The DOI matches its Crossref record; 79 of the 80 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Inequities in the quality of urban park systems: An environmental justice investigation of cities in the United States
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Legacy pollutants common in current or formerly industrial zones persist in the soil and can be released during flooding and storms, 168 reflecting how past land use decisions directly affect residents' climate and environmental health risks today.”
From NPCC4: Advancing climate justice in climate adaptation strategies for New York City (2024) · cites this paper as [168]
In the citing paper
“They may also have community-based plans and initiatives for equitable climate adaptation that can be leveraged with City agencies to produce multiple benefits.151,164,168”
From NPCC4: Advancing climate justice in climate adaptation strategies for New York City (2024) · cites this paper as [168]
Citations
Cites
Discovering Statistics Using SPSS
Field, A. P., & Miles, J. N. V. (2000) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 28,269
Wolch, J. R., Byrne, J., & Newell, J. P. (2014) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.01.017 · Cited by 4,450
The role of urban parks for the sustainable city
Chiesura, A. (2004) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.08.003 · Cited by 2,555
Exploring pathways linking greenspace to health: theoretical and methodological guidance
Markevych, I., Schoierer, J., Hartig, T., Chudnovsky, A., Hystad, P., Dzhambov, A. M., de Vries, S., Triguero-Mas, M., Brauer, M., Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J., et al. (2017) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2017.06.028 · Cited by 2,543
Gordon‐Larsen, P., Laska, M. N., Page, P., & Popkin, B. M. (2006) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2005-0058 · Cited by 1,821
The health benefits of urban green spaces: a review of the evidence
Lee, A. C., & Maheswaran, R. (2010) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdq068 · Cited by 1,583
Reconceiving Environmental Justice: Global Movements And Political Theories
Schlosberg, D. (2004) · Environmental Politics · doi:10.1080/0964401042000229025 · Cited by 1,455
Validity and Reliability in Social Science Research
Drost, E. A. (2011) · Education Research and Perspectives · doi:10.70953/erpv38.11005 · Cited by 982
A complex landscape of inequity in access to urban parks: A literature review
Rigolon, A. (2016) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.05.017 · Cited by 969
Self-citationGreen justice or just green? Provision of urban green spaces in Berlin, Germany
Kabisch, N., & Haase, D. (2013) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.11.016 · Cited by 953
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Shing, 2006, Research update: Components of urban park systems, Parks & Recreation, 26
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 444
Delgado, M. (2020) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190058463.001.0001 · Cited by 13
Neighborhood Greenspace and Changes in Pediatric Obesity During COVID-19
Mayne, S. L., Kelleher, S., Hannan, C., Kelly, M. K., Powell, M., Dalembert, G., McPeak, K. E., Jenssen, B. P., & Fiks, A. G. (2022) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.07.014 · Cited by 12
Robles, B., Kuo, T., & Tobin, C. S. T. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18189868 · Cited by 11
Tian, Y., Ning, H., Ren, H., Liu, J., Wang, K., & Hong, B. (2022) · Land · doi:10.3390/land11060889 · Cited by 11
Besser, L. M., Meyer, O. L., Streitz, M. L., Farias, S. T., Olichney, J., Mitsova, D., & Galvin, J. E. (2023) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103008 · Cited by 11
