Cited by 37Software Engineering Techniques and PracticesOpen Source Software InnovationsAdvanced Software Engineering Methodologies

Factors affecting Agile adoption: An industry research study of the mobile app sector in Saudi Arabia

Open access
Altuwaijri, Fahad S., Ferrario, Maria Angela·2022·Journal of Systems and Software

Abstract

Agile is an established software development methodology that helps develop software by improving time to market, quality, customer engagement and reducing costs. Factors underpinning its adoption have been widely researched. However, most of these studies have been conducted in developed countries, particularly Europe and North America, with only a handful carried out in developing countries, including the Middle East. This is problematic given the strategic and economic importance of the software industry in such places as Saudi Arabia, where Agile adoption remains in the early stages, despite heavy investment in this industry in recent years to diversify its oil-dependent economy. Therefore, this study empirically investigates the factors influencing Agile adoption by Saudi Arabian software small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). To this end, in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 software practitioners from three software SMEs. Our findings reveal that human factors, such as customer involvement, team capability, organisational culture and national culture, are considered the most impactful factors affecting the adoption of Agile as opposed to technical ones, such as the availability of specific tools or techniques.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.jss.2022.111347

Cites

4 of 4 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 63

  1. Abbas, N., Gravell, A.M., Wills, G.B., 2008. Historical roots of Agile methods: Where did 'Agile thinking' come from? In: International Conference on Agile Processes and Extreme Programming in Software Engineering. In: LNBIP, vol. 9, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 94-103.
  2. Abdullah, A., Rogerson, S., Fairweather, N.B., Prior, M., 2006. The motivations for change towards e-government adoption: Case studies from Saudi Arabia. E-Government Work. 6 (1), 1-21.
  3. Ahmad, A., Li, K., Feng, C., Asim, S.M., Yousif, A., Ge, S., 2018. An empirical study of investigating mobile applications development challenges. IEEE Access 6, 17711-17728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2818724. · DOI
  4. Al-Saggaf, Y., 2004. The effect of online community on offline community in Saudi Arabia, electron. J. Inf. Syst. Dev. Ctries. 16 (1), 1-16. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1002/j.1681-4835.2004.tb00103.x. · DOI
  5. Altuwaijri, F.S., Ferrario, M.A., 2021. Awareness and perception of Agile in Saudi software industry. In: 2021 IEEE/ACM 43rd International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering in Society. ICSE-SEIS, pp. 10-18.
  6. Asnawi, A.L., Gravell, A.M., Wills, G.B., 2012. Emergence of agile methods: Perceptions from software practitioners in Malaysia. In: Proceedings -Agile India 2012, AgileIndia 2012. pp. 30-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/AgileIndia. 2012. · DOI
  7. Ayed, H., Vanderose, B., Habra, N., 2017. Agile cultural challenges in Europe and Asia: Insights from practitioners. In: Proceedings -2017 IEEE/ACM 39th International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering in Practice Track, ICSE-SEIP 2017. pp. 153-162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICSE- SEIP.2017. · DOI
  8. Beck, K., et al., 2001. Manifesto for Agile software development, Agile Manifesto. [Online]. Available: http://agilemanifesto.org/. · DOI
  9. Begel, A., Nagappan, N., 2007. Usage and perceptions of agile software de- velopment in an industrial context: An exploratory study. In: The First IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement. ESEM, pp. 255-264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ESEM.2007. · DOI
  10. Boyatzis, R., 1998. Thematic Analysis and Code Development. Sage Publications, Inc. · DOI
  11. Chagas, A., Santos, M., Santana, C., Vasconcelos, A., 2015. The impact of human factors on agile projects. In: 2015 Agile Conference. pp. 87-91.
  12. Chiyangwa, T.B., Mnkandla, E., 2017. Modelling the critical success factors of agile software development projects in South Africa. South Afr. J. Inf. Manag. 19 (1), 1-8.
  13. Chow, T., Cao, D.B., 2008. A survey study of critical success factors in agile software projects. J. Syst. Softw. 81 (6), 961-971.
  14. Cockburn, A., Highsmith, J., 2001. Agile software development, the people factor. Computer (Long. Beach. Calif). 34 (11), 131-133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/2. 963450. · DOI
  15. Conboy, K., Coyle, S., Wang, X., Pikkarainen, M., 2011. People over process: Key challenges in agile development. IEEE Softw. 28 (4), 48-57. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1109/MS.2010.132. · DOI
  16. Corral, L., Sillitti, A., Succi, G., 2013. Software development processes for mobile systems: Is agile really taking over the business? In: 2013 IEEE 1st Interna- tional Workshop on the Engineering of Mobile-Enabled Systems. MOBS, pp. 19-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MOBS.2013.6614218. · DOI
  17. Corral, L., Sillitti, A., Succi, G., 2015. Software assurance practices for mobile applications: A survey of the state of the art. Computing 97 (10), 1001-1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00607-014-0395-8. · DOI
