Cited by 246Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsHIV-related health complications and treatments

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The prevalence and risk of metabolic syndrome and its components among people with posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Rosenbaum, Simon, Stubbs, Brendon, Ward, Philip B., Steel, Zachary, Lederman, Oscar, Vancampfort, Davy·2015·Metabolism

DOI 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.04.009

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Abstract

Objective People with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have a higher mortality than the general population, mainly due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components are highly predictive of CVD. The aim of this meta-analysis was to describe pooled frequencies of MetS and its components in people with PTSD and to compare MetS prevalence in PTSD versus the general population. Method Medline, PsycARTICLES, Embase and CINAHL were searched until 02/2015 for cross-sectional and baseline data of longitudinal studies in adults with PTSD. Two independent reviewers conducted the searches and extracted data. Random effects meta-analysis with a relative risk, subgroups and meta-regression analyses were employed. Results Overall, 9 studies met the inclusion criteria including 9,673 individuals in midlife with PTSD and 6852 general population controls. The pooled MetS prevalence was 38.7% (95% CI = 32.1%-45.6%; Q = 52.1, p < 0.001; N = 9; n = 9,673; age range = 44-61 years). Abdominal obesity was observed in 49.3% (95% CI = 29.7%-69.0%), hyperglycemia in 36.1% (95% CI = 18.8%-55.6%), hypertriglyceridemia in 45.9% (95% CI = 12.2%-81.9%), low high density-lipoprotein-cholesterol in 46.4% (95% CI = 26.4%-67.0%) and hypertension in 76.9% (95% CI = 67.9%-84.8%). The MetS prevalence was consistently high across geographical regions, settings or populations (war veterans or not). Compared with matched general population controls, people with PTSD had an almost double increased risk for MetS (RR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.72-1.92; p < 0.001). Most analyses were not statistically heterogeneous. Conclusions MetS is highly prevalent in people with PTSD. Routine screening and multidisciplinary management of medical and behavioral conditions is needed. Future research should focus on how cardio-metabolic outcomes are moderated by clinical and treatment characteristics and genetic factors.

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Authors: Rosenbaum, S., Stubbs, B., Ward, P. B., Steel, Z., Lederman, O., & Vancampfort, D.
Affiliations: UNSW Sydney (AU)
University of Greenwich (GB)
KU Leuven (BE)
Corresponding author: Vancampfort, Davy
ORCID: Rosenbaum, Simon
Stubbs, Brendon
Ward, Philip B.
Steel, Zachary
Lederman, Oscar
Vancampfort, Davy
Venue: Metabolism
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2015-08
Volume: 64
Issue: 8
Pages: 926-933
ISSN: 0026-0495 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.04.009
OpenAlex: W2154972467
Cited by: 246
References: 59
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 6
FWCI: 2.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Metabolism (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Greenwich Academic Literature Archive (University of Greenwich) (acceptedVersion)
Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV-related health complications and treatments
Keywords: post-traumatic stress disorder, metabolic syndrome, prevalence, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol, hypertension, hyperglycemia, cardiovascular risk, war veterans, middle-aged adults, comorbidities, multidisciplinary management, trauma-informed care
MeSH terms: Humans, Risk, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Prevalence, Metabolic Syndrome

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The prevalence and risk of metabolic syndrome and its components among people with posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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