Penile length nomogram for Asian Indian prepubertal boys
Abstract
Background Penile length-for-age nomograms in prepubertal boys may aid in early recognition of endocrine and genetic disorders associated with abnormal phallic size. There are scarce data on the penile length measurements in children beyond the neonatal period and there is a lack of such a nomogram for Asian Indians. Materials and methods Of the boys who were admitted in our ward or seen in the outpatient setting for genitalia-unrelated surgical problems, 20 consecutive boys were included in each of the following ten age slots (total of 200 subjects): 0-1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-6, 6-7, 7-8, 8-9, and 9-10 years. Their stretched penile length (SPL) measurements were used to establish the normal range (mean ± 2 SD) of penile length-for-age in prepubertal Indian boys. Mean ± 2.5 SD was also calculated to define the cut-offs for micropenis and macropenis, respectively, in each age group. Results A rapid increase is seen in penile length up to 4 years of age. A much slower increase is implied thereafter. Conclusion This study provides reference values of penile lengths for Asian Indian boys aged 0-10 years.
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In neighboring India, many studies have been conducted to establish local nomograms for pediatric male external genitalia, some representing statewise populations.
“Pakistan lacks the sufficient reference data for this purpose, while on the other hand, in neighboring India, which shares close ethnic proximity, many studies have been conducted only for this sole purpose, some of which represent the statewise population highlighting the importance of locally derived nomograms [8, 15-19].”
From Stretched Penile Length and Penile Circumference in Pediatric Population of Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Single-Center Study (2026) · cites this paper as [17]
The study required a total sample size of 770 with at least 43 boys in each age group to achieve a power of 0.8, based on the standard deviation of seven previously published studies.
“As per the standard deviation of seven[4] previously published studies, for the power of study to be 0.8, total sample size required was 770 with n > = 43 in each age group.”
From Stretched Penile Length and Testicular Size from Birth to 18 Years in Boys from Western Maharashtra (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
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“[5,12] However, some studies[4,13-16] have reported slightly higher values.”
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“Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism / Nov-Dec 2014 / Vol 18 | Issue 6 864 and genital ambiguity including micropenis (defined as stretched penile length <2 SD of mean for age) and undescended testes.[5] Anthropometric measurements were recorded as per standard protocols,[6] and were plotted on contemporary…”
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“49 cm among 0 to 1-y-old male infants [15].”
A cross-sectional study of stretched penile length in boys from West Bengal, India
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“…the estimation of penile size including SPL. ] Various studies have tried to formulate age‑specific nomograms to serve as yardsticks for the assessment of SPL. [1,5] The precision and accuracy of such nomograms are crucial since the nomograms serve as yardsticks for comparison in clinical settings.”
Gyftopoulos, K. (2018) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2018.02.005 · Cited by 8
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“[8] The measuring devices used for SPL assessment included rulers [3,5,7] and calipers.”
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“…et al. [33] 2013 Egypt 1000 1 week Jarrett et al. [34] 2014 Nigeria 261 1 week Matsuo et al. [52] 2014 Japan 547 1 week Teckchandani and Bajpai [53] 2014 India 200 1 year, 2 – 5 years, 5 – 10 years Bhat et al. [4] 2015 India 250 1 year, 2 – 5 years, 5 – 10 years Bhakhri et al. [55] 2015 India…”
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Stretched Penile Length in Boys - A Cross-sectional Single Centre Study
Ramuppillai, S. L., Krishnamoorthi, R., Ravichandran, S., Somasundaram, J. K., & Dhanalakshmi, N. R. (2023) · Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society · doi:10.60086/jnps494
- Authors
- Teckchandani, N., & Bajpai, M.
- Affiliations
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Bajpai, Minu
- ORCID
- Bajpai, Minu
- Venue
- Journal of Pediatric Urology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-04
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 352-354
- ISSN
- 1477-5131 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2055685520
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 2.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Pediatric Urology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Urological Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Genital Health and Disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Keywords
- penile length, stretched penile length, nomogram, prepubertal boys, reference values, micropenis, age-related growth
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Child, Child, Preschool, Genital Diseases, Male, Humans, India, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Penis, Reference Values, Cohort Studies, Asian People, Nomograms
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