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Opioid-related US hospital discharges by type, 1993-2016.
Open accessAbstract
Objective To classify and compare US nationwide opioid-related hospital inpatient discharges over time by discharge type: 1) opioid use disorder (OUD) diagnosis without opioid overdose, detoxification, or rehabilitation services, 2) opioid overdose, 3) OUD diagnosis or opioid overdose with detoxification services, and 4) OUD diagnosis or opioid overdose with rehabilitation services.Methods Survey-weighted national analysis of hospital discharges in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample yielded age-adjusted annual rates per 100,000 population. Annual percentage change (APC) in the rate of opioid-related discharges by type during 1993-2016 was assessed.Results The annual rate of hospital discharges documenting OUD without opioid overdose, detoxification, or rehabilitation services quadrupled during 1993-2016, and at an increased rate (8% annually) during 2003-2016. The discharge rate for all types of opioid overdose increased an average 5-9% annually during 1993-2010; discharges for non-heroin overdoses declined 2010-2016 (3-12% annually) while heroin overdose discharges increased sharply (23% annually). The rate of discharges including detoxification services among OUD and overdose patients declined (-4% annually) during 2008-2016 and rehabilitation services (e.g., counselling, pharmacotherapy) among those discharges decreased (-2% annually) during 1993-2016.Conclusions Over the past two decades, the rate of both OUD diagnoses and opioid overdoses increased substantially in US hospitals while rates of inpatient detoxification and rehabilitation services identified by diagnosis codes declined. It is critical that inpatients diagnosed with OUD or treated for opioid overdose are linked effectively to substance use disorder treatment at discharge.
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Few hospital patients receive SUD treatment services.
“yet few hospital patients receive SUD treatment services.4,21,22”
From Assessment of Annual Cost of Substance Use Disorder in US Hospitals (2021) · cites this paper as [4]
The Results describe the rate of opioid-related hospital discharges including detoxification or rehabilitation services as relatively low, supporting the claim for those services and patients. The study examines opioid-related discharges, not all hospital patients or every form of SUD treatment; the Limitations also say it could not directly observe medication treatment or referrals. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Metadata
- Authors
- Peterson, C., Xu, L., Florence, C., & Mack, K. A.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- Peterson, Cora
- Venue
- Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-08
- Volume
- 103
- Pages
- 9-13
- ISSN
- 0740-5472 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6592613
- OpenAlex
- W2944153838
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 3.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (CC999999)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Keywords
- opioid use disorder, opioid overdose, heroin overdose, hospitalization trends, National Inpatient Sample
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Community Health Centers, Health Services Research, Humans, Inpatients, Mental Health Services, Opioid-Related Disorders, Patient Discharge, United States, Drug Overdose
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