The DOI matches its Crossref record; 79 of the 80 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Inequities in the quality of urban park systems: An environmental justice investigation of cities in the United States
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Legacy pollutants common in current or formerly industrial zones persist in the soil and can be released during flooding and storms, 168 reflecting how past land use decisions directly affect residents' climate and environmental health risks today.”
From NPCC4: Advancing climate justice in climate adaptation strategies for New York City (2024) · cites this paper as [168]
In the citing paper
“They may also have community-based plans and initiatives for equitable climate adaptation that can be leveraged with City agencies to produce multiple benefits.151,164,168”
From NPCC4: Advancing climate justice in climate adaptation strategies for New York City (2024) · cites this paper as [168]
Citations
Cites
Discovering Statistics Using SPSS
Field, A. P., & Miles, J. N. V. (2000) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 28,269
Wolch, J. R., Byrne, J., & Newell, J. P. (2014) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.01.017 · Cited by 4,450
The role of urban parks for the sustainable city
Chiesura, A. (2004) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.08.003 · Cited by 2,555
Exploring pathways linking greenspace to health: theoretical and methodological guidance
Markevych, I., Schoierer, J., Hartig, T., Chudnovsky, A., Hystad, P., Dzhambov, A. M., de Vries, S., Triguero-Mas, M., Brauer, M., Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J., et al. (2017) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2017.06.028 · Cited by 2,543
Gordon‐Larsen, P., Laska, M. N., Page, P., & Popkin, B. M. (2006) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2005-0058 · Cited by 1,821
The health benefits of urban green spaces: a review of the evidence
Lee, A. C., & Maheswaran, R. (2010) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdq068 · Cited by 1,583
Reconceiving Environmental Justice: Global Movements And Political Theories
Schlosberg, D. (2004) · Environmental Politics · doi:10.1080/0964401042000229025 · Cited by 1,455
Validity and Reliability in Social Science Research
Drost, E. A. (2011) · Education Research and Perspectives · doi:10.70953/erpv38.11005 · Cited by 982
A complex landscape of inequity in access to urban parks: A literature review
Rigolon, A. (2016) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.05.017 · Cited by 969
Self-citationGreen justice or just green? Provision of urban green spaces in Berlin, Germany
Kabisch, N., & Haase, D. (2013) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.11.016 · Cited by 953
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Shing, 2006, Research update: Components of urban park systems, Parks & Recreation, 26
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 444
Zhan, P., & Zheng, Z. (2025) · Ecosystem Health and Sustainability · doi:10.34133/ehs.0467 · Cited by 3
Huang, Y., Chen, B., & Webster, C. (2025) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2025.129198 · Cited by 3
Park morphology and urban structure for active living: a suburban case from Seongnam City
Park, K., Lee, J., & Shin, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1744227 · Cited by 3
Ding, T., Wang, C., Zeng, B., Li, Y., & Li, Y. (2026) · Land · doi:10.3390/land15030484 · Cited by 4
Guttman, Z., Hebner, Y., & Varma, R. (2021) · Journal of Science Policy & Governance · doi:10.38126/jspg180411 · Cited by 3
Disentangling Environmental Justice Dimensions of Urban Green Spaces in Cities of the Global South
Thủy, N. N., & Nguyen, L. (2023) · World sustainability series · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-7572-3_9 · Cited by 3
Afzal, H., Jahangir, T., Mei, Y., Madden, A., Sarker, A., & Kim, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1309490 · Cited by 3
Measuring Disparity in the Distribution of ROS in Adolescents Using Geospatial Analysis
