Race and income disparity in ischemic stroke care: nationwide inpatient sample database, 2002 to 2008

Kimball, Matthew M.; Neal, Dan; Waters, Michael F.; Hoh, Brian L.

doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2012.06.004

Cited by 99Acute Ischemic Stroke ManagementHealth disparities and outcomesEmergency and Acute Care Studies

Race and income disparity in ischemic stroke care: nationwide inpatient sample database, 2002 to 2008

Kimball, Matthew M., Neal, Dan, Waters, Michael F., Hoh, Brian L.·2014·Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases

DOI 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2012.06.004

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Background Health care disparities exist between demographic groups with stroke. We examined whether patients of particular ethnicity or income levels experienced reduced access to or delays in receiving stroke care.Methods We studied all admissions for ischemic stroke in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database between 2002 and 2008. We used statistical models to determine whether median income or race were associated with intravenous (i.v.) thrombolysis treatment, in-hospital mortality, discharge disposition, hospital charges, and LOS in high- or low-volume hospitals.Results There were a total of 477,474 patients with ischemic stroke: 10,781 (2.3%) received i.v. thrombolysis, and 380,400 (79.7%) were treated in high-volume hospitals. Race (P < .0001) and median income (P < .001) were significant predictors of receiving i.v. thrombolysis, and minorities and low-income patients were less likely to receive i.v. thrombolysis. Median income was a predictor of access to high-volume hospitals (P < .0001), with wealthier patients more likely to be treated in high-volume hospitals, which had lower mortality rates (P = .0002). Patients in high-volume hospitals were 1.84 times more likely to receive i.v. thrombolysis (P < .0001).Conclusions African Americans, Hispanics, and low median income patients are less likely to receive i.v. thrombolysis for ischemic stroke. Low median income patients are less likely to be treated at high-volume hospitals. High-volume hospitals have lower mortality rates and a higher likelihood of treating patients with i.v. thrombolysis. There is evidence for an influence of socioeconomic status and racial disparity in the treatment of ischemic stroke.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2012.06.004

Cites

34 of 34 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

When guidelines are vague and transfer practices are varied, opportunities for structural and interpersonal discrimination can arise.
“Still, when guidelines are vague and transfer practices are varied, opportunities for structural and interpersonal discrimination can arise.”
From Racial and ethnic disparities in interhospital transfer for complex emergency general surgical disease across the United States (2023) · cites this paper as [13]
The selection of covariates was made a priori based on factors known to influence interhospital transfer.
“The selection of covariates was made a priori based on factors known to influence IHT.”
From Racial and ethnic disparities in interhospital transfer for complex emergency general surgical disease across the United States (2023) · cites this paper as [13]

