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Interoceptive technologies for psychiatric interventions: From diagnosis to clinical applications
Open accessAbstract
Interoception-the perception of internal bodily signals-has emerged as an area of interest due to its implications in emotion and the prevalence of dysfunctional interoceptive processes across psychopathological conditions. Despite the importance of interoception in cognitive neuroscience and psychiatry, its experimental manipulation remains technically challenging. This is due to the invasive nature of existing methods, the limitation of self-report and unimodal measures of interoception, and the absence of standardized approaches across disparate fields. This article integrates diverse research efforts from psychology, physiology, psychiatry, and engineering to address this oversight. Following a general introduction to the neurophysiology of interoception as hierarchical predictive processing, we review the existing paradigms for manipulating interoception (e.g., interoceptive modulation), their underlying mechanisms (e.g., interoceptive conditioning), and clinical applications (e.g., interoceptive exposure). We suggest a classification for interoceptive technologies and discuss their potential for diagnosing and treating mental health disorders. Despite promising results, considerable work is still needed to develop standardized, validated measures of interoceptive function across domains and before these technologies can translate safely and effectively to clinical settings.
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“Interoceptive exposure therapy, involving systematic exposure to distressing bodily sensations (e.g., chemoreceptive CO2 tasks, respiratory or cardiovascular disruptions), has demonstrated efficacy in reducing anxiety symptoms and increasing tolerance of interoceptive signals [62].”
From Neural correlates of altered interoception in depressive and anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2026) · cites this paper as [62]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Schoeller, F., Horowitz, A. H., Jain, A., Maes, P., Reggente, N., Christov-Moore, L., Pezzulo, G., Barca, L., Allen, M., Salomon, R., Miller, M., Di Lernia, D., Riva, G., Tsakiris, M., Chalah, M. A., Klein, A., Zhang, B., Garcia, T., Pollack, U., Trousselard, M., Verdonk, C., Dumas, G., Adrien, V., & Friston, K.
- Affiliations
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- MIT Media Lab (US)
- National Research Council (IT)
- Aarhus University (DK)
- University of Haifa (IL)
- Hokkaido University (JP)
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (IT)
- Université Paris-Est Créteil (FR)
- Child Mind Institute (US)
- Université de Montréal (CA)
- Sorbonne Université (FR)
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (GB)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-01
- Volume
- 156
- Pages
- 105478
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4388948727
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 223
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 21
- FWCI
- 1.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hal.science
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- IRIS eCampus Telematic University (Università degli Studi eCampus) (submittedVersion)
- Scopus (Elsevier) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
- European Commission (HORIZON2020, 945539)
- Lundbeckfonden (R272‐2017‐4345)
- Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (ERC-2016-COG, R272-2017-4345, #945539, 820213)
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (dgecr-2023-00089)
- H2020 European Research Council (820213, 948788, 724537)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- interoception, interoceptive conditioning, interoceptive exposure, predictive processing, mental illness, psychiatric diagnosis, emotion regulation
- MeSH terms
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Awareness, Mental Disorders, Emotions, Heart Rate, Humans, Self Report, Interoception
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