Shrivastava, A., & Mehrotra, S. (2024) · Journal of Urban Planning and Development · doi:10.1061/jupddm.upeng-5041 · Cited by 3
Wolf, K. L., Senturia, K., Simmons, C., Hafferty, K. R., Faino, A. V., Garrett, K., & Tandon, P. S. (2024) · Ecopsychology · doi:10.1089/eco.2023.0075 · Cited by 5
Dutta, I., & Das, A. (2023) · GIScience and geo-environmental modelling · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-21587-2_11 · Cited by 3
Chuang, I.-T., Colbert, J., & Siła-Nowicka, K. (2023) · Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation/Advances in science, technology & innovation · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-27308-7_22 · Cited by 3
Improving access to urban parks through public transit optimization
Xu, N., Guan, K., & Wang, P. (2024) · Frontiers of Architectural Research · doi:10.1016/j.foar.2023.12.011 · Cited by 3
Kalaidjian, E., Kurth, M., Kucharski, J., Galaitsi, S., & Yeates, E. (2024) · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.3389/fevo.2024.1271182 · Cited by 5
Impervious Cover Change as an Indicator of Environmental Equity Dynamics
Culler, M., Wickham, J., Nash, M. S., & Clement, M. T. (2024) · Remote Sensing Applications Society and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.rsase.2024.101247 · Cited by 5
Theall, K. P., Wallace, J., Tucker, A., Wu, K., Walker, B., Gustat, J., Kondo, M., Morrison, C. N., Pealer, C., Branas, C. C., et al. (2025) · Journal of urban health · doi:10.1007/s11524-025-00961-4 · Cited by 3
Han, M., Xu, S. X., Zhou, Z., & Wang, J. (2025) · Clean energy and sustainability · doi:10.70322/ces.2025.10001 · Cited by 3
Chen, S., Feng, Y., Guan, C., Xu, Y., Tan, Q., Li, Y., & Yang, X. (2025) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128921 · Cited by 3
Parks and social capital: An analysis of the 100 most populous U.S. cities
Klein, W. P., Locke, D. H., Niu, K., & Frumkin, H. (2025) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128956 · Cited by 4
Wang, J., Zheng, R., Iabchoon, S., van Bodegom, P. M., Morpurgo, J., Remme, R. P., Hu, M., Tukker, A., Chen, W., Huang, Y., et al. (2025) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.114300 · Cited by 3
Paradise Regained? Localised and Limited Nature Connexions in the UK's Covid-19 Lockdown
Dobson, J., Gore, T., Graham, K., & Swade, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Sustainable Cities · doi:10.3389/frsc.2021.708209 · Cited by 3
Rosario, L. D., Astell‐Burt, T., Navakatikyan, M., Olsen, J. R., Caryl, F., Lin, B. B., Jalaludin, B. B., de Leeuw, E., Mitchell, R., & Feng, X. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.04.09.25325554 · Cited by 3
Beyond Proximity: Utility-Based Access from Location-Based Services Data
Macfarlane, G. S., Stucki, E., Redelfs, A. H., & Spruance, L. A. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191912352 · Cited by 2
Wang, K., Dang, X., Bai, J., Hua, J., & Tian, G. (2025) · Environment Development and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s10668-025-05982-2 · Cited by 2
Won, Y., Kim, J., Kim, Y., & Corley, E. A. (2025) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/00139165251371416 · Cited by 2
Wu, W., Guo, T., Xie, W., & Chen, W. Y. (2025) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2025.129137 · Cited by 2
Yin, X. H., Duan, Z., Chen, B., & Gai, L. (2025) · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings15213899 · Cited by 2
Highway as Barriers to Park Visitation: A Fixed Effects Analysis Using Mobility Data
Yoon, H., Guo, Z., Song, Y. H., Lu, H., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · Urban Science · doi:10.3390/urbansci9120512 · Cited by 2
Chukwu, M., Huang, X., Audu, K., Wang, H., & Das, S. (2025) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2025.129196 · Cited by 2
Kim, H., Kweon, J., Kim, J. H., Hipp, J. R., & Lee, S. (2026) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129266 · Cited by 2
Urban and peri-urban green space use in two racialized neighborhoods of Barcelona, Spain
Laszewicki, A., Corbera, E., & Anguelovski, I. (2026) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129352 · Cited by 2
