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Handgrip strength and health outcomes: Umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to assess both the credibility and strength of evidence arising from systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies on handgrip strength and health outcomes. METHODS: An umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies was conducted. We assessed meta-analyses of observational studies based on random-effect summary effect sizes and their p values, 95% prediction intervals, heterogeneity, small-study effects, and excess significance. We graded the evidence from convincing (Class I) to weak (Class IV). RESULTS: ). No outcome presented convincing evidence. Three associations showed Class II evidence (i.e., highly suggestive): (1) higher handgrip values at baseline were associated with a minor reduction in mortality risk in the general population (n = 34 studies; sample size = 1,855,817; relative risk = 0.72, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.67-0.78), (2) cardiovascular death risk in mixed populations (n = 15 studies; relative risk = 0.84, 95%CI: 0.78-0.91), and (3) incidence of disability (n = 7 studies; relative risk = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.66-0.87). CONCLUSION: The present results show that handgrip strength is a useful indicator for general health status and specifically for early all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, as well as disability. To further inform intervention strategies, future research is now required to fully understand mechanisms linking handgrip strength scores to these health outcomes.
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“HGS is a useful indicator of general health status and, specifically, of early mortality from any cardiovascular cause, as well as disability [110,111].”
From The Seven Methods for the Evaluation of Nutritional Status—ABCDEFG: Narrative Review (2026) · cites this paper as [110]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Soysal, P., Hurst, C., Demurtas, J., Firth, J., Howden, R., Yang, L., Tully, M. A., Koyanagi, A., Ilie, P. C., López-Sánchez, G. F., Schwingshackl, L., Veronese, N., & Smith, L.
- Affiliations
- Newcastle University (GB)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte (US)
- Alberta Health Services (CA)
- University of Ulster (GB)
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ES)
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital King's Lynn NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- National Research Council (IT)
- Anglia Ruskin University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Veronese, Nicola
- Smith, Lee
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Sport and Health Science
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-05
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 290-295
- ISSN
- 2213-2961 (ISSN-L)
- 2095-2546
- PMC
- PMC8167328
- OpenAlex
- W3026843787
- Cited by
- 283
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 76 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 21
- FWCI
- 3.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ulster University Research Portal (Ulster University) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Anglia Ruskin Research Online (Anglia Ruskin University) (acceptedVersion)
- IRIS UniPA (University of Palermo) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity) (cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Keywords
- grip strength, health outcomes, mortality, cardiovascular mortality, disability, evidence quality grading, prediction intervals, small-study effects, heterogeneity
- MeSH terms
- Walking Speed, Systematic Reviews as Topic, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cause of Death, Postural Balance, Health Status, Hospitalization, Humans, Locomotion, Probability, Risk, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Bias, Sample Size, Hand Strength, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Observational Studies as Topic
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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