The DOI matches its Crossref record; 224 of the 226 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Early life stress, air pollution, inflammation, and disease: An integrative review and immunologic model of social-environmental adversity and lifespan health
Open accessAbstract
Socially disadvantaged individuals are at greater risk for simultaneously being exposed to adverse social and environmental conditions. Although the mechanisms underlying joint effects remain unclear, one hypothesis is that toxic social and environmental exposures have synergistic effects on inflammatory processes that underlie the development of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, depression, and certain types of cancer. In the present review, we examine how exposure to two risk factors that commonly occur with social disadvantage-early life stress and air pollution-affect health. Specifically, we identify neuroimmunologic pathways that could link early life stress, inflammation, air pollution, and poor health, and use this information to propose an integrated, multi-level model that describes how these factors may interact and cause health disparity across individuals based on social disadvantage. This model highlights the importance of interdisciplinary research considering multiple exposures across domains and the potential for synergistic, cross-domain effects on health, and may help identify factors that could potentially be targeted to reduce disease risk and improve lifespan health.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“SCI during pregnancy and childhood can have serious developmental consequences that include elevating the risk of non-communicable diseases over the life span7,8,26,27.”
From Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span (2019) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“childhood circumstances significantly impact metabolic and immune responses later in life, which in turn promote SCI in adulthood8,26,27,168,169”
From Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span (2019) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“exposure to psychological stress early in life—for example, in the form of abuse, neglect, maltreatment, bullying or living in a low socioeconomic environment—can heighten neural responses to threat that can upregulate inflammatory activity170, alter immuno-competence and lead to SCI throughout the lifecycle27,169”
From Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span (2019) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“Early life and childhood exposure to antibiotics, vaccination, diet, smoke, and psychosocial stress seems to lead to a long-term adverse influence throughout life.”
From Stress triggers flare of inflammatory bowel disease in children and adults (2019) · cites this paper as [72]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., Koss, M. P., & Marks, J. S. (1998) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(98)00017-8 · Cited by 18,943 · cited 8×
“…compared to individuals experiencing none of these types of adversity, and a 4- to 12-fold increase in risk for smoking, self-rated health complaints, alcoholism, drug abuse, depression, heart disease, and suicide (Anda et al., 2008; Dong et al., 2004; Dube et al., 2009; Felitti et al., 1998).”
BackgroundInfluentialMantovani, A., Allavena, P., Sica, A., & Balkwill, F. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07205 · Cited by 11,399 · cited 1×
“Indeed, several psychiatric disorders including substance abuse, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and schizophrenia have been linked to both early adversity exposure and inflammation, as have many somatic conditions, such as metabolic, cardiovascular, neoplastic, and rheumatic diseases (Anda et al., 2008, 2…”
Child abuse: Adolescent records vs. adult recall
Femina, D. D., Yeager, C. A., & Lewis, D. O. (1990) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(90)90033-p · Cited by 8,820
Protective and Damaging Effects of Stress Mediators
McEwen, B. S. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199801153380307 · Cited by 6,733 · cited 2×
“, IL-6, TNFα)- on cellular activities (enzyme, receptor, ion channel, genomic) (Juster et al., 2010; McEwen, 1998; McEwen and Wingfield, 2003).”