Guo, M., Liu, G., Huo, Z., Chang, W., Zhang, D., Li, J., Dai, X., Romano, A., & Gonella, F. (2026) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2026.103087 · Cited by 2
Shirtcliff, B. A., Manzo, R., & Scudder, R. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0252127 · Cited by 3
Neighborhood built environment impacts park use of diverse, low-income mothers and their children
Mullenbach, L. E., Larson, L. R., Floyd, M. F., Marquet, O., Huang, J.-H., Alberico, C. O., & Hipp, J. A. (2021) · Journal of Healthy Eating and Active Living · doi:10.51250/jheal.v1i3.16 · Cited by 2
Sandoval, B., Hem-Lee-Forsyth, S. M., & Bryant, H. (2021) · Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal · doi:10.14738/assrj.812.11476 · Cited by 2
The Archive and the Square: Access to Archival Records Surrounding Privatized Public Space
Adiv, N. (2022) · The Professional Geographer · doi:10.1080/00330124.2021.2000444 · Cited by 2
Mell, I. C. (2023) · Landscape series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-18332-4_1 · Cited by 2
Discovering the Pathways from Urban Forests to the Subjective Well-Being of Citizens in Tehran
Maleknia, R., & Korcz, N. (2025) · Forests · doi:10.3390/f16101503 · Cited by 3
Bernardini, S. P., & do Carmo, C. G. C. (2021) · Ambiente Construído · doi:10.1590/s1678-86212021000200524 · Cited by 2
Mell, I. C. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-38948-2_93-1 · Cited by 2
THE PROVISION OF RECREATIONAL FACILITIES: THE POLICY PERSPECTIVE
Wash, P. M., Omar, S. I., Mohamed, B., & Isa, M. I. (2022) · Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Environment · doi:10.24191/myse.v9i1.17300 · Cited by 1
Park, H.-L. (2024) · Journal of Housing and Urban Finance · doi:10.38100/jhuf.2024.9.1.49 · Cited by 1
Identifying concentrations of overlapping environmental & economic insecurity in Los Angeles County
Minaravesh, B. (2025) · Applied Geography · doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103575 · Cited by 1
Understanding youth social engagement in Australian parks within low-SES neighbourhoods
Ziaesaeidi, P., Washington, T. L., Cushing, D. F., & Buys, L. R. (2025) · Annals of Leisure Research · doi:10.1080/11745398.2025.2497801 · Cited by 1
Powers, S. L., Pitas, N. A., Daniels, M., Webster, N. S., & Mowen, A. J. (2025) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128900 · Cited by 1
Eyler, A. A., O'Connor, A., Naghiloo, F., Holland, D., Tibatemwa, E. E., & Salvo, D. (2025) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2025.106228 · Cited by 1
Visitor and spatial heterogeneity in the uses of urban parks: evidence from mobile signaling data
Dai, P., Hu, Z., Hu, H., Gong, Y., & Zhang, S. (2025) · Leisure Studies · doi:10.1080/02614367.2025.2535590 · Cited by 1
Liu, M., & Terada, T. (2025) · Land · doi:10.3390/land14081552 · Cited by 1
Nature connectedness and green transition teaching in basic schools
Graf, S. T., & Debrabant, B. (2025) · Environmental Education Research · doi:10.1080/13504622.2025.2531413 · Cited by 1
Green and Blue Spaces: Enhancing Urban Health and Resilience
Imran, S. A. (2025) · Climate change management · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-99132-5_10 · Cited by 1
Zhu, X., Lin, W. C., Bao, Z., Zeng, C., Li, J., Qin, X., Qu, Y., Wang, W., & Yao, T. (2025) · Trees Forests and People · doi:10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100965 · Cited by 2
Designing Small Urban Green Spaces for Equity: A Framework for Environmental Justice
Tabatabaei, N. S. (2025) · Journal of Salutogenic Architecture · doi:10.38027/jsalutogenic_vol4no1_2 · Cited by 2
Love, N. L. R., Berkelhammer, M., Tovar, E., Romy, S., Wilson, M. D., & Nunez‐Mir, G. C. (2025) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs17172919 · Cited by 2
Kaczynski, A. T., Wende, M. E., Schipperijn, J., Hughey, S. M., Stowe, E. W., Hipp, J. A., Shariati, F. H., & Koohsari, M. J. (2025) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/08901171251380848 · Cited by 1
Ndima, N., Adelabu, S. A., Jackson, C. M., & Durowoju, O. S. (2025) · Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa · doi:10.1080/0035919x.2025.2581277 · Cited by 1
