ChatGPT for low- and middle-income countries: a Greek gift?
Open accessAbstract
ChatGPT (OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA) has made headlines across all industries, with healthcare no exception. ChatGPT has demonstrated the ability to pass the US Medical Licensing Examination1 and has applications ranging from facilitation of clinical documentation2,3 to acting as a chatbot for patient concerns.4 The family of GPT models, which power ChatGPT, belongs to a wider family of AI models called large language models (LLMs). LLMs are trained on large volumes of data allowing them to manifest generalist intelligence, and unlike “specific AI” they are capable of performing tasks they have not been specifically trained for.
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The concern about deskilling is more pronounced for the next generation of health care professionals, particularly medical students, whose over-delegation of tasks to AI could attenuate the development of critical analytical skills and comprehensive understanding of medical concepts.
“the concern is more pronounced for the next generation of health care professionals, particularly medical students who might increasingly use AI for educational tasks and learning activities where over delegating tasks to AI could attenuate the development of critical analytical skills and a comprehensive understanding of medical concepts, traditionally cultivated through deep engagement with the”
From Large Language Models and User Trust: Consequence of Self-Referential Learning Loop and the Deskilling of Health Care Professionals (2024) · cites this paper as [33]
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ChatGPT: the future of discharge summaries?
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Self-citationArtificial Intelligence in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Innovating Global Health Radiology
Mollura, D. J., Culp, M. P., Pollack, E., Battino, G., Scheel, J. R., Mango, V. L., Elahi, A., Schweitzer, A., & Dako, F. (2020) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2020201434 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
ChatGPT: promise and challenges for deployment in low- and middle-income countries
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Revolutionizing Health Care: The Transformative Impact of Large Language Models in Medicine
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Artificial General Intelligence and Its Threat to Public Health
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A Review of The Application of Natural Language Processing in Human-Computer Interaction
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Large Language Models for Global Health Clinics: Opportunities and Challenges
Tripathi, S., Alkhulaifat, D., Muppuri, M., Elahi, A., & Dako, F. (2025) · Journal of the American College of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2025.04.007 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Uptake of Large Language Models by London Medical Students: Exploratory Qualitative Interview Study
Alazzawi, M., & Lam, K. K.-L. (2026) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/82828 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationDigital health technologies: Compounding the existing ethical challenges of the ‘right’ not to know
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Performance of generative pre-trained Transformer-4 (GPT-4) in RCOG diploma-style questions
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Low-Code Self-Hosting of RAG-Enabled Language Models Using Ollama and Open WebUI
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- Authors
- Lam, K.
- Affiliations
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Lam, Kyle
- ORCID
- Lam, Kyle
- Venue
- The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-12
- Volume
- 41
- Pages
- 100906
- ISSN
- 2666-6065 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10514087
- OpenAlex
- W4386767417
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8
- FWCI
- 0.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (ACF-2022-21-011)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Artificial Intelligence Applications
- Keywords
- ChatGPT, large language models, artificial intelligence in healthcare, low- and middle-income countries, medical licensing examinations, clinical documentation
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