Comorbidity measures for use with administrative data.
Elixhauser, A., Steiner, C., Harris, D. R., & Coffey, R. M. (1998) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199801000-00004 · Cited by 9,921 · see citing works
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2010 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
WRITING GROUP MEMBERS, Lloyd-Jones, D., Adams, R. J., Brown, T. M., Carnethon, M., Dai, S., De Simone, G., Ferguson, T. B., Ford, E., Furie, K., et al. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.109.192667 · Cited by 5,700 · see citing works
Executive Summary: Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2010 Update
WRITING GROUP MEMBERS, Lloyd‐Jones, D. M., Adams, R. J., Brown, T. M., Carnethon, M. R., Dai, S., SIMONE, G. D., Ferguson, T. B., Ford, E. S., Furie, K. L., et al. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.109.192666 · Cited by 1,358 · see citing works
Early stroke treatment associated with better outcome
Marler, J. R., Tilley, B. C., Lü, M., Brott, T. G., Lyden, P., Grotta, J. C., Broderick, J. P., Levine, S. R., Frankel, M., Horowitz, S. H., et al. (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.55.11.1649 · Cited by 856 · see citing works
Expansion of the Time Window for Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke With Intravenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator
del Zoppo, G. J., Saver, J. L., Jauch, E. C., & Adams, H. P. (2009) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.109.192535 · Cited by 827 · see citing works
Eight Americas: investigating mortality disparities across races, counties, and race-counties in the United States.
Murray, C. J. L., Kulkarni, S. C., Michaud, C., Tomijima, N., Bulzacchelli, M. T., Iandiorio, T. J., & Ezzati, M. (2006) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030260 · Cited by 762 · see citing works
The Importance of Place of Residence: Examining Health in Rural and Nonrural Areas
Eberhardt, M. S., & Pamuk, E. R. (2004) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.94.10.1682 · Cited by 646 · see citing works
Thrombolysis with alteplase 3–4·5 h after acute ischaemic stroke (SITS-ISTR): an observational study
Wahlgren, N. G., Ahmed, N., Dávalos, A., Hacke, W., Millán, M., Muir, K. W., Roine, R. O., Toni, D., & Lees, K. R. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61339-2 · Cited by 570 · see citing works
Racial-Ethnic Disparities in Stroke Care: The American Experience
Cruz‐Flores, S., Rabinstein, A. A., Biller, J., Elkind, M. S. V., Griffith, P. A., Gorelick, P. B., Howard, G., Leira, E. C. C., Morgenstern, L. B., Ovbiagele, B. I., et al. (2011) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0b013e3182213e24 · Cited by 508 · see citing works
Use of Census-based Aggregate Variables to Proxy for Socioeconomic Group: Evidence from National Samples
Geronimus, A. T., & Bound, J. (1998) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009673 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Association Between Stroke Center Hospitalization for Acute Ischemic Stroke and Mortality
Xian, Y. (2011) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2011.22 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Delay in presentation and evaluation for acute stroke : Stroke time registry for outcomes knowledge and epidemiology (S. T. R. O. K. E.)
Lacy, C., Suh, D., Bueno, M., & Kostis, J. (2001) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.32.1.63 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Effect of Socioeconomic Status on Treatment and Mortality After Stroke
Kapral, M. K., Wang, H., Mamdani, M., & Tu, J. V. (2002) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/hs0102.101169 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Utilization of Intravenous Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator for Ischemic Stroke at Academic Medical Centers
Johnston, S. C., Fung, L., Gillum, L. A., Smith, W. S., Brass, L. M., Lichtman, J. H., & Brown, A. N. (2001) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.32.5.1061 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Cause-Specific Mortality
Howard, G., Anderson, R. T., Russell, G. B., Howard, V. J., & Burke, G. L. (2000) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s1047-2797(00)00038-7 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Factors Explaining Excess Stroke Prevalence in the US Stroke Belt
Liao, Y.-L., Greenlund, K., Croft, J., Keenan, N. L., & Giles, W. (2009) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.109.561688 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Rural-urban differences in acute stroke management practices: a modifiable disparity.
Leira, E. C. C., Hess, D. C., Torner, J. C., & Adams, H. P. (2008) · PubMed · doi:10.1001/archneur.65.7.887 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Use of Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample 1999 to 2004
Schumacher, H. C., Bateman, B. T., Boden-Albala, B. M., Berman, M. F., Mohr, J. P., Sacco, R. L., & Pile‐Spellman, J. (2007) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.01.021 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Factors Associated With In-Hospital Mortality After Administration of Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients
Bateman, B. T., Schumacher, H. C., Boden-Albala, B. M., Berman, M. F., Mohr, J. P., Sacco, R. L., & Pile‐Spellman, J. (2006) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000199851.24668.f1 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Socioeconomic Differences in Stroke Incidence and Prognosis Under a Universal Healthcare System
Cesaroni, G., Agabiti, N., Forastiere, F., & Perucci, C. A. (2009) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.108.542944 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Racial Disparities in Tissue Plasminogen Activator Treatment Rate for Stroke
Hsia, A. W., Edwards, D. F., Morgenstern, L. B., Wing, J. J., Brown, N. C., Coles, R., Loftin, S., Wein, A., Koslosky, S. S., Fatima, S., et al. (2011) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.111.613828 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Hospital volume and stroke outcome
Saposnik, G., Baibergenova, A., O'Donnell, M., Hill, M., Kapral, M., & Hachinski, V. (2007) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000268485.93349.58 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Helicopter Transport of Stroke Patients and Its Influence on Thrombolysis Rates
Reiner-Deitemyer, V., Teuschl, Y., Matz, K., Reiter, M., Eckhardt, R., Seyfang, L., Tatschl, C., Brainin, M., & for the Austrian Stroke Unit Registry Collaborators (2011) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.110.604710 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Rural Epidemiology: Insights from a Rural Population Laboratory