Epigenetic programming by maternal behavior
Weaver, I. C. G., Cervoni, N., Champagne, F. A., D'Alessio, A. C., Sharma, S., Seckl, J. R., Dymov, S., Szyf, M., & Meaney, M. J. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1276 · Cited by 6,177
Hughes, K., Bellis, M. A., Hardcastle, K. A., Sethi, D., Butchart, A., Mikton, C., Jones, L., & Dunne, M. P. (2017) · The Lancet Public Health · doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(17)30118-4 · Cited by 5,255 · cited 1×
“In this context, the terms early life stress or early adversity, have referred to different types of stressors, including violence, poverty, maltreatment, abuse, and neglect, as well as parental substance abuse or mental illness (Carroll et al., 2011; Dube et al., 2001; Hughes et al., 2017; Infurna et al., 2016; Lacey…”
The Lifelong Effects of Early Childhood Adversity and Toxic Stress
Shonkoff, J. P., Garner, A. S., THE COMMITTEE ON PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF CHILD AND FAMILY HEALTH, C. O. E. C., Siegel, B. S., Dobbins, M. I., Earls, M. F., Garner, A. S., McGuinn, L., Pascoe, J., & Wood, D. L. (2012) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2011-2663 · Cited by 5,164
Brunekreef, B., & Holgate, S. T. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11274-8 · Cited by 4,701
Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Bremner, J. D., Walker, J. D., Whitfield, C., Perry, B. D., Dube, S. R., & Giles, W. H. (2006) · European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-005-0624-4 · Cited by 4,292
Inflammation, stress, and diabetes
Wellen, K. E., & Hotamisligil, G. S. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci25102 · Cited by 4,143 · cited 1×
“Second, many of these diseases have an underlying inflammatory component (Danese et al., 2009; O’Neill et al., 2007; Slavich and Irwin, 2014; Wellen and Hotamisligil, 2005).”
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–133 of 133
A cohort data-based perspective on ecological aspects predicaments in human health
Pimpale, Y., & Gupta, S. (2022) · Human and Ecological Risk Assessment An International Journal · doi:10.1080/10807039.2022.2146574 · Cited by 1
“Olvera Alvarez et al. (2018) Early life stress, air pollution Heart, brain, lungs.”
BackgroundPsychological aspects in rehabilitation : a wide view expands the mind
Schrier, E. (2019) · University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)
Miller, J. G., Dennis, E. L., Jo, B., & Gotlib, I. H. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/763896
“We controlled for variables that have been posited to be correlated with ambient air pollution exposure, including minority status, poverty rate, educational attainment, and unemployment (19-22) (see supplementary materials), but we cannot definitively rule out all possible confounds or selection variables that might…”
BackgroundHedges, D., Farrer, T. J., Bigler, E. D., & Hopkins, R. O. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-14260-5_18
Nieman, D. C. (2020) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.737032981.793575943
Development of Cohort-Based Prediction Model for Human Health in Relation to Ecological AspectsPreprint
Pimpale, Y., & Gupta, S. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1701230/v1
Pimpale, Y., & Gupta, S. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1637267/v1
Pimpale, Y., & Gupta, S. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4157061
Environmental Health in Ukraine: Lessons from 9/11
Ihde, E. S., & Nazarenko, Y. (2022) · EXPLORE · doi:10.1016/j.explore.2022.08.014
Gładka, A., Zatoński, T., & Rymaszewska, J. (2022) · Psiquiatría Biológica · doi:10.1016/j.psiq.2022.100367
Pimpale, Y., Gupta, S., & Kanday, R. (2022) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2327/1/012066
Musharyanto, M., Barlian, E., Heldi, & Gusman, M. (2024) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0185867
(2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-23565-8.09996-8
Lifestyle Factors Affecting Biological Processes and Health
Anisman, H., Hayley, S. P., & Kusnecov, A. W. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-23565-8.00009-0
Psychological Frameworks for Understanding Global Health
Barello, S. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-88408-5_1
Percepción de bienestar socioambiental en adolescentes durante COVID19, en México
Quintanilla‐Montoya, A. L., Morrill, E. I. R., González, C. V. M., & Ruvalcaba, S. L. P. (2025) · Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar · doi:10.37811/cl_rcm.v9i2.17451
