Cited by 250Physical Activity and HealthCardiovascular and exercise physiologyObesity, Physical Activity, Diet

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Less Sitting, More Physical Activity, or Higher Fitness?

Bouchard, Claude, Blair, Steven N., Katzmarzyk, Peter T.·2015·Mayo Clinic Proceedings

DOI 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.08.005

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Abstract

Epidemiological studies have found that time spent in sedentary behaviors, levels of physical activity, and cardiorespiratory fitness are all associated with mortality rates. They are also related to the risks of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, aging-associated frailty, and cancer. The evidence is such that the National Institutes of Health recently launched a new Common Fund initiative aimed at identifying the molecular transducers of adaptation to physical activity in various tissues and organs. It has been estimated that 9.4% of all 57 million deaths in the world in 2008 could be attributed to physical inactivity, which translates into more than 5 million deaths worldwide. Physical inactivity has a deleterious effect that is comparable to smoking and obesity. Importantly, this global estimate relates to levels of physical activity and does not take into account sedentary behavior and cardiorespiratory fitness. Currently, there are national and international guidelines for physical activity level that are highly concordant. The weekly recommendations include 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity, 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity, or some combination of moderate and vigorous activity with 2 days of resistance exercise. However, these guidelines offer no recommendations regarding sedentary time or goals for cardiorespiratory fitness levels. It will be increasingly important for disease prevention, successful aging, and reduction of premature mortality to broaden the focus of the public health message to include not only more physical activity but also less sitting and higher cardiorespiratory fitness. We briefly review the evidence and discuss key issues to be addressed to make this approach a reality.

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Authors: Bouchard, C., Blair, S. N., & Katzmarzyk, P. T.
Affiliations: Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
University of South Carolina (US)
Corresponding author: Bouchard, Claude
ORCID: Bouchard, Claude
Blair, Steven N.
Katzmarzyk, Peter T.
Venue: Mayo Clinic Proceedings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2015-11
Volume: 90
Issue: 11
Pages: 1533-1540
ISSN: 0025-6196 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.08.005
OpenAlex: W2111660133
Cited by: 250
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 4
FWCI: 4.04
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Mayo Clinic Proceedings (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Keywords: sedentary behavior, physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical inactivity, mortality, disease prevention, physical activity guidelines, frailty, aging, premature mortality
MeSH terms: Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Life Style, Motor Activity, Obesity, Physical Fitness, Public Health, Risk Reduction Behavior, Sedentary Behavior

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