Pearson, T. A., & Lewis, C. (1998) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009571 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Emergency Department Waiting Time for Stroke Patients in the United States
Karve, S. J., Balkrishnan, R., Mohammad, Y. M., & Levine, D. A. (2010) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2009.10.006 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Stroke in Minorities
Trimble, B. A., & Morgenstern, L. B. (2008) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2008.05.010 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Racial/ethnic disparities in access to physician care and medications among US stroke survivors
Levine, D. A., Neidecker, M. V., Kiefe, C. I., Karve, S. J., Williams, L. S., & Allison, J. J. (2010) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e318203e952 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Socioeconomic Status, Hospital Volume, and Stroke Fatality in Canada
Saposnik, G., Jeerakathil, T., Selchen, D. H., Baibergenova, A., Hachinski, V., & Kapral, M. K. (2008) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.108.521344 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Intravenous Thrombolysis for Stroke Increases Over Time at Primary Stroke Centers
Prabhakaran, S., McNulty, M. L., O’Neill, K. E., & Ouyang, B. (2011) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.111.640060 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Regional Implementation of the Stroke Systems of Care Model
Gropen, T., Magdon-Ismail, Z., Day, D., Melluzzo, S., & Schwamm, L. H. (2009) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.108.531053 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Association Between Stroke Center Hospitalization for Acute Ischemic Stroke and Mortality
Xian, Y., Holloway, R. G., Chan, P. S., Noyes, K., Shah, M. N., Ting, H. H., Chappel, A. R., Peterson, E. D., & Friedman, B. (2012) · Survey of Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/01.sa.0000412372.89068.f9 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Racial and Geographic Differences in Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Control of Dyslipidemia: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study
Zweifler, R. M., McClure, L. A., Howard, V. J., Cushman, M., Hovater, M. K., Safford, M. M., Howard, G., & Goff, D. C. (2011) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000328258 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Organization of a United States County System for Comprehensive Acute Stroke Care
Cramer, S. C., Stradling, D., Brown, D. M., Carrillo-Nunez, I. M., Ciabarra, A., Cummings, M., Dauben, R. D., Lombardi, D., Patel, N. J., Traynor, E. N., et al. (2012) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.111.635334 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Telestroke in South Carolina
Lazaridis, C., DeSantis, S. M., Jauch, E. C., & Adams, R. J. (2011) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2011.11.008 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Stroke risk factors, genetics, and prevention
Boehme, A. K., Esenwa, C., & Elkind, M. S. V. (2017) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.116.308398 · Cited by 1,952 · see citing works
Racial disparities in neurologic health care access and utilization in the United States
Saadi, A., Himmelstein, D. U., Woolhandler, S. J., & Mejia, N. I. (2017) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000004025 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Racial and Gender Disparities Among Patients with Gout
Singh, J. A. (2012) · Current Rheumatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11926-012-0307-x · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Ordinal vs dichotomous analyses of modified Rankin Scale, 5-year outcome, and cost of stroke
Ganesh, A., Luengo-Fernández, R., Wharton, R. M., & Rothwell, P. M. (2018) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000006554 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Progressive rural–urban disparity in acute stroke care
Gonzales, S., Mullen, M. T., Skolarus, L. E., Thibault, D. P., Udoeyo, U., & Willis, A. W. (2017) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000003562 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Evidence-Based Disparities in Stroke Care Metrics and Outcomes in the United States: A Systematic Review
Ikeme, S., Kottenmeier, E., Uzochukwu, G., & Brinjikji, W. (2022) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.121.036263 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Perceived discrimination in medical settings and perceived quality of care: A population-based study in Chicago
Benjamins, M. R., & Middleton, M. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0215976 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Acute Ischemic Stroke Interventions in the United States and Racial, Socioeconomic, and Geographic Disparities
de Havenon, A., Sheth, K., Johnston, K. C., Delic, A., Stulberg, E. L., Majersik, J., Anadani, M., Yaghi, S. R., Tirschwell, D., & Ney, J. P. (2021) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000012943 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Comparison of Clinical Care and In-Hospital Outcomes of Asian American and White Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Song, S. Y., Liang, L., Fonarow, G. C., Smith, E. E., Bhatt, D. L., Matsouaka, R., Xian, Y., Schwamm, L. H., & Saver, J. L. (2019) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.4410 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Racial Disparities in Intravenous Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Use Persist at Primary Stroke Centers
Aparicio, H. J., Carr, B. G., Kasner, S. E., Kallan, M. J., Albright, K. C., Kleindorfer, D., & Mullen, M. T. (2015) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.115.001877 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Race and Sex Disparities in Prehospital Recognition of Acute Stroke
Govindarajan, P., Friedman, B. T., Delgadillo, J. Q., Ghilarducci, D. P., Cook, L. J., Grimes, B. A., McCulloch, C. E., & Johnston, S. C. (2015) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/acem.12595 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
The effects of telemedicine on racial and ethnic disparities in access to acute stroke care
