Ceftriaxone mediated rescue of nigral oxidative damage and motor deficits in MPTP model of Parkinson's disease in rats

Ceftriaxone exhibits a neuroprotective effect in addition to its antibacterial effect in PD.

“it exhibits a neuroprotective effect in addition to its antibacterial effect in PD [15, 20]”

These results are consistent with previous reports that ceftriaxone could improve the motor dysfunction of PD.

“These results are consistent with previous reports that ceftriaxone could improve the motor dysfunction of PD [20, 22].”

CTX reduces IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum.

“Further studies proved the ability of CTX to reduce the levels of the main pro-inflammatory mediators TLR-4, MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary response 88), IL-1β, TNF-α and NF-κB in the brain, TLR-4, MyD88, and NF-κB in the colon and IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum [232,233,234].”

CTX prevents oxidative damage in MPTP-treated rats.

“Similarly, CTX-mediated increase in the main antioxidant modulators glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase was found to prevent the oxidative damage observed in rats treated with MPTP [233,234].”

CTX reduces TLR-4, MyD88, and NF-κB in the colon.

“Further studies proved the ability of CTX to reduce the levels of the main pro-inflammatory mediators TLR-4, MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary response 88), IL-1β, TNF-α and NF-κB in the brain, TLR-4, MyD88, and NF-κB in the colon and IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum [232,233,234].”

CTX increases glutathione, SOD and catalase in MPTP-treated rats.

“Similarly, CTX-mediated increase in the main antioxidant modulators glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase was found to prevent the oxidative damage observed in rats treated with MPTP [233,234].”

CTX reduces TLR-4, MyD88, IL-1β, TNF-α and NF-κB in the brain.

“Further studies proved the ability of CTX to reduce the levels of the main pro-inflammatory mediators TLR-4, MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary response 88), IL-1β, TNF-α and NF-κB in the brain, TLR-4, MyD88, and NF-κB in the colon and IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum [232,233,234].”

CTX administration reverts motor impairment in PD models.

“As a consequence, dyskinesia, motor impairment and memory loss were all reverted upon CTX administration [233,234,237,238,239,240,242,243,244], although conflicting evidence still remains about its ability to improve learning outcomes [245].”

CTX administration reverts dyskinesia in PD models.

“As a consequence, dyskinesia, motor impairment and memory loss were all reverted upon CTX administration [233,234,237,238,239,240,242,243,244], although conflicting evidence still remains about its ability to improve learning outcomes [245].”

CTX administration reverts memory loss in PD models.

“As a consequence, dyskinesia, motor impairment and memory loss were all reverted upon CTX administration [233,234,237,238,239,240,242,243,244], although conflicting evidence still remains about its ability to improve learning outcomes [245].”