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The World Health Organization (WHO) approach to healthy ageing
Open accessAbstract
The ageing of the global population is the most important medical and social demographic problem worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined healthy ageing as a process of maintaining functional ability to enable wellbeing in older age. The WHO, Member States and Partners for Sustainable Development Goals have created a Global Strategy and Action Plan for Ageing and Health for 2016-2020 and its continuation with the WHO programme The Decade of Healthy Ageing 2020-2030. The WHO has established main priorities such as supporting country planning and action, collecting better global data and promoting research on healthy ageing, aligning health systems to the needs of older people, laying the foundations and ensuring the human resources necessary for long-term integrated care, undertaking a global campaign to combat ageism, and enhancing the global network for age-friendly cities and communities. There are several reports of coordinated preventive health and social health initiatives in well developed countries. However, there is little evidence on the application of the active ageing frameworks in developing countries. Greater national capacities and closer monitoring of the progress through age-disaggregated data is needed to effectively implement the intended programmes on healthy ageing.
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“Aging is associated with muscle loss, increased body fat, reduced bone density, and cardiovascular and cognitive decline, all of which heighten frailty and fall risk [86,87].”
From The Power of Environment: A Comprehensive Review of the Exposome's Role in Healthy Aging, Longevity, and Preventive Medicine-Lessons from Blue Zones and Cilento (2025) · cites this paper as [87]
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“On the other hand, muscle strength training combined with food supplementation strategies seems to increase the benefits, and become a doubly effective intervention to promote healthy aging in adults over 50 years of age [35,36,37].”
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“An aging global population is a medical and social demographic issue [12].”
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Abhari, S., McMurray, J., Randhawa, T., Noon, G. B., Hanjahanja-Phiri, T., McNeil, H., Manning, F., Debergue, P., Teague, J., & Morita, P. P. (2024) · JMIR Aging · doi:10.2196/58196 · Cited by 11
Selective autophagy: a therapeutic target for healthy aging?
Manastireanu, D. M., Salazar, N. A., Bejarano, E., & Nieto-Torres, J. L. (2024) · Aging advances. · doi:10.4103/agingadv.agingadv-d-24-00002 · Cited by 10
Tourism experiences and healthy aging: extending the successful aging model
Chen, S. X., & Kuok, H. H. (2024) · Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics · doi:10.1108/apjml-04-2024-0541 · Cited by 9
Sáez-Sanz, N., Sanchez-Lara, E., González-Pérez, R., Caracuel, A., & Peralta‐Ramírez, M. I. (2025) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci15040383 · Cited by 9
Shared reading interventions to promote psychosocial well-being in older adults: a systematic review
Milani, C., Biagi, C., Palmieri, E., Rosi, C., Buresta, D., Iocca, F., Cabrera, F. W., Zanobini, P., Lorini, C., & Bonaccorsi, G. (2025) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/daaf036 · Cited by 9
“The word ‘active’ suggests the idea of continuous involvement in social, economic, cultural, spiritual, and civic activities, beyond just physical activity or workforce participation (Sadana and Michel 2019, Fallon and Karlawish 2019, Rudnicka et al. 2020).”
Poudel, S., Parajuli, A., Duwadi, N., Bhatta, B. K., Paudel, S., Khatri, D., Paneru, D. P., & Sharma, Y. P. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-22693-5 · Cited by 9
“Regardless of race, gender, socioeconomic status, and educational background, healthcare needs among an elderly population become more complex with age [2, 3].”