Lyerly, M. J., Wu, T.-C., Mullen, M. T., Albright, K. C., Wolff, C., Boehme, A. K., Branas, C. C., Grotta, J. C., Savitz, S. I., & Carr, B. G. (2016) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1177/1357633x15589534 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Individual and system contributions to race and sex disparities in thrombolysis use for stroke patients in the US
Faigle, R., Urrutia, V., Cooper, L., & Gottesman, R. (2017) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.116.015056 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Socioeconomic disparities in prehospital stroke care
Niklasson, A., Herlitz, J. D., & Jood, K. (2019) · Scandinavian Journal of Trauma Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13049-019-0630-6 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Community and Hospital Factors Associated With Stroke Center Certification in the United States, 2009 to 2017
Shen, Y., Chen, G., & Hsia, R. Y.-J. (2019) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.7855 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Legal and ethical implications in the evaluation and management of sports-related concussion
Kirschen, M. P., Tsou, A. Y., Nelson, S. B., Russell, J. A., & Larriviere, D. G. (2014) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000000613 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Minority Representation in Migraine Treatment Trials
Robbins, N. M., & Bernat, J. L. (2017) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/head.13018 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Racial disparities in total ankle arthroplasty utilization and outcomes
Singh, J. A., & Ramachandran, R. (2015) · Arthritis Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0589-2 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Impact of transfer status on hospitalization cost and discharge disposition for acute ischemic stroke across the US
Sonig, A., Lin, N., Krishna, C., Natarajan, S. K., Mokin, M. V., Hopkins, L. N., Snyder, K. V., Levy, E. I., & Siddiqui, A. H. (2015) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/2015.4.jns141631 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Money is Brain: Financial Barriers and Consequences for Canadian Stroke Patients
Ganesh, A., King‐Shier, K. M., Manns, B., Hill, M. D., & Campbell, D. J. T. (2016) · Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques · doi:10.1017/cjn.2016.411 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Professional Medical Interpreters Influence the Quality of Acute Ischemic Stroke Care for Patients Who Speak Languages Other than English
Luan-Erfe, B. M., Siddiqui, K. A., Schwamm, L. H., Kirwan, C., Nunes, A. M., & Mejia, N. I. (2017) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.117.006175 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Trends in Stroke Thrombolysis Care Metrics and Outcomes by Race and Ethnicity, 2003-2021
Man, S., Solomon, N. C., Grory, B. M., Alhanti, B., Saver, J. L., Smith, E. E., Xian, Y., Bhatt, D. L., Schwamm, L. H., Uchino, K., et al. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.52927 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Reducing neurodisparity
Marulanda-Londoño, E. T., Bell, M. W., Hope, O. A., Leacock, R. O., O’Carroll, C. B., Posas, J. H., Stover, N. P., Young, R. A., & Hamilton, R. H. (2019) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000006874 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Population-Based Analysis of Hospitalizations in the United States
Rumalla, K., & Mittal, M. K. (2016) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.03.044 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Acute Ischemic Stroke Treatment Within a Telestroke Network
Ajinkya, S., Almallouhi, E., Turner, N., Kasab, S. A., & Holmstedt, C. A. (2019) · Telemedicine Journal and e-Health · doi:10.1089/tmj.2019.0127 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Race and socioeconomic disparity in treatment and outcome of traumatic cervical spinal cord injury with fracture: Nationwide Inpatient Sample database, 1998–2009
Dru, A. B., Reichwage, B. D., Neal, D. W., Vaziri, S., Lockney, D. T., Fox, W. C., Hoh, B. L., & Hoh, D. J. (2019) · Spinal Cord · doi:10.1038/s41393-019-0280-6 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citation
Low Socioeconomic Status Is Associated With Increased Complication Rates: Are Risk Adjustment Models Necessary in Cervical Spine Surgery?
Lieber, A. M., Boniello, A. J., Kerbel, Y. E., Petrucelli, P. M., Kavuri, V. C., Jakoi, A. M., & Khalsa, A. S. (2019) · Global Spine Journal · doi:10.1177/2192568219874763 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Reperfusion Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Buus, S. M. Ø., Schmitz, M. L., Cordsen, P., Johnsen, S. P., Andersen, G., & Simonsen, C. Z. (2022) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.121.037687 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Patient Age and the Outcomes after Decompressive Hemicraniectomy for Stroke: A Nationwide Inpatient Sample Analysis
Dasenbrock, H. H., Robertson, F. C., Aziz‐Sultan, M. A., Guittieres, D., Du, R., Dunn, I. F., & Gormley, W. B. (2016) · Neurocritical Care · doi:10.1007/s12028-016-0287-1 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Identifying Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Interhospital Transfer: an Observational Study
Shannon, E., Schnipper, J., & Mueller, S. K. (2020) · Journal of general internal medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-020-06046-z · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Education Level and Inequalities in Stroke Reperfusion Therapy
Stecksén, A., Glader, E., Asplund, K., Norrving, B. G., & Eriksson, M. (2014) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.114.005323 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Trends in Ethnic Disparities in Stroke Care and Long-Term Outcomes
Emmett, E. S., O’Connell, M. D. L., Pei, R., Douiri, A., Wyatt, D., Bhalla, A., Wolfe, C. D. A., & Marshall, I. J. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.53252 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Comorbid Psychiatric Disease Is Associated With Lower Rates of Thrombolysis in Ischemic Stroke
Bongiorno, D. M., Daumit, G. L., Gottesman, R. F., & Faigle, R. (2018) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.117.020295 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Socioeconomic Status And Acute Stroke Care: Has The Inequality Gap Been Closed?
Hyldgård, V. B., Johnsen, S. P., Støvring, H., & Søgaard, R. (2019) · Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.2147/clep.s218322 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Socioeconomic Status Is Associated with Risk of Above-knee Amputation After Periprosthetic Joint Infection of the Knee
