Cited by 190Microplastics and Plastic PollutionEnvironmental Toxicology and EcotoxicologyPharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Assessment of microplastic-sorbed contaminant bioavailability through analysis of biomarker gene expression in larval zebrafish

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Abstract

Microplastics (MPs) are prevalent in marine ecosystems. Because toxicants (termed here “co-contaminants”) can sorb to MPs, there is potential for MPs to alter co-contaminant bioavailability. Our objective was to demonstrate sorption of two co-contaminants with different physicochemistries [phenanthrene (Phe), log10Kow = 4.57; and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), log10Kow = 3.67] to MPs; and assess whether co-contaminant bioavailability was increased after MP settlement. Bioavailability was indicated by gene expression in larval zebrafish. Both Phe and EE2 sorbed to MPs, which reduced bioavailability by a maximum of 33% and 48% respectively. Sorption occurred, but was not consistent with predictions based on co-contaminant physicochemistry (Phe having higher log10Kow was expected to have higher sorption). Contaminated MPs settled to the bottom of the exposures did not lead to increased bioavailability of Phe or EE2. Phe was 48% more bioavailable than predicted by a linear sorption model, organism-based measurements therefore contribute unique insight into MP co-contaminant bioavailability.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.12.055

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Figures

Image 1
CC-BY · From the PDF
Image 2
CC-BY · From the PDF
Fig. 1 Schematic diagrams of experimental exposures. A.) Aqueous exposure representing microplastics (contaminated with Phe or EE2) in pelagic environments, stirrer maintained uPVC in suspension and particles did not enter the chamber. An airline acted as an air lift pump to aid mixing of exposure water into the chamber (Experiment 2). B.) Sedimentation exposure representing microplastics (contaminated with Phe or EE2) in benthic habitats, uPVC settled to the bottom of beaker and larvae were observed to rest on top of particles (Experiment 3). Larvae in all exposures were aged up to 168 hpf (by the end of 96 h exposures) and therefore did not have developed mouthparts and were unable to uptake MPs via ingestion.
Fig. 1 Schematic diagrams of experimental exposures. A.) Aqueous exposure representing microplastics (contaminated with Phe or EE2) in pelagic environments, stirrer maintained uPVC in suspension and particles did not enter the chamber. An airline acted as an air lift pump to aid mixing of exposure water into the chamber (Experiment 2). B.) Sedimentation exposure representing microplastics (contaminated with Phe or EE2) in benthic habitats, uPVC settled to the bottom of beaker and larvae were observed to rest on top of particles (Experiment 3). Larvae in all exposures were aged up to 168 hpf (by the end of 96 h exposures) and therefore did not have developed mouthparts and were unable to uptake MPs via ingestion.CC-BY · From the PDF
Fig. 2 Experiment1, Characterization of dose response relationships. Larvae were exposed for 96 h, relative fold changes in expression were calculated by ΔΔ CT method with the gene of interest normalized to zebrafish β -actin gene (mean ± S.E. n = 3). A.) Fold changes in zebrafish cytochrome P450 1a gene ( cyp1a ) expression relative to concentration of Phe, linear regression indicated relationship is significant P = 0.012. B.) Fold changes in zebrafish vitellogenin ( vtg ) expression relative to concentration of EE2, linear regression indicated relationship is significant P = 0.0001.
Fig. 2 Experiment1, Characterization of dose response relationships. Larvae were exposed for 96 h, relative fold changes in expression were calculated by ΔΔ CT method with the gene of interest normalized to zebrafish β -actin gene (mean ± S.E. n = 3). A.) Fold changes in zebrafish cytochrome P450 1a gene ( cyp1a ) expression relative to concentration of Phe, linear regression indicated relationship is significant P = 0.012. B.) Fold changes in zebrafish vitellogenin ( vtg ) expression relative to concentration of EE2, linear regression indicated relationship is significant P = 0.0001.CC-BY · From the PDF
Fig. 3 Characterization of uPVC particles. A.) SEM image of uPVC (scale bar = 100 μ m; magnification = ×200) B.) SEM image of same uPVC showing more detailed particle topography (scale bar = 2 μ m; magnification = ×5500).
Fig. 3 Characterization of uPVC particles. A.) SEM image of uPVC (scale bar = 100 μ m; magnification = ×200) B.) SEM image of same uPVC showing more detailed particle topography (scale bar = 2 μ m; magnification = ×5500).CC-BY · From the PDF
Fig. 4 Characterization of microplastic chamber exposures (in Experiment 2) with change in average concentration of uPVC (200 -250 μ m) particles over time ( F 1,22 =29.16, P = 0.0001, error bars = ± technical triplicate S.E.).
Fig. 4 Characterization of microplastic chamber exposures (in Experiment 2) with change in average concentration of uPVC (200 -250 μ m) particles over time ( F 1,22 =29.16, P = 0.0001, error bars = ± technical triplicate S.E.).CC-BY · From the PDF
Image 7
CC-BY · From the PDF
Fig. 5 Experiments 2 and 3. Relative fold changes in gene expression were calculated by ΔΔ CT method with gene of interest expression normalized to zebrafish β -actin gene (mean ± S.E. n = 3 -18). Grey bars = mean average of controls between Experiments 2 & 3. Significance indicated by letters above error bars (n = at least 3 as indicated in bar label). A.) Fold changes in zebrafish cytochrome P450 1a gene ( cyp1a ) expression in larvae exposed (96 h) to each of the Phe experimental treatments (F5,30 =9.14, P = 0.0001). B.) Fold changes in zebrafish vitellogenin gene ( vtg ) expression in larvae exposed (96 h) to each of the EE2 experimental treatments (F5,27 =44.47, P = 0.0001).
Fig. 5 Experiments 2 and 3. Relative fold changes in gene expression were calculated by ΔΔ CT method with gene of interest expression normalized to zebrafish β -actin gene (mean ± S.E. n = 3 -18). Grey bars = mean average of controls between Experiments 2 & 3. Significance indicated by letters above error bars (n = at least 3 as indicated in bar label). A.) Fold changes in zebrafish cytochrome P450 1a gene ( cyp1a ) expression in larvae exposed (96 h) to each of the Phe experimental treatments (F5,30 =9.14, P = 0.0001). B.) Fold changes in zebrafish vitellogenin gene ( vtg ) expression in larvae exposed (96 h) to each of the EE2 experimental treatments (F5,27 =44.47, P = 0.0001).CC-BY · From the PDF