Powers, S. L., Pitas, N. A., & Mowen, A. J. (2023) · Society & Natural Resources · doi:10.1080/08941920.2023.2250737 · Cited by 11
Young, M. T., Vispute, S., Serghiou, S., Kumok, A., Shah, Y. K., Lane, K., Black‐Ingersoll, F., Brochu, P., Bharel, M., Skenazy, S., et al. (2024) · The Lancet Planetary Health · doi:10.1016/s2542-5196(24)00125-6 · Cited by 12
Yang, Y., Jiang, B., Wang, L., Zhou, Y., Li, B., & Gong, P. (2024) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105223 · Cited by 11
Equity, travel, and park visitation in 10 US metro areas: A smartphone mobility study
Rout, A., & Nesbitt, L. (2024) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128557 · Cited by 11
Petroni, M., Howard, S., Howell, I. B., & Collins, M. B. (2021) · Environmental Science & Policy · doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2021.07.004 · Cited by 11
Hui, L. C., & Jim, C. Y. (2022) · Forests · doi:10.3390/f13060841 · Cited by 11
Zhou, M., & Wang, F. (2024) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.111409 · Cited by 11
The Influence of Power on Leisure: Implications for Inclusive Leisure Services
Frías, F. J. L., & Dattilo, J. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18052220 · Cited by 16
Environmental Justice and Urban Parks. A Case Study Applied to Tarragona (Spain)
González, J. A., Albert, Y. P., Morales, J. I. M., & Bustamante, E. (2021) · Urban Science · doi:10.3390/urbansci5030062 · Cited by 11
Volunteer science data show degraded water quality disproportionately burdens areas of high poverty
Horvath, I. R., Parolari, A. J., Petrella, S., Stow, C. A., Godwin, C. M., & Maguire, T. J. (2022) · Journal of Hydrology · doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128475 · Cited by 10
Thermal–Acoustic Interaction Impacts on Crowd Behaviors in an Urban Park
Chen, Y., Chen, Z., Lin, S., Lin, X., Li, S., Li, T., & Dong, J. (2023) · Forests · doi:10.3390/f14091758 · Cited by 10
Tate, W., Chawla, L., Sachs, A. L., Litt, J., & Razani, N. (2024) · Ecopsychology · doi:10.1089/eco.2023.0064 · Cited by 12
Guo, Y., Cao, Y., Li, Y., Wang, R., & Fang, Y. (2024) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-024-03110-5 · Cited by 10
Cui, T., Ye, Y., Zhuang, Y., Lin, Q., Yan, M., Zhang, L., & Zhu, L. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0311546 · Cited by 10
Ziółkowska-Weiss, K. J. (2021) · Land · doi:10.3390/land10080778 · Cited by 11
Popular but exclusive: How can lower socio-economic status groups win access to urban green spaces?
Kronenberg, J., Łaszkiewicz, E., Andersson, E., & Biernacka, M. (2023) · Geoforum · doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103774 · Cited by 10
Powers, S. L., Pitas, N. A., & Rice, W. L. (2024) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128418 · Cited by 10
The socioeconomic status of cities covaries with avian life‐history strategies
Kinnunen, R. P., Fraser, K. C., Schmidt, C., & Garroway, C. J. (2022) · Ecosphere · doi:10.1002/ecs2.3918 · Cited by 10
City parks and slow streets: A utility-based access and equity analysis
Macfarlane, G. S., Voulgaris, C. T., & Tapia, T. (2022) · Journal of Transport and Land Use · doi:10.5198/jtlu.2022.2009 · Cited by 10
Shoaib, A., & Islam, H. S. (2024) · Journal of Geovisualization and Spatial Analysis · doi:10.1007/s41651-024-00190-4 · Cited by 9
Lu, Y., Rigolon, A., Carver, S., & Wu, J. (2024) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2024.105981 · Cited by 13
Self-citationMonitoring temporal changes in large urban street trees using remote sensing and deep learning
Velasquez-Camacho, L., van Doorn, N. S., Preisler, H. K., Etxegarai, M., Alàs, O., Castro, J. M. G., & de‐Miguel, S. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0326562 · Cited by 9
