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From many to (n)one: Meditation and the plasticity of the predictive mind

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Laukkonen, Ruben E., Slagter, Heleen A.·2021·Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

DOI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.021

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Abstract

How profoundly can humans change their own minds? In this paper we offer a unifying account of deconstructive meditation under the predictive processing view. We start from simple axioms. First, the brain makes predictions based on past experience, both phylogenetic and ontogenetic. Second, deconstructive meditation brings one closer to the here and now by disengaging anticipatory processes. We propose that practicing meditation therefore gradually reduces counterfactual temporally deep cognition, until all conceptual processing falls away, unveiling a state of pure awareness. Our account also places three main styles of meditation (focused attention, open monitoring, and non-dual) on a single continuum, where each technique relinquishes increasingly engrained habits of prediction, including the predicted self. This deconstruction can also permit certain insights by making the above processes available to introspection. Our framework is consistent with the state of empirical and (neuro)phenomenological evidence and illuminates the top-down plasticity of the predictive mind. Experimental rigor, neurophenomenology, and no-report paradigms are needed to further understanding of how meditation affects predictive processing and the self.

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Authors: Laukkonen, R. E., & Slagter, H. A.
Affiliations: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
Corresponding author: Laukkonen, Ruben E.
Slagter, Heleen A.
ORCID: Laukkonen, Ruben E.
Slagter, Heleen A.
Venue: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2021-09
Volume: 128
Pages: 199-217
ISSN: 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.021
OpenAlex: W3160885204
Cited by: 187
References: 189
Citations by year: 2026: 31 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 8
FWCI: 3.65
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: European Research Council (679399)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
Keywords: meditation, predictive processing, predictive mind, anticipatory processing, self, focused attention, pure awareness, self-reflection, neurophenomenology, no-report paradigm
MeSH terms: Attention, Brain, Cognition, Humans, Phylogeny, Meditation

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From many to (n)one: Meditation and the plasticity of the predictive mind

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