  18. Dyck, S., Majchrzak, T.A., 2012. Identifying common characteristics in fundamen- tal, integrated, and agile software development methodologies. In: IEEE 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. pp. 5299-5308.
  19. Easterbrook, S., Singer, J., Storey, M.A., Damian, D., 2008. Selecting empirical methods for software engineering research. In: Guide to Advanced Empirical Software Engineering. pp. 285-311.
  20. Field, A., 2017. Discovering Statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics, Vol. 58, fifth ed. Sage publications, London.
  21. Fortune, J., White, D., 2006. Framing of project critical success factors by a systems model. Int. J. Proj. Manage. 24 (1), 53-65.
  22. Gregory, P., Taylor, K., 2019. Defining agile culture: a collaborative and practitioner-led approach. In: 2019 IEEE/ACM 12th International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (CHASE). IEEE, Montreal, QC, Canada, pp. 37-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CHASE. 2019.00016. · DOI
  23. Guest, G., Namey, E., Chen, M., 2020. A simple method to assess and report thematic saturation in qualitative research. PLoS One 15 (5), 1-17.
  24. Highsmith, J., 2002. What is agile software development? J. Def. Softw. Eng. 15 (10), 4-9.
  25. Hoda, R., Noble, J., Marshall, S., 2011. The impact of inadequate customer collaboration on self-organizing Agile teams. Inf. Softw. Technol. 53 (5), 521-534.
  26. Hummel, M., Epp, A., 2015. Success factors of agile information systems devel- opment: A qualitative study. In: 48th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. pp. 5045-5054.
  27. Idris, A.M., 2007. Cultural barriers to improved organizational performance in Saudi Arabia. SAM Adv. Manag. J. 72 (2), 36-53.
  28. Iivari, J., Iivari, N., 2011. The relationship between organizational culture and the deployment of agile methods. Inf. Softw. Technol. 53 (5), 509-520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2010.10.008. · DOI
  29. Jamieson, S., 2004. Likert scales: how to (ab)use them. Med. Educ. 38 (12), 1217-1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2004.02012.x. · DOI
  30. Javdani Gandomani, T., Ziaei Nafchi, M., 2016. Agile transition and adoption human-related challenges and issues: A grounded theory approach. Comput. Hum. Behav. 62, 257-266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.04.009. · DOI
  31. Larman, C., Basili, V.R., 2003. Iterative and incremental development: A brief history. IEEE Comput. Soc. 36 (6), 47-56.
  32. Lindvall, M., et al., 2002. Empirical findings in agile methods. In: Conference on Extreme Programming and Agile Methods. pp. 197-207. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1007/3-540-45672-4_19. · DOI
  33. Livermore, J.A., 2008. Factors that significantly impact the implementation of an agile software development methodology. J. Softw. 3 (4), 31-36.
  34. Misra, S.C., Kumar, V., Kumar, U., 2009. Identifying some important success factors in adopting agile software development practices. J. Syst. Softw. 82 (11), 1869-1890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2009.05.052. · DOI
  35. Moshashai, D., Leber, A.M., Savage, J.D., 2020. Saudi arabia plans for its economic future: Vision 2030, the national transformation plan and saudi fiscal reform. Br. J. Middle East. Stud. 47 (3), 381-401.
  36. Nanthaamornphong, A., Wetprasit, R., 2016. A case study: Adoption of agile in Thailand. In: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Computer Science and Information Systems. ICACSIS 2016, pp. 585-590. http://dx.doi. org/10.1109/ICACSIS.2016.7872732. · DOI
  37. Ness, L.R., Fusch, P.I., 2015. Are we there yet? Data saturation in qualitative research. Qual. Rep. 20 (9), 1408-1416.
  38. Ozawa, H., Zhang, L., 2013. Adapting agile methodology to overcome social differences in project members. In: Proceedings -AGILE 2013. pp. 82-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/AGILE.2013. · DOI
  39. Rahimian, V., Ramsin, R., 2008. Designing an agile methodology for mobile software development: A hybrid method engineering approach. In: Proceed- ings of the IEEE 2nd International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science, RCIS 2008. pp. 337-342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/RCIS. 2008.4632123. · DOI
  40. Robinson, H., Sharp, H., 2005a. Organisational culture and XP: Three case studies. In: IEEE Agile Development Conference. ADC'05, pp. 49-58. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1109/ADC.2005. · DOI
  41. Robinson, H., Sharp, H., 2005b. The social side of technical practices. In: International Conference on Extreme Programming and Agile Processes in Software Engineering. pp. 100-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11499053_12. · DOI
  42. Rodríguez, P., Markkula, J., Oivo, M., Turula, K., 2012. Survey on agile and lean usage in finnish software industry. In: International IEEE Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement. pp. 139-148. http: //dx.doi.org/10.1145/2372251.2372275. · DOI
  43. Salinas, M.R.N., Neto, A.G.S.S., Emer, M.C.F.P., 2018. Concerns and limitations in agile software development: A survey with paraguayan companies. In: Communications in Computer and Information Science. Vol. 802. pp. 77-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73673-0_6. · DOI
  44. Salo, O., Abrahamsson, P., 2008. Agile methods in European embedded software development organisations: A survey on the actual use and usefulness of Extreme Programming and Scrum. IET Softw. 2 (1), 58-64. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1049/iet-sen:20070038. · DOI