Lieber, A. M., Kirchner, G. J., Kerbel, Y. E., Moretti, V. M., Vakil, J. J., & Brahmabhatt, S. (2019) · Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · doi:10.1097/corr.0000000000000634 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Disparities in Emergency Medical Services Use, Prehospital Notification, and Symptom Onset to Arrival in Patients With Acute Stroke
Royan, R., Stamm, B. J., Lin, T. R., Baird, J. B., Becker, C. J., Karb, R. A., Burton, T. M., Kleindorfer, D., Prabhakaran, S., & Madsen, T. E. (2024) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.124.070694 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Insurance Status Influences the Rates of Reportable Quality Metrics in Brain Tumor Patients
Hooten, K. G., Neal, D. W., Lovatón-Espadín, R., Gil, J. N., Azari, H., & Rahman, M. (2015) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/neu.0000000000000594 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citation
Lack of Racial, Ethnic, and Sex Disparities in Ischemic Stroke Care Metrics within a Tele-Stroke Network
Reddy, S. T., Wu, T., Zhang, J., Rahbar, M. H., Ankrom, C. M., Zha, A. M., Cossey, T. D., Aertker, B. M., Vahidy, F., Parsha, K., et al. (2020) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105418 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Racial Inequities Across Rural Strata in Acute Stroke Care and In-Hospital Mortality: National Trends Over 6 Years
Hammond, G., Waken, R. J., Johnson, D. Y., Towfighi, A., & Maddox, K. E. J. (2022) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.121.035006 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
The impact of ethnic/racial status on access to care and outcomes after stroke: A narrative systematic review
Green, T., Singh, P., & King‐Shier, K. M. (2019) · Journal of Vascular Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.jvn.2019.07.002 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Association of Neighborhood Deprivation With Thrombolysis and Thrombectomy for Acute Stroke in a Health System With Universal Access
Taghdiri, F., Vyas, M. V., Kapral, M. K., Lapointe‐Shaw, L., Austin, P. C., Tse, P., Porter, J., Chen, Y., Fang, J., & Yu, A. (2023) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000207924 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Disparities in Access to Reperfusion Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke (DARTS): A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status, and Geographical Factors
Biswas, R., Wijeratne, T., Zeleňák, K., Huasen, B. B., Iacobucci, M., Killingsworth, M. C., Beran, R. G., Gebreyohanns, M., Sekhar, A., Khurana, D., et al. (2025) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-025-01161-z · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Temporal Trends in Stroke Thrombolysis in the US by Race and Ethnicity, 2009-2018
Suolang, D., Chen, B. J., Wang, N., Gottesman, R. F., & Faigle, R. (2021) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2021.12966 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Revisiting racial disparities in access to surgical management of drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy post implementation of Affordable Care Act
Sharma, K., Kalakoti, P., Henry, M., Mishra, V., Riel-Romero, R. M. S., Notarianni, C., Nanda, A., & Sun, H. (2017) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2017.05.001 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
The good doctor
Tsou, A. Y., Creutzfeldt, C. J., & Gordon, J. M. (2013) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53501-6.00009-3 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Creation and Validation of a Stroke Scale to Increase Utility of National Inpatient Sample Administrative Data for Clinical Stroke Research
Patel, P. D., Salwi, S. R., Liles, C., Mistry, A. M., Mistry, E. A., Fusco, M. R., Chitale, R. V., & Shannon, C. N. (2021) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105658 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Collaborative Interventions Reduce Time-to-Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke in a Public Safety Net Hospital
Threlkeld, Z. D., Kozak, B. M., McCoy, D. B., Cole, S., Martin, C., & Singh, V. (2017) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.03.004 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
United States trends in thrombolysis for older adults with acute ischemic stroke
George, B. P., Asemota, A. O., Dorsey, E. R., Haider, A. H., Smart, B. J., Urrutia, V., & Schneider, E. B. (2015) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2015.08.031 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The State of Cardiovascular Disease in G20+ Countries
Atun, R. A. (2022) · HPHR Journal · doi:10.54111/0001/hsil/cvdg20 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Rural-urban stroke mortality gaps in the United States
Chang, D., Ibrahim, R., Pham, H. N., Sainbayar, E., Shahid, M., Makkieh, M., Abbad, H., Lee, J. Z., Mamas, M. A., & Lee, J. Z. (2024) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107762 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Relationship Between Language Preference and Intravenous Thrombolysis Among Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients
Luan-Erfe, B. M., Siddiqui, K. A., Schwamm, L. H., & Mejia, N. I. (2016) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.116.003782 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Association between socioeconomic status and prognosis after ischemic stroke in South China
Wang, S., Shen, B., Wei, L., Wu, M., & Wang, J. (2019) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1080/01616412.2019.1630165 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Acute ischaemic stroke outcomes following mechanical thrombectomy in the elderly versus their younger counterpart: a retrospective cohort study
Villwock, M. R., Singla, A. K., Padalino, D. J., & Deshaies, E. M. (2014) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004480 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Racial and ethnic disparities in interhospital transfer for complex emergency general surgical disease across the United States
Iantorno, S. E., Bucher, B. T., Horns, J. J., & McCrum, M. L. (2023) · Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery · doi:10.1097/ta.0000000000003856 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Association of race, ethnicity and insurance status with outcomes for patients with acute pulmonary embolism treated by PERT: a retrospective observational study