Adamu, S., Yong, H., Bello, A., Yusuf, D. A., Balaya, N. S., & Alhaji, M. (2026) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2026.106810 · Cited by 9
Kiewra, L. A., Powell, R. B., Stern, M. J., Hemby, T. L., & Browning, M. H. E. M. (2023) · The Journal of Environmental Education · doi:10.1080/00958964.2022.2157369 · Cited by 9
Self-citationHallum, S. H., Wende, M. E., Shariati, F. H., Thomas, K. M., Chupak, A. L., Witherspoon, E., & Kaczynski, A. T. (2024) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph21020204 · Cited by 12
Nelson, J. R., Won, Y., Kim, J., Stuhlmacher, M., & Kim, Y. (2024) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128325 · Cited by 10
Shan, L., Fan, Z., & He, S. (2024) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128359 · Cited by 9
Zajchowski, C. A. B., South, F., Rose, J., & Crofford, E. (2021) · Geographical Review · doi:10.1080/00167428.2021.1897811 · Cited by 9
Shackleton, C. M., Brom, P. D., Gwedla, N., Matamanda, A. R., Sardeshpande, M., & Kumar-Nair, S. (2024) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2024.105442 · Cited by 9
Recognitional and distributive justice in urban park access: The importance of subjective views
Larson, K. L., Pittson, H., Corley, E. A., Lara‐Valencia, F., & Haight, J. D. (2025) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128875 · Cited by 8
The Fatal Coupling of Race, State and Research on Disparities
Sène-Harper, A. L., & Outley, C. W. (2022) · Leisure Sciences · doi:10.1080/01490400.2022.2160849 · Cited by 8
Shi, Y., & Cheng, Y. (2021) · VOLUNTAS International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations · doi:10.1007/s11266-020-00302-w · Cited by 8
Willse, C. (2023) · Conservation Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/csp2.12890 · Cited by 8
Moore, L., & Mell, I. C. (2023) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2023.127904 · Cited by 8
Pipitone, J. M., & Jović, S. (2022) · Ecopsychology · doi:10.1089/eco.2021.0056 · Cited by 8
Yang, Y., Wu, Y., & Jiao, H. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17052255 · Cited by 7
Xu, W., & Wang, H. (2025) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105419 · Cited by 7
Liu, S., Qi, J., Yang, Y., Huo, W., Li, J., Chang, Y., & Peng, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1670454 · Cited by 7
Huang, D., Xu, Y., Liu, W., & Yuan, Q. (2025) · Applied Geography · doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103868 · Cited by 7
Hua-bin, X., Sheng, S., Ren, Z., Chen, C., & Wang, Y. (2020) · Polish Journal of Environmental Studies · doi:10.15244/pjoes/113463 · Cited by 7
Futuristic restoration as a policy tool for environmental justice objectives
Pape, T. (2022) · Restoration Ecology · doi:10.1111/rec.13629 · Cited by 9
The Cultural Ecosystem Services as an Element Supporting Manor Landscape Protection
Sikora, D., & Kaczyńska, M. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14137733 · Cited by 7
Tolón, N. B., Vidal, R. P., & Escolano, C. (2022) · Ciudades · doi:10.24197/ciudades.25.2022.79-106 · Cited by 7
Land use and land cover change future projection in Kolkata Metropolitan Area, Eastern India
Das, M., Mandal, A., Das, A., & Pereira, P. A. D. S. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90947-1.00011-9 · Cited by 7
Nature and Health: Perspectives and Pathways
Bratman, G. N., & Alvarez, H. A. O. (2022) · Ecopsychology · doi:10.1089/eco.2022.29007.editorial · Cited by 7
Kim, J., Yang, E., Jeong, J. Y., & Thapa, B. (2023) · Journal of Leisure Research · doi:10.1080/00222216.2023.2204885 · Cited by 8
The Green Space Availability in Ufa City Metropolis
