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Cited by 90Effects of Environmental Stressors on LivestockThermoregulation and physiological responsesAnimal Behavior and Welfare Studies

A predictive model of equivalent temperature index for dairy cattle (ETIC)

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Wang, Xiaoshuai, Gao, Hongding, Gebremedhin, Kifle G., Bjerg, Bjarne Schmidt, Van Os, Jennifer, Tucker, Cassandra B., Zhang, Guoqiang·2018·Journal of Thermal Biology
DOI 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.07.013
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Abstract

Thermal stress imposed on cows adversely affects health and productivity. Various thermal indices exist in the literature that can be used to assess the level of heat stress on cattle by linking environmental conditions with physiological responses. However, many of these indices either do not incorporate all of the environmental variables or may consider only the main effects of the independent variables without considering the interaction effects. The objective of this study was to develop a thermal index for dairy cattle, referred to as Equivalent Temperature Index for Cattle (ETIC), which incorporates air temperature, relative humidity, air velocity and solar radiation and their interactions. Environmental and physiological data from two studies were pooled together to develop and validate the proposed index. The index (ETIC) expressed in terms of temperature units is derived from equivalent air temperature of relative humidity, air velocity and solar radiation. ETIC heat-stress level thresholds were defined according to the thresholds for temperature-humidity index (THI). The results indicate that the ETIC model predicts the measured physiological responses very well. The coefficient of correlation, R 2, for skin temperature, core-body temperature, and respiration rate were 0.79, 0.40, and 0.49, respectively. The ETIC prediction of skin temperatures, core-body temperatures, and respiration rates were better compared to that of three recently developed thermal indices (adjusted THI, heat load index, and comprehensive climate index). The proposed index could be a useful tool to assess thermal environments to ensure animal comfort.

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Authors
Wang, X., Gao, H., Gebremedhin, K. G., Bjerg, B. S., Van Os, J., Tucker, C. B., & Zhang, G.
Affiliations
  • Aarhus University (DK)
  • Cornell University (US)
  • University of Copenhagen (DK)
  • University of California, Davis (US)
Corresponding author
Zhang, Guoqiang
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Thermal Biology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2018-08
Volume
76
Pages
165-170
ISSN
0306-4565 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.07.013
OpenAlex
W2883900135
Cited by
90
References
30
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 16
FWCI
10.61
Type
journal article
Language
en
Update notices
erratum (2019-05-01)
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Thermal Biology (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Innovation Foundation Denmark (4215-00004B)
  • China Scholarship Council (201406320185)
  • S.C. Van Fonden (1626)
  • USDA/Hatch (W-3173)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
  • Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
Keywords
heat stress, dairy cattle, thermal index, thermal comfort, temperature-humidity index, skin temperature, core body temperature, respiration rate, air velocity, solar radiation, relative humidity, heat load index, prediction model
MeSH terms
Air Movements, Animals, Body Temperature, Cattle, Humidity, Light, Models, Biological, Temperature, Heat-Shock Response, Respiratory Rate

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