A cross-sectional study of stretched penile length in boys from West Bengal, India
Open accessAbstract
Introduction: Short penile length is a commonly encountered problem in clinical practice. Detection of abnormal stretched penile length (SPL) warrants appropriate endocrine evaluation. Ethnicity-specific SPL data are required to detect these abnormalities. There is a dearth of such data in India. This study aims to establish normative values of SPL in boys from West Bengal. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. SPL, testicular volume (TV), height/length, and weight were measured in 460 boys aged 1 to 13 years from the schools located at urban, suburban, and rural areas in the state of West Bengal, India. Similar data were collected from 36 healthy neonates within 1–3 days of full-term delivery at IPGME and R and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Results: The 5th percentile, median, and 95th percentile of SPL were 1.7, 2.0, and 2.7 cm for neonates; 3.5, 4.4, and 6.4 cm for the children aged 1 Y–2 Y 11 M; 4.0, 5.5, and 7.0 cm for the age group 3 Y–4 Y 11 M; 4.2, 6.0, and 7.2 cm for the age group 5 Y–6 Y 11 M; 4.3, 6.0, and 7.6 cm for the age group 7 Y–8 Y 11 M; 4.4, 6.5, and 9.0 cm for the age group 9 Y–10 Y 11 M; and 4.8, 7.0, and 11.0 cm for the age group 11 Y–12 Y 11 M, respectively. SPL showed significant positive correlation with TV [r = 0.365, P < 0.0005] and height of the children [r = 0.516, P < 0.0005], but not with BMI. Conclusion: Our study provides normative data of SPL in neonate and children aged 1 to 13 years from the eastern part of India. SPL value correlated positively with TV and height of children.
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The study required a total sample of 403 participants based on a 95% confidence interval, standard deviation of 0.55, and margin of error of 0.05 using the formula n = (Zσ/E)2.
“A total sample of 403 participants was required based on a confidence interval of 95 percent, a standard deviation of 0.55 and a margin of error of 0.05 using the standard formula n = (Zσ/E)² where Z was taken as 1.96 [8].”
From Stretched Penile Length and Penile Circumference in Pediatric Population of Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Single-Center Study (2026) · cites this paper as [8]
The Materials and Methods passage gives the stated 95% confidence level, standard deviation of 0.55, margin of error of 0.05, and formula. It says the calculated sample size was 464, not 403; the claimed required total is therefore unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDifferences in absolute values have been attributed to ethnicity, age distribution, and measurement techniques.
“Differences in absolute values have been attributed to ethnicity age distribution and measurement techniques [7, 8, 19, 20].”
From Stretched Penile Length and Penile Circumference in Pediatric Population of Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Single-Center Study (2026) · cites this paper as [8]
The Discussion attributes differences in penile-length values between populations partly to ethnicity and reports that stretched penile length increases with age. Materials and Methods describes the measurement technique, but the paper does not attribute differences between studies to measurement techniques; it points instead to differences in sample size. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn neighboring India, many studies have been conducted to establish local nomograms for pediatric male external genitalia, some representing statewise populations.
“Pakistan lacks the sufficient reference data for this purpose, while on the other hand, in neighboring India, which shares close ethnic proximity, many studies have been conducted only for this sole purpose, some of which represent the statewise population highlighting the importance of locally derived nomograms [8, 15-19].”
From Stretched Penile Length and Penile Circumference in Pediatric Population of Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Single-Center Study (2026) · cites this paper as [8]
Many authors across the world have generated standard nomograms for their local pediatric male populations to aid in evaluation of male external genitalia.
“For this purpose, many authors across the world have generated the standard nomograms for their local pediatric male population to aid in the evaluation of their male external genitalia [7-11].”
From Stretched Penile Length and Penile Circumference in Pediatric Population of Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Single-Center Study (2026) · cites this paper as [8]
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Flagged first, then by citations
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“…Roy et al . have documented that maximal inter‑observer bias was 2 mm and that the mean of the two values was recorded [33] while Boas et al . have documented that 95% of the paired measurements (two different observers) were within ± 0.67 cm while the intra‑observer…”
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“[5,7,8] The essential steps in the technique of SPL measurement varied slightly across the study cohort and are summarized in Table 1.”
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Stretched Penile Length in Boys - A Cross-sectional Single Centre Study
Ramuppillai, S. L., Krishnamoorthi, R., Ravichandran, S., Somasundaram, J. K., & Dhanalakshmi, N. R. (2023) · Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society · doi:10.60086/jnps494
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“Dear sir, I read with interest the study by Roy et al.[1] published in July–August 2019 issue of the Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism.”
BackgroundA Cross-sectional Study of Stretched Penile Length in Boys from West Bengal, India
Al-Mendalawi, M. (2019) · Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism · doi:10.4103/ijem.ijem_551_19
“Dear sir, I read with interest the study by Roy et al.[1] published in July–August 2019 issue of the Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism.”
Background
- Authors
- Bhattacharjee, R., Roy, A., Chakraborty, P., Goswami, S., Biswas, K., Mukhopadhyay, P., & Chowdhury, S.
- Affiliations
- Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (IN)
- Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences (IN)
- Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Bhattacharjee, Rana
- Venue
- Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Published
- 2019
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 412
- ISSN
- 2230-8210 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6844165
- OpenAlex
- W2978034433
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 1.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Urological Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Keywords
- stretched penile length, reference values, boys, testicular volume, neonates, pediatric endocrinology, West Bengal
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