Rehman, A., Singh, A. K., Sridhar, P., Wang, H. Y., Velo, A. E., Nguyen, D., Ehrlich, M., Lookstein, R., & Steiger, D. J. (2024) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/s12931-024-02872-5 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Are there socio-economic inequities in access to reperfusion therapy: The stroke 69 cohort
Perrin, A., Freyssenge, J., Haesebaert, J., Tazarourte, K., Termoz, A., Grimaud, O., Derex, L., Viprey, M., & Schott, A. (2021) · Revue Neurologique · doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2021.02.394 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Endovascular Therapy or Alteplase in Patients with Comorbidities: Insights from UNMASK EVT
Ganesh, A., Kashani, N., Ospel, J. M., Wilson, A. T., Foss, M. M., Saposnik, G., Almekhlafi, M., Goyal, M., Menon, B. K., & Hill, M. D. (2020) · Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques · doi:10.1017/cjn.2020.158 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Index-Based Inequality in Quality of Care: An Empirical Comparison of Apples and Pears
Hyldgård, V. B., Johnsen, S. P., & Søgaard, R. (2021) · Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.2147/clep.s311813 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Stroke Reperfusion Therapy in the USA
Faigle, R. (2023) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-023-01388-y · Cited by 9 · see citing works
A narrative review of stroke incidence, risk factors and treatment in Indigenous Peoples of the world
Santos, A. D., Balabanski, A. H., Katzenellenbogen, J. M., Thrift, A. G., Burchill, L. J., & Parsons, M. W. (2021) · Vessel Plus · doi:10.20517/2574-1209.2020.69 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Influence of Racial Differences on Outcomes after Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Mishra, N. K., Mandava, P., Chen, C., Grotta, J. C., Lees, K. R., & Kent, T. A. (2013) · International Journal of Stroke · doi:10.1111/ijs.12162 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Achieving Diagnostic Equity in Cardiovascular Disease
Sarkar, U., & Bibbins-Domingo, K. B. (2022) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2022.14424 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Temporal Trends and Patient Characteristics Associated With Drug Utilisation After First-Ever Stroke: Insights From Chronic Disease Registry Data in Singapore
Yeo, S., Toh, M. P. H., Lee, S. H., Seet, R. C. S., Wong, L. Y., & Yau, W. (2020) · Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore · doi:10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2019196 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Evaluation of Differences Between Non-Hispanic White and African American Patients With Sports Medicine–Related Hip Disabilities
Brown, M. C., Udawatta, T., Flesch, L., Strnad, G. J., Briskin, I. N., Jones, M. H., Kaar, S. G., Rosneck, J. T., & Farrow, L. D. (2022) · Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/23259671211069944 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Lessons Learned From the Historical Trends on Thrombolysis Use for Acute Ischemic Stroke Among Medicare Beneficiaries in the United States
Meng, T., Trickey, A. W., Harris, A. H. S., Matheson, L. W., Rosenthal, S. W., Traboulsi, A. A.-R., Saver, J. L., Wagner, T. H., & Govindarajan, P. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.827965 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Sex and Economic Disparity Related to Reperfusion Therapies for Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke in South Korea across a 10-Year Period: A Nationwide Population-Based Study Using the National Health Insurance Database
Moon, J., Shin, J., Lee, J., Jeong, H. J., Kim, H., An, J., Jo, S. H., Ko, K., & Choi, J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19053050 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Is the socioeconomic inequality in stroke prognosis changing over time and does quality of care play a role?
Hyldgård, V. B., Søgaard, R., Valentin, J. B., Lange, T., Damgaard, D., & Johnsen, S. P. (2022) · European Stroke Journal · doi:10.1177/23969873221146591 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Changes in Medicare Physician Reimbursement for Stroke Procedures from 2000 to 2019
Pines, A. R., Haglin, J. M., & Demaerschalk, B. M. (2021) · Neurosurgery Practice · doi:10.1093/neuopn/okab003 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Social inequalities and gender differences in healthcare management of acute ischaemic stroke in France
Naouri, D., Allain, S., Féry-Lemonnier, É., Wolff, V., Derex, L., Raynaud, P., & Costemalle, V. (2022) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.15490 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Neighborhood socioeconomic status and stroke mortality
Sposato, L. A., & Grimaud, O. (2013) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182815564 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Novel Network Analysis of County- and Individual-Level Factors Associated With Functional Outcomes After Stroke
Jones, A. A., Zhou, L. W., Castro, N. M., Palepu, A., Panenka, W. J., Rutherford, A. R., Honer, W. G., Smith, E. E., & Field, T. S. (2025) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.124.048336 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Variations in Methodological Approaches to Measuring Health Inequalities and Inequities: A Scoping Review of Acute Stroke Pathways
McCarthy, S., McMeekin, P. J., Allen, M. J., James, M. A., Laws, A. S. E., McCarthy, A., McClelland, G., Moseley, L., Park, L., Phillips, D., et al. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13121410 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Longitudinal changes in the US emergency department use of advanced neuroimaging in the mechanical thrombectomy era
Mamer, L., Kocher, K. E., Cranford, J. A., & Scott, P. (2024) · Emergency Radiology · doi:10.1007/s10140-024-02260-y · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Access disparities to Magnet hospitals for ischemic stroke patients
Bekelis, K., Missios, S., & MacKenzie, T. A. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2017.05.011 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
An overview of risk factors for stroke
Koltsova, E. A., Petrova, E. A., & Borshch, Y. V. (2022) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro202212212212 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Relationships among hospital acute ischemic stroke volumes, hospital characteristics, and outcomes in the US
McCarthy, L., Daniel, D., Santos, D., & Dhamoon, M. S. (2023) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107170 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Management of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Variation in Clinical Practice and Unmet Need for Follow-up among Survivors–A Single-Center Perspective