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  1. Hansch, 1995, Exploring QSAR: fundamentals and applications in chemistry and biology, Am. Chem. Soc.

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Metadata

Authors
Sleight, V. A., Bakir, A., Thompson, R. C., & Henry, T. B.
Affiliations
  • British Antarctic Survey (GB)
  • University of Portsmouth (GB)
  • University of Plymouth (GB)
Corresponding author
Sleight, Victoria A.
Venue
Marine Pollution Bulletin
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2017-03
Volume
116
Issue
1-2
Pages
291-297
ISSN
0025-326X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2579412410
Cited by
190
References
49
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 3
FWCI
8.74
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Marine Pollution Bulletin (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • NERC Open Research Archive (Natural Environment Research Council) (acceptedVersion)
  • Aberdeen University Research Archive (Aberdeen University) (submittedVersion)
  • PEARL (University of Plymouth) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Natural Environment Research Council (NE/N006526/1, bas0100036)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
Keywords
microplastics, co-contaminants, contaminant sorption, bioavailability, phenanthrene, ethinyl estradiol, zebrafish larvae, gene expression biomarkers, octanol-water partition coefficient, marine pollution
MeSH terms
Animals, Biological Availability, Ethinyl Estradiol, Larva, Phenanthrenes, Plastics, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Zebrafish, Biomarkers, Gene Expression

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