Socially sustainable environments for older adults ageing in place: a scoping review
Sturge, J. L., Miedema, E., Lindfors, A., & Nordin, S. (2025) · Ageing and Society · doi:10.1017/s0144686x25000194 · Cited by 12
“…risks associated with social isolation for older adults (Barnes et al. 2022; Dahlberg et al. 2022; Donovan and Blazer 2020; Fakoya et al. 2020; Rudnicka et al. 2020; Victor and Pikhartova 2020), including an increasing interest in the role of technology to reduce social isolation and increase…”
Band, S. S., Biyari, M., Hsu, C.-C., Ruga, T., Zumpano, E., Caroprese, L., Vocaturo, E., Dehzangi, A., Rawal, B. S., & Liang, H. (2025) · Cognitive Computation · doi:10.1007/s12559-025-10532-z · Cited by 10
“Consequently, the number of elderly people has increased [2, 3], and is expected to increase even further during the next decade [4].”
Sleep health in the older adults: Architecture, circadian changes, and common sleep disorders
Alhajaji, R., Jahrami, H., Pandi-Perumal, S. R., & BaHammam, A. S. (2026) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2026.103101 · Cited by 10
Rural-urban disparities in healthy ageing: Evidence from a national study in China
Deng, S. Y., Zhao, I. Y., Ho, M., Saravanakumar, P., Molassiotis, A., & Montayre, J. (2022) · Collegian Journal of the Royal College of Nursing Australia · doi:10.1016/j.colegn.2022.06.008 · Cited by 9
Kari, T., Makkonen, M., & Carlsson, C. P. O. (2022) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/08982643221135812 · Cited by 9
“…older citizens is rising in practically all countries worldwide, which together with the improving life expectancy at older ages (United Nations, 2019) makes healthy and physically active aging an increasing priority area for governing bodies and healthcare providers (e.g., Rudnicka et al., 2020).”
BackgroundCluster analysis of functional independence in community-dwelling older people
Molenaar, E., Barten, D., de Hoop, A. M. S., Bleijenberg, N., de Wit, N. J., & Veenhof, C. (2022) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-022-03684-2 · Cited by 9
“In line with the approach to healthy aging, it is advocated that future care for older people should aim to maintain the functional ability to enable well-being in older age [3, 4].”
BackgroundGonçalves, H., & da Silva, F. O. (2023) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2023.01.418 · Cited by 9
Supramolecular polymerization for dysphagia diets
Zhang, K., Dai, M., An, D., Nishinari, K., Xiao, Y., Zhu, M., Huang, W., & Dou, Z. (2023) · Journal of Food Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2023.111785 · Cited by 9
Shen, C., Lin, Y.-C., Lin, H., Chen, L., & Hsiao, F. (2023) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-023-02613-6 · Cited by 9
Utilizing Anthropometric Measurements and 3D Scanning for Health Assessment in Clinical Practice
Wang, M., Song, Y., Zhao, X., Wang, Y., & Zhang, M. (2024) · Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.5334/paah.379 · Cited by 9
Senior DT - A Design Thinking Method to Improve Requirements Engineering for Elderly Citizens
Jussli, A., & Gewald, H. (2021) · IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference Workshops (REW) · doi:10.1109/rew53955.2021.00045 · Cited by 9
Gaspar, A. G. M., & Lapão, L. V. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19031855 · Cited by 9
Amirova, A., Rimes, K. A., & Hackett, R. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.975776 · Cited by 10
Community pharmacies as a place for informal carer support in mental health and wellbeing
Richardson, C. L., Black, D., Lindsey, L., & Nazar, H. (2023) · International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy · doi:10.1007/s11096-023-01606-9 · Cited by 9
“Those countries which have recognized the legal status of carers have most often interpreted this in terms of flexible employment arrangements to better allow for caring responsibilities [8].”
BackgroundChen, P., Lee, Y., Chiang, C., Chang, H., Lu, C., & Huang, K. (2023) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000531371 · Cited by 9
Global Challenges in Caregiving for Older Adults: Solutions and Call to Action
Turale, S., & Thana, K. (2023) · Journal of Gerontological Nursing · doi:10.3928/00989134-20230106-01 · Cited by 9
Intrinsic Capacity Trajectories: The Underlying Social and Economic Determinants
Gutiérrez‐Robledo, L. M., & García-Chanes, R. E. (2023) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-023-1896-1 · Cited by 9
“Intrinsic capacity (IC) is central to functional ability, representing the composite of all physical and mental capacities an individual can draw upon, while interacting with the environment and social factors to define a person’s functional ability (2).”