Nouh, C. D., Samkutty, D., Chandrashekhar, S., Santucci, J. A., Ford, L., Xu, C., Hollabaugh, K. M., Bohnstedt, B. N., & Ray, B. S. (2020) · World Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2020.04.067 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Prehospital Stroke Treatment (EMS Stabilization Protocols)
Jauch, E. C., French, D. M., & McGeorge, T. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17750-2_2 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Comparison of stroke process measures and clinical outcomes between English and Non-English preferring patients
Le, D., Mullen, M. T., Lin, W., Katz, P. M., & Hellerslia, V. T. (2024) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107880 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Association of Race or Ethnicity With Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Production in Escherichia Coli : A Case Control Study
Hemenway, A. N., Biagi, M. J., Murrey, T. F., Sun, J., Osei-Badu, E., Salazar-McKinney, A., Sanabria, R., & Zoubi, M. A. (2024) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofae516 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Does Exposure to Certified Stroke Centers Affect All Communities Equitably? Stroke Patient Outcomes by Community Socioeconomic Status
Shen, Y., Kim, A. S., & Hsia, R. Y.-J. (2025) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2025.05.015 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
National Versus State-Level Racial Disparities in Acute Stroke Interventions Using Get With The Guidelines-Stroke Data
Kim, J. A., Herman, A. L., Shrader, P. J., Alhanti, B., Xian, Y., Falcone, G. J., Grory, B. M., Smith, E. E., Messe, S. R., de Havenon, A., et al. (2025) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.124.050446 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Quality adjusted life year gains associated with administration of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator for treatment of acute ischemic stroke: 1998–2011
Lubeck, D. P., Danese, M. D., Duryea, J. L., Halperin, M., Tayama, D., Yu, E., Lalla, D., & Grotta, J. C. (2016) · International Journal of Stroke · doi:10.1177/1747493015609776 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Adherence to practice parameters in Medicare beneficiaries with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Laurido-Soto, O., Faust, I. M., Nielsen, S. S., & Racette, B. A. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0304083 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Closing the Socioeconomic Gap in Massachusetts: Trends in Total Hip Arthroplasty From 2013 to 2015
Mohamed, N. S., Remily, E. A., Wilkie, W. A., Jean-Pierre, M., Jean-Pierre, N., Edalatpour, A., Abraham, M. M., & Delanois, R. E. (2020) · Orthopedics · doi:10.3928/01477447-20201210-05 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Secular Trends in Ischemic Stroke Subtypes
Bogiatzi, C. (2013) · Scholarship@Western (Western University) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Definitions and Descriptions
Berkman, J. M., Budhu, J. A., Torres, J., & Saadi, A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-62727-9_1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Financial Concerns Are Common Among Family Surrogate Decision-Makers of Patients With Stroke
Becker, C. J., Baker, J. E., Zhang, G., Conyers, F. G., Shi, X., Kwicklis, M., Lank, R. J., Ortiz, C., Case, E. C., Springer, M. V., et al. (2025) · Neurology Clinical Practice · doi:10.1212/cpj.0000000000200451 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Perceived Discrimination in Healthcare Settings is Associated with Medication Side Effects and Adherence: A Cross-Sectional Survey Representing the Four Largest Ethnic Groups in the UK
Webster, R., & Iyer, A. (2025) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-025-02403-y · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Impact of ICD-9 Revascularization Procedure Codes on Estimates of Racial Disparities in Ischemic Stroke
Boan, A. D., Voeks, J. H., Feng, W., Bachman, D., Jauch, E. C., Adams, R. J., Ovbiagele, B., & Lackland, D. T. (2014) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.06.008 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Higher complication rates after management of lower extremity fractures in lower socioeconomic classes: Are risk adjustment models necessary?
Henstenburg, J. M., Lieber, A. M., Boniello, A. J., Kerbel, Y. E., & Shah, M. (2020) · Trauma · doi:10.1177/1460408620975693 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Disparities in health services and outcomes by National Health Insurance membership type for ischemic heart disease and stroke in Indonesia: analysis of claims, 2017–2022
Darmawan, E. S., Hasibuan, S. R., Permanasari, V. Y., & Kusuma, D. P. (2025) · Global Health Research and Policy · doi:10.1186/s41256-025-00432-y · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Race and Racism in Social Emergency Medicine
Bains, S., Colbert, C. M., & Rios, M. D. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-65672-0_2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Too much data, and still not enough information
Reilly, J. P. (2015) · Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions · doi:10.1002/ccd.26248
Neighborhood socioeconomic status and stroke mortality: Disentangling individual and area effects
Mittal, M. K., & McCormick, J. B. (2013) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000434339.51805.60
Does the responsibility patients exert determine their opportunities for best clinical practice in the healthcare system?
Hyldgård, V. B., Johnsen, S. P., Støvring, H., Albertsen, A. B., & Søgaard, R. (2021) · Nordic Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.5617/njhe.7822
Outcomes of ischemic stroke in safety-net hospitals
Zhan, M., & Man, S. (2025) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2025.108453
Additional file 1 of Association of race, ethnicity and insurance status with outcomes for patients with acute pulmonary embolism treated by PERT: a retrospective observational study
Rehman, A., Singh, A., Sridhar, P., Wang, H. Y., Velo, A., Nguyen, D., Ehrlich, M., Lookstein, R., & Steiger, D. J. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26094366
Epidemiology and determinants of cardiovascular disease in Indigenous populations
McBride, K. F., Oguoma, V. M., Rolleston, A. K., Grey, C., Deen, J. F., Warne, D. K., Azzopardi, P. S., Reading, J., & Brown, A. D. H. (2026) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-026-01314-7

