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Sleep duration, insomnia, and markers of systemic inflammation: Results from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA)
Open accessAbstract
Systemic inflammation has emerged as a potential pathway linking depressive and anxiety disorders with disease risk. Short and long sleep duration, as well as insomnia, are common among psychiatric populations and have previously been related to increased inflammation. The aim of the present study was to investigate associations between sleep duration and insomnia with biomarkers of inflammation and to explore whether these associations varied by psychiatric diagnostic status. To this end, self-reported measures of sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, and markers of inflammation, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-(IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, were obtained in 2553 adults (aged 18-65 years) diagnosed with current/recent or remitted depressive and/or anxiety disorders and healthy controls enrolled in the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). Regression analyses revealed associations between sleep duration and levels of CRP and IL-6 with higher levels observed in long sleepers. These associations remained statistically significant after controlling for age, gender, education, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, medical comorbidities, medication use, psychotropic medication use, and psychiatric diagnostic status. There were no clear associations between insomnia symptoms and levels of inflammation. Relationships between sleep duration and inflammation did not vary as a function of psychiatric diagnostic status. These findings suggest that elevated levels of systemic inflammation may represent a mechanism linking long sleep duration and disease risk among those with and without depressive and anxiety disorders.
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“several studies did not find an association between cytokines (TNF, IL-6) and sleep disturbances”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Prather, A. A., Vogelzangs, N., & Penninx, B. W. J. H.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Amsterdam Neuroscience (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Prather, Aric A.
- Venue
- Journal of Psychiatric Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-01
- Volume
- 60
- Pages
- 95-102
- ISSN
- 0022-3956 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4250403
- OpenAlex
- W2088216172
- Cited by
- 181
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 9.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- pure.amsterdamumc.nl
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Psychiatric Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K08HL112961)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- sleep duration, insomnia, systemic inflammation, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, TNF-α, depression, anxiety disorders, long sleepers, inflammatory markers
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anxiety, C-Reactive Protein, Depression, Female, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Regression Analysis, Sex Factors, Sleep, Time Factors, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Biomarkers, Interleukin-6, Young Adult
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