Saraiva, M., Cavallaro, F., Marques, T. S., Teixeira, B., & Ribeiro, G. (2025) · Environment and Planning B Urban Analytics and City Science · doi:10.1177/23998083251407460 · Cited by 1
Park Accessibility and Environmental Justice: A Spatial Analysis of Urban Poverty in Tabriz, Iran
Alemohammad, S., Miandoab, A. M., & Mehrian, M. R. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Research · doi:10.1007/s41742-025-01014-z · Cited by 1
The impact of crime on urban park visitation patterns: A longitudinal analysis in Austin, Texas
Zhang, Y., Guo, Z., Song, Y. H., & Lu, H. (2025) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2025.129218 · Cited by 1
Gong, W., Wu, L., Zhu, C., Song, Y. H., & Ye, X. (2026) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129264 · Cited by 1
Davison, G., & Rowden, E. (2026) · Progress in Planning · doi:10.1016/j.progress.2026.101034 · Cited by 1
Identification, Evaluation and Optimization of Urban Park System Network Structure
Yang, Y., Wang, K., Jiang, L., & Liu, S. (2026) · Forests · doi:10.3390/f17020186 · Cited by 1
Asl, S. R., Azadgar, A., & Nyka, L. (2026) · Local Environment · doi:10.1080/13549839.2026.2639069 · Cited by 1
Perceived naturalness and wellbeing: Differential benefits for marginalized and privileged groups
Jazi, E., Dietsch, A. M., van den Bosch, M. A., Mas, M. T., Meitner, M. J., Atkisson, C. J., Thomson, A., & Park, K. (2026) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2026.129448 · Cited by 1
van de Geest, J. D. S., Cuenca, V.-C., Schoonmade, L. J., Cereijo, L., Mora, D. J., Meijer, P., & Lakerveld, J. (2026) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-026-01912-1 · Cited by 2
Urban poverty and spatial injustice: Invisible limits of inequality
Kızılkan, Y., Birinci, S., & GÜRGEN, O. (2026) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2026.107143 · Cited by 1
Measuring sea visibility: a condition for Ocean Literacy or a sign of privilege?
Esteva-Burgos, C., & Ruiz‐Pérez, M. (2026) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2026.1836405 · Cited by 1
Fazli, G. S., Polsky, J. Y., Johns, A., Gozdyra, P., Luo, J., & Booth, G. L. (2026) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph23060787 · Cited by 1
Maleknia, R., Zamani, N., & Hălălișan, A.-F. (2026) · Trees Forests and People · doi:10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101373 · Cited by 1
DETERMINATION OF URBAN GREEN SPACES USING NDVI-BASED REMOTE SENSING: THE CASE OF SERIK CITY CENTER
Kahraman, E., & Karakuş, N. (2026) · Peyzaj Araştırmaları ve Uygulamaları Dergisi · doi:10.56629/paud.1946094 · Cited by 1
From past, persisting, and consolidating ecologies of segregation to ecologies of repair
Anguelovski, I., Connolly, J. J., Corbera, E., Pellow, D. N., Hoover, F.-A., Scott, J. L., Hendricks, M. D., & Schell, C. J. (2026) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2422767122 · Cited by 1
The accessibility analysis of urban green spaces based on VHR images: a case study of Chongqing
Gao, S., Dong, Y., Pu, Y., Jiang, Y., & Guo, L. (2021) · International Conference on Smart Transportation and City Engineering (STCE) · doi:10.1117/12.2614492 · Cited by 1
Li, Z., & Xia, L. (2023) · Local Environment · doi:10.1080/13549839.2023.2279546 · Cited by 1
Wende, M. E., Hughey, S. M., McLain, A. C., Hallum, S. H., Hipp, J. A., Schipperijn, J., Stowe, E. W., & Kaczynski, A. T. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0301549 · Cited by 1
Place-based approaches to firearm violence prevention
Theall, K. P., Contreras, L. M., Francois, S., Kondo, M. C., & Branas, C. C. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95272-9.00035-8 · Cited by 1
Kammerer, E. F., & Kirkpatrick, K. J. (2025) · Journal of Public Affairs Education · doi:10.1080/15236803.2025.2476865 · Cited by 1
Myers, Z. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-32-9923-8_2 · Cited by 1
Delgado, M. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190058463.003.0008 · Cited by 1
State-Sanctioned Violence Definition, Parameters, and Conceptual Foundation
Delgado, M. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190058463.003.0002 · Cited by 2
