The DOI matches its Crossref record; 242 of the 242 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Street view imagery in urban analytics and GIS: A review
Open accessAbstract
Street view imagery has rapidly ascended as an important data source for geospatial data collection and urban analytics, deriving insights and supporting informed decisions. Such surge has been mainly catalysed by the proliferation of large-scale imagery platforms, advances in computer vision and machine learning, and availability of computing resources. We screened more than 600 recent papers to provide a comprehensive systematic review of the state of the art of how street-level imagery is currently used in studies pertaining to the built environment. The main findings are that: (i) street view imagery is now clearly an entrenched component of urban analytics and GIScience; (ii) most of the research relies on data from Google Street View; and (iii) it is used across myriads of domains with numerous applications – ranging from analysing vegetation and transportation to health and socio-economic studies. A notable trend is crowdsourced street view imagery, facilitated by services such as Mapillary and KartaView, in some cases furthering geographical coverage and temporal granularity, at a permissive licence.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1205
(1999) · Industrial Robot: An International Journal · doi:10.1108/ir.1999.04926fae.001 · Cited by 38,662
Encoder-Decoder with Atrous Separable Convolution for Semantic Image Segmentation
Chen, L.-C., Zhu, Y., Papandreou, G., Schroff, F., & Adam, H. (2018) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-01234-2_49 · Cited by 20,054
The Cityscapes Dataset for Semantic Urban Scene Understanding
Cordts, M., Omran, M., Ramos, S., Rehfeld, T., Enzweiler, M., Benenson, R., Franke, U., Roth, S., & Schiele, B. (2016) · 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2016.350 · Cited by 12,433
ggmap: Spatial Visualization with ggplot2
Kahle, D., & Wickham, H. (2013) · The R Journal · doi:10.32614/rj-2013-014 · Cited by 2,119
The Mapillary Vistas Dataset for Semantic Understanding of Street Scenes
Neuhold, G., Ollmann, T., Bulo, S. R., & Kontschieder, P. (2017) · 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv.2017.534 · Cited by 1,434
The Cityscapes Dataset for Semantic Urban Scene Understanding
Cordts, M., Omran, M., Ramos, S., Rehfeld, T., Enzweiler, M., Benenson, R., Franke, U., Roth, S., & Schiele, B. (2016) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1604.01685 · Cited by 1,174
Assessing street-level urban greenery using Google Street View and a modified green view index
Li, X., Zhang, C., Li, W., Ricard, R., Meng, Q., & Zhang, W. (2015) · Urban Forestry & Urban Greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2015.06.006 · Cited by 1,009
Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review
Biljecki, F., Stoter, J., Ledoux, H., Zlatanova, S., & Çöltekin, A. (2015) · ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information · doi:10.3390/ijgi4042842 · Cited by 836
Self-citationProceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
(2014) · doi:10.1145/2556288 · Cited by 818
Measuring human perceptions of a large-scale urban region using machine learning
Zhang, F., Zhou, B., Liu, L., Liu, Y., Fung, H. H., Lin, H., & Ratti, C. (2018) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.08.020 · Cited by 810
Cited by
Verma, D. (2025) · Journal of Urban Design · doi:10.1080/13574809.2025.2514574 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Biljecki, F., & Ito, K.
- Venue
- Landscape and Urban Planning
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-11
- Volume
- 215
- Pages
- 104217
- ISSN
- 0169-2046 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3195494505
- Cited by
- 925
- References
- 242
- FWCI
- 313.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Street view imagery in urban analytics and GIS: A review. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104217
- The paper
- Biljecki, F., & Ito, K. (2021). Street view imagery in urban analytics and GIS: A review. Landscape and Urban Planning. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104217
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.