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Cited by 610Membrane-based Ion Separation TechniquesMembrane Separation TechnologiesFuel Cells and Related Materials

Bipolar membranes: A review on principles, latest developments, and applications

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Pärnamäe, R., Mareev, S., Nikonenko, V., Melnikov, S., Sheldeshov, N., Zabolotskii, V., Hamelers, H.V.M., Tedesco, M.·2021·Journal of Membrane Science
DOI 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118538
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Abstract

Bipolar membranes (BPMs) are a special class of ion-exchange membranes constituted by a cation- and an anion-exchange layer, allowing the generation of protons and hydroxide ions via a water dissociation mechanism. Such unique feature makes bipolar membranes attractive for a variety of applications in many sectors, such as (bio)chemical industry, food processing, environmental protection, and energy conversion and storage, among others. Research and development on BPMs over the past two decades have created a growing market with commercial BPMs available today from multiple manufacturers. Moreover, BPMs are rapidly gaining attention for their technical, environmental, and economical advancements compared to conventional processes for the production of acid and base, or local pH control. This review article aims to provide an overall understanding of BPM technology by describing the current state of the art on membrane synthesis, properties, theoretical models, and applications, based on the last 70 years of scientific publications and patents in this field. Optimised BPM properties are discussed, together with a summary of the advances in BPM fabrication to attain the targeted optimised characteristics. Furthermore, novel BPM applications are presented, including a list of shortcomings of current membranes that need to be overcome to unlock new promising applications.

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  • BM permselectivity is significantly reduced due to the Donnan exclusion phenomena wherein salt leaks through the membrane into the Li product.

    “The BM permselectivity is signi fi cantly reduced due to the Donnan exclusion phenomena wherein salt leaks through the membrane into the Li product (Tanaka, 2015; Venugopal and Dharmalingam, 2016; Pärnamäe et al., 2021).”

    From A review of technologies for direct lithium extraction from low Li+ concentration aqueous solutions (2022) · cites this paper as Pärnamäe et al., 2021

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Authors
Pärnamäe, R., Mareev, S., Nikonenko, V., Melnikov, S., Sheldeshov, N., Zabolotskii, V., Hamelers, H. V. M., & Tedesco, M.
Affiliations
  • Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology (NL)
  • Kuban State University (RU)
Corresponding author
Tedesco, M.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Membrane Science
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-01
Volume
617
Pages
118538
ISSN
0376-7388 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118538
OpenAlex
W3048748123
Cited by
610
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 113 · 2025: 130 · 2024: 134 · 2023: 81 · 2022: 96 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 9
FWCI
18.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Membrane Science (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
  • Russian Science Foundation
  • Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
  • Horizon 2020 Framework Programme
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Membrane-based Ion Separation Techniques
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Membrane Separation Technologies
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Fuel Cells and Related Materials
Keywords
bipolar membranes, ion exchange membranes, water dissociation, membrane fabrication, membrane properties, theoretical model, pH control, membrane applications, energy storage and conversion, food processing, environmental protection

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