Davidson, N. V., Masese, C., Han, C., Massac, L. A., Ishikawa, Y., Reynolds, G., Smithson, C., Cook, J., Manners, M. T., & Robinson, S. A. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.06.26.661880
Silva, C. F., Barreira, V., Beirão, D., Sá, L., & Santos, P. (2025) · Archives of Public Health · doi:10.1186/s13690-025-01680-7
Gestational phthalate levels and biomarkers of aging in infants and children from New York City
Bloomquist, T. R., Gaylord, A., Cowell, W., Perera, F. P., Guo, J., Wang, S., Factor-Litvak, P. R., Baccarelli, A., Herbstman, J. B., & Kupsco, A. J. (2025) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2025.122583
Avoidable Mortality Burden Attributable to PM2.5 in Madrid (Spain)
Encuentra, Á. L., Cid, E. G., Abraira, V., & Coronado, L. M. P. (2025) · Open Respiratory Archives · doi:10.1016/j.opresp.2025.100494
The Role of Genetic Susceptibility in Prostate Cancer: Insights from Recent Studies
Olalekan, S. F., Oluboyo, A. O., Oladunjoye, A., & Sanusi, F. U. (2025) · Journal of Bio-X Research · doi:10.34133/jbioxresearch.0074
Glaser, C., Donzella, B., Spurrier, G. F., Aran, Ö., Linden, M. A., Gunnar, M. R., & Reid, B. M. (2026) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2026.106487
Interacción entre la psiconeuroinmunología, el estrés y el cáncer en adultos
Henao, Y. V. G., Restrepo, S., & Agudelo, P. V. S. (2025) · Revista de Psicología Universidad de Antioquia · doi:10.17533/udea.rp.e354500
Lasky, E., Befus, K. M., Davar, L., Dillon, L., Griggs, G., Jacobs, J. A., Pickett, C., Sacoolas, S., Reid, C., & Hill, K. (2026) · Environmental Research Communications · doi:10.1088/2515-7620/ae57fc
Mengelkoch, S., Afshar, K., & Slavich, G. M. (2026) · PNAS Nexus · doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag118
Self-citationClougherty, J. E., Kinnee, E., & Sheffield, P. E. (2026) · Journal of Urban Health · doi:10.1007/s11524-026-01071-5
“Violence impacts human health via direct (psycho-social) [88, 89] and indirect (behavioral) pathways (e.g., smoking, alcohol consumption) [90, 91], on both chronic and acute timescales.”
Prada, D., Ramírez, A., Rajendrakumar, A. L., Maroko, A., Stewart, J. D., Liao, D., Cantú-de-León, D., García-Cuellar, C., González-Ruíz, J., Whitsel, E. A., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1832667
From genes to environment: A life-course approach to prevent pediatric autoimmune diseases
Al‐Beltagi, M., Saeed, N. K., Bediwy, A. S., Bediwy, E. A., & Elbeltagi, R. M. (2026) · World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.5409/wjcp.117421
Childhood misfortunes and metabolic syndrome in old age: European prospective cohort study
Kistler, V., Sieber, S., Cheval, B., van der Linden, B. W. A., Jungo, K. T., Jackisch, J., Ihle, A., Carmeli, C., Courvoisier, D. S., Lagger, G., et al. (2026) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104959
Kaia, W.-M., Frederick, P., Fuoco, J., Loose, T., Chartrand, E., Alain, G., Bolanis, D., Pennestri, M., Khoury, B., Ouellet‐Morin, I., et al. (2026) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2026.103188
Mancini, C., Segni, M. D., Pizzetti, S., Mancini, G., Marino, G., Denitti, M., & Ventura, R. (2026) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106989
Pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus
Shen, G. X., Osman, W. M., Yamamoto, J. M., & Lewis, K. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13265-0.00004-5
Metadata
- Authors
- Olvera Alvarez, H. A., Kubzansky, L. D., Campen, M. J., & Slavich, G. M.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- University of New Mexico (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-09
- Volume
- 92
- Pages
- 226-242
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6082389
- OpenAlex
- W2805640433
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 226
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 1.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Branco Weiss Fellowship â Society in Science
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01 ES014639, 3R01ES014639-09S1)
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression (23958)
- Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (K08 MH103443)
- National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
- Keywords
- early life stress, air pollution, inflammation, social deprivation, health disparities, neuroimmunology, chronic disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, depression, cancer, lifespan health, multi-level model
- MeSH terms
- Air Pollution, Humans, Inflammation, Longevity, Social Environment, Stress, Psychological, Models, Immunological
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review