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Cited by 68Obesity, Physical Activity, DietRegulation of Appetite and ObesityBody Composition Measurement Techniques

Quantitative analysis of the energy requirements for development of obesity

Christiansen, Edmund, Garby, Lars, Sørensen, Thorkild I.A.·2005·Journal of Theoretical Biology
DOI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2004.11.012
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Abstract

Objective Obesity is typically developed over long time and reflected in an energy imbalance, which is too small to be measured and controlled. Our objective is to formulate a mathematical model for the relation between the change in body mass and the values of the energy intake and the energy expenditure, controlled by the physical activity factor PAF. DATA AND THEORY: The uncontrolled components of energy expenditure increases as result of body mass increase: expenditure of a larger mass and expenditure to convert matter in intake into tissue. Both contributions depend on the fraction of fat in the added tissue. Based on data from the literature, the fraction of fat in added tissue and the energy required to convert energy into tissue are estimated and included in the model.Results Application of the theory shows that an increase in body mass of 1 kg/year corresponds to an energy imbalance of 71 kJ/d for men. Of this imbalance, 82% are stored as new tissue, while 18% are used for energy conversion. If a man in steady state changes energy intake by 0.1 MJ/d, keeping the physical activity factor constant, then the corresponding increase in steady-state body mass is 1.77 kg/PAF, and it will take 320/PAF days before half the change of body mass has taken place. A typical value for PAF is 1.8.Conclusion Energy-based theoretical relations between the various factors involved in energy balance help identifying and quantifying the components of the energy balance and understanding their relations during development of obesity. The inclusion of increased energy expenditure to convert food energy to tissue changes previous estimates of the energy imbalance by about 20 percent.

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  • Differences in energy balance as little as 71 kJ/day (17 kcal) could theoretically lead to a weight gain or loss of 1 kg/year.

    “For example, differences in energy balance as little as in 71 kJ/day (17 kcal), which is approximately the energy utilized in standing for one hour, and only about 0.6% of daily total energy expenditure, could theoretically lead to a weight gain or loss of 1 kg/year 23,41–43.”

    From Cellular bioenergetics as a target for obesity therapy (2010) · cites this paper as [41]

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Authors
Christiansen, E., Garby, L., & Sørensen, T. I. A.
Affiliations
  • University of Southern Denmark (DK)
  • Copenhagen University Hospital (DK)
Corresponding author
Christiansen, Edmund
Venue
Journal of Theoretical Biology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2005-05
Volume
234
Issue
1
Pages
99-106
ISSN
0022-5193 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jtbi.2004.11.012
OpenAlex
W2002342267
Cited by
68
References
12
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
FWCI
3.06
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of Theoretical Biology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
  • University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
Keywords
obesity, energy balance, energy expenditure, energy intake, weight change, energy imbalance
MeSH terms
Animals, Body Weight, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Biological, Motor Activity, Obesity, Swine, Weight Gain

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