The DOI matches its Crossref record; 61 of the 61 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Human Carboxylesterase 2 in Cocaine Metabolism
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Increased hydrolysis of cocaine to non-toxic compounds is a promising way to prevent cocaine-induced toxicity. However, the short half-life of cocaine in the blood and the rapid conversion in the body to the hydrolysis-resistant metabolite benzoylecgonine, limits the therapeutic potential of serum proteins. Therefore, hydrolysis by tissue-specific hydrolases that do not generate benzoylecgonine deserves further investigation. Here, we report for the first time, the mechanism of cocaine hydrolysis by the human Carboxylesterase 2. We have combined conventional and accelerated Molecular Dynamics, which allowed us to identify the structural motions of the α1 and α10’ helices that act as a putative lid. Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics calculations on the full cycle showed that the rate-limiting step is the formation of benzoic acid (deacylation step) with an ΔG of 18.3 kcal.mol-1 (a value in close conformity with the experimental value of 19.7 kcal.mol-1).
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Grimme, S., Antony, J., Ehrlich, S., & Krieg, H. (2010) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.3382344 · Cited by 59,686
Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold
Jumper, J., Evans, R., Pritzel, A., Green, T., Figurnov, M., Ronneberger, O., Tunyasuvunakool, K., Bates, R., Žídek, A., Potapenko, A., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03819-2 · Cited by 43,764
Particle mesh Ewald: An N ⋅log( N ) method for Ewald sums in large systems
Darden, T., York, D., & Pedersen, L. (1993) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.464397 · Cited by 30,546
AutoDock4 and AutoDockTools4: Automated docking with selective receptor flexibility
Morris, G. M., Huey, R., Lindstrom, W., Sanner, M. F., Belew, R. K., Goodsell, D. S., & Olson, A. J. (2009) · Journal of Computational Chemistry · doi:10.1002/jcc.21256 · Cited by 25,486
Ryckaert, J.-P., Ciccotti, G., & Berendsen, H. J. C. (1977) · Journal of Computational Physics · doi:10.1016/0021-9991(77)90098-5 · Cited by 21,239
Development and testing of a general amber force field
Wang, J., Wolf, R. M., Caldwell, J. W., Kollman, P. A., & Case, D. A. (2004) · Journal of Computational Chemistry · doi:10.1002/jcc.20035 · Cited by 19,506
Quantum Mechanical Continuum Solvation Models
Tomasi, J., Mennucci, B., & Cammi, R. (2005) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr9904009 · Cited by 17,112
Bayly, C. I., Cieplak, P., Cornell, W. D., & Kollman, P. A. (1993) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/j100142a004 · Cited by 8,152
Comparison of multiple Amber force fields and development of improved protein backbone parameters
Horn̆ák, V., Abel, R., Okur, A., Strockbine, B., Roitberg, A. E., & Simmerling, C. L. (2006) · Proteins Structure Function and Bioinformatics · doi:10.1002/prot.21123 · Cited by 7,028
THE weighted histogram analysis method for free‐energy calculations on biomolecules. I. The method
Kumar, S., Rosenberg, J. M., Bouzida, D., Swendsen, R. H., & Kollman, P. A. (1992) · Journal of Computational Chemistry · doi:10.1002/jcc.540130812 · Cited by 6,808
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Grossfield, 2018, An Implementation of WHAM: The Weighted Histogram Analysis Method, v2.0.9
Metadata
- Authors
- Figueiredo, P. R., González, R. D., & Carvalho, A. T. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Coimbra (PT)
- Almac (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Carvalho, Alexandra T.P.
- Venue
- Molecular Catalysis
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-10
- Volume
- 515
- Pages
- 111938
- ISSN
- 2468-8231 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3204987835
- Cited by
- 9
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 0.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (am, 378 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Molecular Catalysis (acceptedVersion)
- ChemRxiv (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (IF/01272/2015, UIDB/04539/2020)
- European Regional Development Fund (01/SAICT/2016, 022153, CPCA/A2/4568/2020)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Physical Organic Chemistry and Reaction Kinetics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Enzyme function and inhibition
- Keywords
- CE2, cocaine hydrolysis, cocaine metabolism, benzoylecgonine, cocaine toxicity, deacylation, enzyme mechanism, quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics, molecular dynamics, reaction free energy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Human Carboxylesterase 2 in Cocaine Metabolism. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111938
- The paper
- Figueiredo, P. R., González, R. D., & Carvalho, A. T. P. (2021). Human Carboxylesterase 2 in Cocaine Metabolism. Molecular Catalysis. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111938
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