  45. Santos, A., Kroll, J., Sales, A., Fernandes, P., 2016. Investigating the adoption of agile practices in mobile application development. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems. ICEIS 2016, pp. 490-497.
  46. Saunders, M., Lewis, P., Thornhill, A., 2016. Research Methods for Business Students, seventh ed. Pearson Education.
  47. Sheffield, J., Lemétayer, J., 2013. Factors associated with the software develop- ment agility of successful projects. Int. J. Proj. Manage. 31 (3), 459-472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2012.09.011. · DOI
  48. Sjoberg, D., Dyba, T., -2007 F. of Software, and U. 2007, M.J., 2007. The future of empirical methods in software engineering research. In: Future of Software Engineering. FOSE'07, IEEE, pp. 358-378.
  49. Sommerville, Ian, 2016. Agile software development. In: Software Engineering, tenth ed. Pearson Education, Addison-Wesley, Boston, US, pp. 40-70.
  50. Stankovic, D., Nikolic, V., Djordjevic, M., Cao, D.B., 2013. A survey study of critical success factors in agile software projects in former Yugoslavia IT companies. J. Syst. Softw. 86 (6), 1663-1678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2013.02.027. · DOI
  51. Statista, 2020b. Smartphone users worldwide. pp. 2016-2021, [Online]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/330695/number-of- smartphone-users-worldwide/.
  52. Stelzmann, E., Kreiner, C., Spork, G., Messnarz, R., Koenig, F., 2010. Agility meets systems engineering: A catalogue of success factors from industry practice. In: European Conference on Software Process Improvement. In: CCIS, vol. 99, pp. 245-256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15666-3_22. · DOI
  53. Strode, D.E., Huff, S.H., Tretiakov, A., 2009. The impact of organizational culture on agile method use. In: IEEE 42nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. pp. 1-9.
  54. Tam, C., da C. Moura, E.J., Oliveira, T., Varajão, J., 2020. The factors influencing the success of on-going agile software development projects. Int. J. Proj. Manage. 38 (3), 165-176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2020.02.001. · DOI
  55. Tendedez, H., Ferrario, M.A., Whittle, J., 2018. Software development and CSCW: Standardization and flexibility in large-scale agile development. In: Proceed- ings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction. p. 171. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1145/3274440. · DOI
  56. Tolfo, C., Wazlawick, R.S., 2008. The influence of organizational culture on the adoption of extreme programming. J. Syst. Softw. 81 (11), 1955-1967. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2008.01.014. · DOI
  57. Turner, D.W., 2010. Qualitative interview design: A practical guide for novice investigators. Qual. Rep. 15 (3), 754-760.
  58. van Kelle, E., Visser, J., Plaat, A., van der Wijst, P., 2015. An empirical study into social success factors for Agile software development. In: IEEE/ACM 8th International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering. pp. 77-80.
  59. Vithana, V.N., Asirvatham, D., Johar, M.G.M., 2018. An empirical study on using agile methods in global software development. In: 18th International Con- ference on Advances in ICT for Emerging Regions, ICTer 2018 -Proceedings. pp. 150-156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICTER.8615505. · DOI
  60. Wan, J., Wang, R., 2010. Empirical research on critical success factors of Agile software process improvement. J. Softw. Eng. Appl. 03 (12), 1131-1140. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jsea.2010.312132. · DOI
  61. Wasserman, A.I., 2010. Software engineering issues for mobile application de- velopment. In: Proceedings of the FSE/SDP Workshop on Future of Software Engineering Research -FoSER '10. pp. 397-400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/ 1882362.1882443. · DOI
  62. Winter, E., Forshaw, S., Ferrario, M.A., 2018. Measuring human values in software engineering. In: Proceedings of the 12th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement. pp. 1-4. http://dx.doi. org/10.1145/3239235.3267427. · DOI
  63. Winter, E., Forshaw, S., Hunt, L., Ferrario, M.A., 2019. Advancing the study of human values in software engineering. In: 2019 IEEE/ACM 12th International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering. CHASE, pp. 19-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CHASE.2019.00012. · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Altuwaijri, F. S., & Ferrario, M. A.
Affiliations
  • Qassim University (SA)
  • Queen's University Belfast (GB)
Corresponding author
Altuwaijri, Fahad S.
Venue
Journal of Systems and Software
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2022-08
Volume
190
Pages
111347
ISSN
0164-1212 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4224510357
Cited by
37
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 1
FWCI
8.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Systems and Software (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Qassim University
  • Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/R009600/1)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Software Engineering Techniques and Practices
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Science Applications › Open Source Software Innovations
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies
Keywords
agile adoption, agile software development, mobile application development, software SMEs, Saudi Arabia, customer involvement, team competence, organizational culture, national culture, human factors

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review