Rakhmatullina, I., RAKHMATULLIN, Z. Z., Зайцев, Г. А., Давыдычев, А. Н., Гильманова, Г. Р., & Komissarov, M. (2023) · Forests · doi:10.3390/f14071297 · Cited by 7
Schendl, A., Bullock, J. M., de Menezes, R. P., & Willcock, S. (2025) · People and Nature · doi:10.1002/pan3.70081 · Cited by 8
Fei, J., Yang, Y., Jian, Y., Cheng, W., Cheng, K., & Wang, Z. (2025) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2025.129082 · Cited by 6
Li, J., & Guo, Z. (2024) · Land · doi:10.3390/land13091531 · Cited by 10
Is Green Space More Equitable in High-Income Areas? A Case Study of Hangzhou, China
Du, S., Sun, Y., Yang, H. F., Liu, M., Tang, J., Hu, G., & Tian, Y. (2025) · Land · doi:10.3390/land14061183 · Cited by 7
Disparities in dynamic green exposure across residents’ mobility patterns: A case study in Chengdu
Liu, Y., Du, X., Yang, W., & Zhang, G. (2025) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128978 · Cited by 7
Environmental racism: A causal and historical account
Tubert, A. (2021) · Journal of Social Philosophy · doi:10.1111/josp.12407 · Cited by 7
Infrastructure That Connects/Infrastructure That Divides
Bates, L. K., Siemiatycki, M., WARD, K. G., Das, P., Bunnell, T., Sidaway, J. D., Montgomery, A., Phinney, S., Haas, A., Mell, I. C., et al. (2023) · Planning Theory & Practice · doi:10.1080/14649357.2023.2166287 · Cited by 6
Xu, N., Wang, J., & Wang, W. (2019) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su11133687 · Cited by 6
Social Cohesion and City Green Space: Revisiting the Power of Volunteering
Jennings, V. L. (2019) · Challenges · doi:10.3390/challe10020036 · Cited by 9
Self-citationPlay is a privilege in both humans and animals: how our recreation influences wildlife
Berger, J., & Cassidy, K. A. (2024) · Journal of Wildlife Management · doi:10.1002/jwmg.22664 · Cited by 5
Suárez, N. R. E., Desrosiers, F., Prokop, L. J., Dupéré, S., & Diallo, T. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078396 · Cited by 6
Collins, T. W., Allain, M. L., Grineski, S. E., & Rigolon, A. (2025) · Applied Geography · doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103579 · Cited by 5
Self-citationRace and income moderate the effect of parks on housing prices in a segregated city
Castillo-Castillo, A., Walker, R. H., Keeler, B., Lonsdorf, E. V., & Ramer, H. (2025) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105340 · Cited by 5
Ding, Y., Song, Y. H., & Xu, Z. (2025) · Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism · doi:10.1016/j.jort.2025.100877 · Cited by 5
Psychological ownership to enhance public green space loyalty
Noël, T., & Dardenne, B. (2024) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2024.105088 · Cited by 7
Who has the Right to Urban Green Areas? Environmental Justice in a Brazilian Metropolis
Ribeiro, F. P., Sartori, R. A., Sales, G. P. D. S., & Rajão, H. (2024) · Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana y Caribeña (HALAC) revista de la Solcha · doi:10.32991/2237-2717.2024v14i2.p295-325 · Cited by 5
Drivers of nature engagement in urban green spaces: Prospects for healthier cities
Bressane, A., Loureiro, A. I. S., & Negri, R. G. (2025) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128825 · Cited by 5
Liu, D., Lü, Y., Wei, D., & Hu, Y. (2025) · Applied Geography · doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103743 · Cited by 5
Daradkeh, L., AlGharaibih, S., Shawaqfeh, R., & Gharaibeh, A. A. (2021) · Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation/Advances in science, technology & innovation · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-65181-7_24 · Cited by 5
Wu, X., & Li, X. (2022) · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings12122250 · Cited by 5
Do Urban Golf Courses Provide Barriers to Equitable Greenspace Access in the United States?