Labata‐Lezaun, N., González-Rueda, V., Llurda-Almuzara, L., López-de–Celis, C., Rodríguez‐Sanz, J., Cadellans-Arróniz, A., Bosch, J., & Pérez‐Bellmunt, A. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11152169 · Cited by 8
“Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has defined healthy aging as “the process of developing and maintaining functional capacity that enables well-being in old age” [1].”
BackgroundAung, T. N. N., Lorga, T., Moolphate, S., Koyanagi, Y., Angkurawaranon, C., Supakankunti, S., Yuasa, M., & Aung, M. N. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11152217 · Cited by 8
“Population ageing is increasing worldwide [1,2] and Thailand is expected to step into the super-aged society as the percentage of Thailand’s total population aged over 60 years old is estimated to reach 28% by 2031 [3].”
BackgroundÇefle, A., Önen, F., Akkoç, N., Bırlık, M., Sarı, İ., Gündüz, Ö. S., Yi̇lmaz, S., Yolbaş, S., Avşar, A. K., Uslu, S., et al. (2024) · Archives of Rheumatology · doi:10.46497/archrheumatol.2024.10391 · Cited by 8
“According to these distinction criteria, it is estimated that approximately 13% of the world population is elderly currently.”
BackgroundRuffilli, A., Manzetti, M., Cargeli, A., Viroli, G., Ialuna, M., Traversari, M., Vita, F., Giannini, I. S., & Faldini, C. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13092553 · Cited by 9
“The World Health Organization’s projection states that by 2030, one in every six individuals worldwide will be over the age of 60, bringing to the forefront the urgent need to address the burgeoning health challenges associated with this shift [2].”
BackgroundInvestigating the dynamics of tax evasion and revenue leakage in somali customs
Nor, M. I., & Mohamed, A. A. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0303622 · Cited by 8
Li, H., Liu, S., & Zhou, L. (2024) · Public Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/phn.13365 · Cited by 8
“…Strategy on Healthy Agingproposesbuildinglong-term integrated healthcaresystems that provide health care focused on the needs and rights of older people, enabling 80-year old to, in some cases, exhibit better or similar mental and physical capacities to those of 30-year old (Rudnicka et al., 2020).”
Heydarikhayat, S., Kazeminia, M., Heydarikhayat, N., Rezaei, M., Heydarikhayat, N., & Ziapour, A. (2024) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-024-05440-0 · Cited by 8
Identification of research gaps to improve care for healthy ageing:a scoping review
Cesari, M., Canevelli, M., Thiyagarajan, J. A., Choi, S.-E., Grushevska, P., Kumar, S., Chen, M., Jang, H., Sumi, Y., & Banerjee, A. (2024) · Family Medicine and Community Health · doi:10.1136/fmch-2024-003116 · Cited by 8
Kalyoncuo, S., & Kartin, P. T. (2024) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.10.063 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Rudnicka, E., Napierała, P., Podfigurna, A., Męczekalski, B., Smolarczyk, R., & Grymowicz, M.
- Affiliations
- Medical University of Warsaw (PL)
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences (PL)
- Corresponding author
- Grymowicz, Monika
- Venue
- Maturitas
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-09
- Volume
- 139
- Pages
- 6-11
- ISSN
- 0378-5122 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7250103
- OpenAlex
- W3032592468
- Cited by
- 1,750
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 324 · 2025: 465 · 2024: 484 · 2023: 278 · 2022: 155 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 124.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Maturitas (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Life-span and Life-course Studies › Aging, Elder Care, and Social Issues
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Keywords
- healthy aging, World Health Organization, ageism, active ageing, older adults, developing countries, population aging
- MeSH terms
- Healthy Aging, Aged, Aging, Humans, Global Health, World Health Organization
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