Abstract WP257: Persistent Racial Disparity Despite Higher Income in Odds of Receiving Mechanical Thrombectomy and Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke Admissions 2006-2021
Chintaluru, Y., Promruksa, J., Atchaneeyasakul, K. C., Liebeskind, D. S., Otite, F. O., & ALLOfUS Stroke Network (2025) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.56.suppl_1.wp257
Socioeconomic and Demographic Influences on Thrombolysis, Inpatient Course, Disposition, and Near‐Term Mortality in Ischemic Stroke: Analysis of the United States National Inpatient Sample Database
Ogunniyi, K. E., Oludele, H. D., Akano, O. S., Adeleke, O. D., Tolu-Akinnawo, O. Z., Ogieuhi, I. J., Ezekwueme, F., Oluwadare, M., Oputa, O., Rasberry, K., et al. (2025) · Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ncn3.70055
Abstract WP82: Racial Disparities Affecting Hospitalization For Acute Ischemic Stroke: A National Inpatient Sample Analysis
Nanavaty, D., Sanghvi, A., Thakre, A., Singh, S., Devarakonda, P. K., Manoharan, S., Bhavsar, D., Ayala-Rodriguez, C. E., & Reddy, S. (2023) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.54.suppl_1.wp82
Ten-year trends, disparities, and clinical impact of stroke thrombectomy and thrombolysis: A single center experience 2012-2021
Katz, J. M., WANG, J. J., Sanmartin, M. X., Naidich, J. J., Rula, E. Y., & Sanelli, P. C. (2024) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107914 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in the Use and Outcomes of Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Mehta, A. M., Fifi, J. T., Shoirah, H., Shigematsu, T., Oxley, T. J., Kellner, C. P., Leacy, R. A. D., Mocco, J., & Majidi, S. (2021) · American Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.3174/ajnr.a7217 · Cited by 35 · see citing works

Authors: Kimball, M. M., Neal, D., Waters, M. F., & Hoh, B. L.
Affiliations: University of Florida Health (US)
University of Florida (US)
ORCID: Neal, Dan
Hoh, Brian L.
Venue: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-01
Volume: 23
Issue: 1
Pages: 17-24
ISSN: 1052-3057 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2012.06.004
OpenAlex: W2005341654
Cited by: 99
References: 34
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 4.53
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Emergency and Acute Care Studies
Keywords: ischemic stroke, racial disparities, income inequality, socioeconomic status, intravenous thrombolysis, high-volume centers, in-hospital mortality, discharge disposition, hospital charges, length of hospital stay, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, access to stroke care
MeSH terms: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brain Ischemia, Female, Hospitals, Humans, Income, Inpatients, Length of Stay, Male, Middle Aged, Minority Groups, Patients, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Thrombolytic Therapy, Databases, Factual, Treatment Outcome, Hospital Mortality, Hospital Charges, Stroke, International Classification of Diseases, Healthcare Disparities

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Race and income disparity in ischemic stroke care: nationwide inpatient sample database, 2002 to 2008

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks