, Z., Jiao, K., & Liu, Z. (2024) · International Journal of Green Energy · doi:10.1080/15435075.2024.2347269 · Cited by 14

A multi-factor numerical study on the effect of gas diffusion layer on water transport characteristics in proton exchange membrane fuel cells: A pore-scale investigation

Wang, X., Zhang, N., Zou, G., Zhang, B., Yuan, J., Lin, S., Chen, W., & Chen, B. (2025) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.196 · Cited by 14

Low-platinum dissymmetric membrane electrode assemblies for fuel cells suitable for a variety of external humidification conditions

Gao, W., Yin, Q., Zhang, X., Zhang, C., Lei, Y., & Wang, C. (2022) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.232013 · Cited by 14

A direct electrochemical Li recovery from spent Li-ion battery cathode for high-purity lithium hydroxide feedstock

Feng, Y., Park, Y., Hao, S., Qiu, C. J., Zhang, S., Zhou, Y., Fang, Z., Terlier, T., Sellers, C., Mateen, K., et al. (2025) · Joule · doi:10.1016/j.joule.2025.102197 · Cited by 13

A systematic review of water management state and optimization methods of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Xiao, Y., Li, S., Hu, X., Jiang, T., Sun, Y., Fu, X., & Zhang, X. (2026) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239464 · Cited by 13

Electrocatalytic activity, phase kinetics, spectroscopic advancements, and photocorrosion behaviour in tantalum nitride phases

Mukkavilli, R. S., Moharana, N., Singh, B., Fischer, T., Vollnhals, F., Ichangi, A., Kumar, K., Christiansen, S. H., Kim, K. H., Kwon, S., et al. (2024) · Nano Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.110046 · Cited by 13

The Influence of bipolar plate wettability on performance and durability of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Yang, D., Fortin, P., Garg, H., & Andersson, M. (2024) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.08.510 · Cited by 13

A comparative numerical investigation of effect of mechanical compression on the transport properties of gas diffusion layer fabricated by wet and dry laid methods

Zhang, H., Hu, H., Shao, X., Zhan, Z., & Chen, B. (2024) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.126064 · Cited by 12

Experimental investigation on the effect of channel geometry on performance heterogeneity in hydrogen PEM fuel cell

Casadei, D., Verducci, F., Grimaldi, A., Croci, D., Palmieri, A., Bianchi, R., Picciotti, G., Casalegno, A., & Baricci, A. (2024) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.08.515 · Cited by 12

Pt‐Based 3D Electrocatalyst with Process‐Friendly Features for PEMFCs Possessing Fast Activation and Improved Mass‐Transfer Properties

Pandikassala, A., Nadumattuvayil, V., Singh, M. K., Jadhav, S. D., Yoyakki, A., & Kurungot, S. (2025) · Advanced Sustainable Systems · doi:10.1002/adsu.202400904 · Cited by 12

Inhomogeneous degradation mechanism of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack based on inter-cell and intra-cell cases

Chu, T., Zhang, Z., Hou, X., Xie, M., Yang, D., Li, B., Ming, P., & Zhang, C. (2025) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.237195 · Cited by 12

Multi-parameter degradation of PEMFCs in freeze/thaw cycles: Impacts of assembly force and initial membrane water content on cold start durability for transportation applications

Shi, L., Li, R., Du, C., Zhou, J., Yi, Y., Liu, Z., Su, J., Qian, L., Ma, T., Yang, S., et al. (2025) · eTransportation · doi:10.1016/j.etran.2025.100505 · Cited by 12

An ePTFE-reinforced membrane electrode assembly based on a wet-contact interface design strategy for high-performance proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Liu, L., Xing, Y., Fu, Z., Li, Y., Li, Z., & Li, Z. (2023) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233221 · Cited by 12

High-performance and durable membrane electrode assemblies based on CeO2 and ePTFE double-reinforcement strategy for proton exchange membrane fuel cells operating at elevated temperatures

Xing, Y., Liu, L., Fu, Z., Li, Y., & Li, H. (2023) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233727 · Cited by 12

Effect of fiber curvature on gas diffusion layer two-phase dynamics of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Yang, D., Andersson, M., & Garg, H. (2024) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.08.307 · Cited by 12

Reactive metal–support interaction of In2O3/crystalline carbon hybrid support for highly durable and efficient oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalyst

Woo, S. M., Kim, H. S., Youn, P. J., Lee, K. R., Kang, G. M., You, S., Lee, K., Kim, Y., Yu, S., Han, J. H., et al. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2025.159586 · Cited by 11

Single-cell modeling, simulation and optimization of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells: current status, challenges, and perspectives

Zhang, Z., Liu, H., Lan, G., Wang, Y., Liu, C., Yin, Z., & Lu, K. J. (2025) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238943 · Cited by 11

All sprayed fluorine-free membrane electrode assembly for low-platinum and low-humidity proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Yu, W., Yang, X., Xian, L., Xu, Y., Shen, X., Ge, X., Wu, L., & Xu, T. (2023) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/d3ta00603d · Cited by 11

A review on water balance in the membrane electrode assembly of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Dai, W., Wang, H., Yuan, X.-Z., Martin, J. J., Yang, D., Qiao, J., & Ma, J. (2009) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.09.017 · Cited by 420

A review of water management in proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems

Qi, P., Wu, Z., Mou, J., Wu, D., Gu, Y., Xu, M., Li, Z., & Luo, Y. (2024) · Sustainable Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1039/d4se01020e · Cited by 44

Research on membrane electrode assembly of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Sun, D. (2003) · Chinese Journal of Power Sources

Study on the progress of MEA for PEMFC

Rui, W. (2009) · Shanxi Chemical Industry

Optimization strategies and diagnostic techniques for water management in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Zhao, W. G., Zaman, S., Kong, S., Liu, M., Zou, J., Zhang, Z., Ning, H., Peng, F., Li, Y., Wang, M., et al. (2024) · Green Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.gce.2024.03.003 · Cited by 27