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Evaluation of cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by Anethum graveolens L. essential oil in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line
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![Fig. 3 Cell cycle analysis in HepG2 cells exposed to Anethum graveolens essential oil (AG-EO) for 24 h. Representative flow cytometric image exhibiting changes in the progression of cell cycle. [A]: Control; [B]: 20 μg/ml; [C]: 60 μg/ml; [D]: 200 μg/ml.](/paper-figures/0b3174a40e674dadbb8116115afcc6e1/evaluation-of-cytotoxicity-cell-cycle-arrest-and-apoptosis-induced-by-anethum-figure-3.jpg)
![Fig. 4 Flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis in HepG2 cells exposed to various concentrations of treated with various concentrations of Anethum graveolens essential oil (AG-EO). The scatter plots show total, early apoptosis, late apoptotic and necrotic cells following 24 h exposure. [A]: Control; [B]: 20 μg/ml; [C]: 60 μg/ml; [D]: 200 μg/ml.](/paper-figures/b6e5776b3e4d4f74a5ae61139e42cf07/evaluation-of-cytotoxicity-cell-cycle-arrest-and-apoptosis-induced-by-anethum-figure-4.jpg)
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“However, although the cytotoxic effects of A. graveolens products have been previously reported [20,22,23,24], these effects were usually described without the investigation of the underlying mechanisms of action.”
From Maceration, Soxhlet Extraction, and Steam Hydrodistillation of Anethum graveolens Seeds: Phytochemical Profiles and Cytotoxic Effects (2026) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“Meanwhile, A. graveolens EO led to an apoptosis-driven reduction in cell viability in the hepatocellular carcinoma line [23] and cytotoxic effects in colon carcinoma [24].”
From Maceration, Soxhlet Extraction, and Steam Hydrodistillation of Anethum graveolens Seeds: Phytochemical Profiles and Cytotoxic Effects (2026) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“Similarly, it was reported that overall, A. graveolens essential oil exhibited cytotoxic effects in HepG2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner by promoting G2/M and pre-G1 cell cycle arrest together with apoptotic cell death [23].”
From Maceration, Soxhlet Extraction, and Steam Hydrodistillation of Anethum graveolens Seeds: Phytochemical Profiles and Cytotoxic Effects (2026) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“As mentioned previously, both AGEO and A. graveolens L. extracts have shown promising cytotoxic effects in multiple cell lines [20,22,23,24].”
From Maceration, Soxhlet Extraction, and Steam Hydrodistillation of Anethum graveolens Seeds: Phytochemical Profiles and Cytotoxic Effects (2026) · cites this paper as [23]
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Cited by
Goldiș, C., Racoviceanu, R., Negrea-Ghiulai, R., Mioc, A., Prodea, A., Atyim, E., Maksimovic, T., Lukinich-Gruia, A. T., Pricop, M.-A., & Șoica, C. (2026) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules31183337
Metadata
- Authors
- Al-Sheddi, E. S., Al-Zaid, N. A., Al-Oqail, M. M., Al-Massarani, S. M., El-Gamal, A. A., & Farshori, N. N.
- Venue
- Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal
- Published
- 2019-11
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1053-1060
- ISSN
- 1319-0164
- PMC
- PMC6978617
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 0
- Language
- en
- Funders
- Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University
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- Al-Sheddi, E. S., Al-Zaid, N. A., Al-Oqail, M. M., Al-Massarani, S. M., El-Gamal, A. A., & Farshori, N. N. (2019). Evaluation of cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by Anethum graveolens L. essential oil in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2019.09.001