Ryan, J. C. (2023) · Annals of the American Association of Geographers · doi:10.1080/24694452.2023.2166011 · Cited by 6
COVID-19 in Three Global Cities: Comparing Impacts and Outcomes
Marcotullio, P. J., & Schmeltz, M. T. (2021) · Journal of Extreme Events · doi:10.1142/s2345737621500135 · Cited by 5
Children’s nature play: access to the outdoors and interactions with biodiversity
Meyer, A. A., Lorsbach, A. W., & Brown, R. (2024) · Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning · doi:10.1080/14729679.2024.2420316 · Cited by 10
Park quality and chronic disease: A city-level analysis
Pongetti, L. S., Faruque, F., & Walker, B. H. (2025) · Wellbeing Space and Society · doi:10.1016/j.wss.2025.100265 · Cited by 9
Hill, B., Marjoribanks, T. I., Moore, H. E., Bosher, L., & Gussy, M. G. (2025) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-025-02706-2 · Cited by 4
Urban green space accessibility and its determinants at the megaregion scale
Fang, C., Zhao, J., Kwan, M., Zhou, L., Liu, X., & Ge, S. (2026) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2026.106927 · Cited by 4
Chuang, I.-T., Shen, D., Poorthuis, A., Colbert, J., Wong, P. P. Y., Cheung, W. K. S., Tsang, D., Hsueh, C.-L., & Siła-Nowicka, K. (2026) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129442 · Cited by 4
Zhang, J., & Chen, Y. (2026) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129438 · Cited by 4
Jin, Y., Feng, S., Chen, J., Ma, S., Liu, Q., Li, B., Yang, Q., Deng, F., & Luo, Y. (2026) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2026.107377 · Cited by 4
Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice
Delgado, M. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190058463.003.0007 · Cited by 4
Zhang, Y., Tamminga, K., & Wu, H. J. (2022) · Land · doi:10.3390/land11030350 · Cited by 4
Rogers, A. E., Schenkelberg, M. A., Stoepker, P., Westmark, D., Srivastava, D., & Dzewaltowski, D. A. (2024) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102656 · Cited by 5
Sun, X., & Liu, Z. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16093774 · Cited by 4
Chen, Y., Li, T., Chen, S., Chen, H., & Lan, Y. (2024) · Forests · doi:10.3390/f15081373 · Cited by 4
Geng, H., Lin, T., van Bodegom, P. M., Hu, M., Zheng, Y., Jia, Z., Zhang, J., Guo, X., Chen, Y., Lin, M., et al. (2025) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128826 · Cited by 4
Yequan, H., Mingze, C. H. E. N., & Cai, Y. (2025) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128939 · Cited by 5
Advancing equitable park access: a policy scan of 25 U.S. cities
Hughey, S. M., Zeidler, H., Stewart, K. B., Leake, L. W., Yip, J., & Friedmann, V. (2025) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105424 · Cited by 4
Access to Soft-Surface, Green Exercise Trails in Mountainous, Urban Municipalities
Chaney, R. A., & Stones, E. J. (2019) · Environmental Health Insights · doi:10.1177/1178630219836986 · Cited by 4
Contextual Considerations of Green Stormwater Infrastructure Siting
Locke, D. H., de Lucas, A. P., Murphy-Dunning, C., Henning, D., & Zinn, G. (2021) · Cities and the Environment · doi:10.15365/cate.2021.140202 · Cited by 4
Thompson, A. H., & Bunds, K. S. (2022) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003262633-11 · Cited by 4
Parks, People, and Pollution: A Relational Study of Socioenvironmental Succession
Tollefson, J., Frickel, S., Gonsalves, S., & Marlow, T. (2023) · City and Community · doi:10.1177/15356841231152616 · Cited by 4
Fit Around the Farm: A holistic approach to health promotion for elders
Harrison, T., Palmer, L., & Shostak, S. (2023) · SSM - Qualitative Research in Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmqr.2023.100347 · Cited by 4
Boyce, M. R. (2024) · Oxford Open Infrastructure and Health · doi:10.1093/ooih/ouae001 · Cited by 4
Li, W., Winter, P. L., Milburn, L.-A. S., & Padgett, P. E. (2020) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102482 · Cited by 4
Kwon, Y., Park, K.-H., Kang, I., Shin, C., Lee, G., & Lee, S. (2025) · Land · doi:10.3390/land14061191 · Cited by 3
Chen, L., Liang, Q., & Zhao, H. (2025) · Wellbeing Space and Society · doi:10.1016/j.wss.2025.100298 · Cited by 4
Experienced economic segregation and associated mental health inequalities across urbanicity
Zhou, Y., & Lü, Y. (2025) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118813 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Rigolon, A., Browning, M., & Jennings, V.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- US Forest Service (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rigolon, Alessandro
- Venue
- Landscape and Urban Planning
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-10
- Volume
- 178
- Pages
- 156-169
- ISSN
- 0169-2046 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2808561591
- Cited by
- 444
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 60 · 2025: 66 · 2024: 69 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 6
- FWCI
- 76.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Landscape and Urban Planning (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
- Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban Green Space and Health
- Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban Planning and Governance
- Keywords
- urban parks, environmental justice, median income, ethnic composition, Latino communities, Black communities, park funding, cross-city comparison, landscape planning
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review