A Mixed-Method Research on Recreation Space for Youth in Malaysia
Omar, D. B., Omar, K. A., Yusoff, Z. M., & Othman, F. (2020) · Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal · doi:10.21834/ebpj.v5isi2.2518 · Cited by 1
Education and State-Sanctioned Violence
Delgado, M. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190058463.003.0005
Social Work Research, Education, and Practice
Delgado, M. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190058463.003.0009
Delgado, M. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190058463.003.0003
Delgado, M. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190058463.003.0001
Delgado, M. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190058463.003.0006
Tang, Z., Wang, Y., Yang, Z., Jiang, Y., & Guo, L. (2021) · International Conference on Smart Transportation and City Engineering (STCE) · doi:10.1117/12.2614496
The Assessment of Urban Parks: A Proposed Auditing ToolPreprint
Saraiva, M. D. A., Lima, P. V. P. S., da Silva, T. T., Zanella, M. E., & Silva, E. N. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4017409
Advances in Green Infrastructure Planning
Kim, H. (2022) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-0365-3711-5
Delgado, M. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190058463.003.0010
Delgado, M. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190058463.003.0004
Disparities in Self-Reported Neighborhood Park Access Among Adults in PhiladelphiaPreprint
McIntire, R. K., Halstead, T., Dajee, D., Buckley, M. E., McGregor, K. A., & Larson, S. L. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4127060
The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Urban Social Sustainability
Özdemir, E. E. (2022) · Advances in media, entertainment and the arts (AMEA) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-6376-5.ch011
Mell, I. C. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-01949-4_93
DE VAZIOS URBANOS A ESPAÇOS VERDES CONECTADOS
Oliveira, N., Cícero, R., & Vieira, F. D. A. (2023) · Enciclopédia Biosfera · doi:10.18677/encibio_2023b8
Do Larger Cities Enjoy Better Urban Green Space Accessibility? Evidence from ChinaPreprint
Chen, Y., Rosa, D. L., Yue, W., Xu, Z., & Zhuo, Y. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4588428
(2024) · Frontiers research topics · doi:10.3389/978-2-8325-4665-9
Mell, I. C. (2024) · Town Planning Review · doi:10.3828/tpr.2024.7
Lin, Z.-H., Hsu, Y., Bayrak, M. M., Li, C.-E., & Yuan, M.-H. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4820561
Delgado, M. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190058463.002.0004
Delgado, M. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190058463.002.0006
Wang, M., Chen, Y., Rao, Q., Yuan, H., Sun, C., Zhang, M., Li, J., Fan, C., Ma, J., Zhang, D., et al. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4882032
Brown, J. C., Allicock, M. A., Valle, C. G., & Agurs‐Collins, T. (2024) · Obesity Science & Practice · doi:10.1002/osp4.70027
Metadata
- Authors
- Rigolon, A., Browning, M., & Jennings, V.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- US Forest Service (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rigolon, Alessandro
- Venue
- Landscape and Urban Planning
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-10
- Volume
- 178
- Pages
- 156-169
- ISSN
- 0169-2046 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2808561591
- Cited by
- 444
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 60 · 2025: 66 · 2024: 69 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 6
- FWCI
- 76.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Landscape and Urban Planning (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
- Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban Green Space and Health
- Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban Planning and Governance
- Keywords
- urban parks, environmental justice, median income, ethnic composition, Latino communities, Black communities, park funding, cross-city comparison, landscape planning
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review