The DOI matches its Crossref record; 149 of the 153 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Sex and age differences in atrophic rates: an ADNI study with n=1368 MRI scans
Open accessAbstract
We set out to determine factors that influence the rate of brain atrophy in 1-year longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. With tensor-based morphometry (TBM), we mapped the 3-dimensional profile of progressive atrophy in 144 subjects with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) (age: 76.5 +/- 7.4 years), 338 with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI; 76.0 +/- 7.2), and 202 healthy controls (77.0 +/- 5.1), scanned twice, 1 year apart. Statistical maps revealed significant age and sex differences in atrophic rates. Brain atrophic rates were about 1%-1.5% faster in women than men. Atrophy was faster in younger than older subjects, most prominently in mild cognitive impairment, with a 1% increase in the rates of atrophy and 2% in ventricular expansion, for every 10-year decrease in age. TBM-derived atrophic rates correlated with reduced beta-amyloid and elevated tau levels (n = 363) at baseline, baseline and progressive deterioration in clinical measures, and increasing numbers of risk alleles for the ApoE4 gene. TBM is a sensitive, high-throughput biomarker for tracking disease progression in large imaging studies; sub-analyses focusing on women or younger subjects gave improved sample size requirements for clinical trials.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The brain atrophy rate is 1–1.5% faster in women with AD than that in men [6].”
From Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease (2023) · cites this paper as [6]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“After diagnosis, women also progress faster with more rapid cognitive and functional declines [3–8]”
From Sex-specific DNA methylation differences in Alzheimer’s disease pathology (2021) · cites this paper as [8]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Sex is an important factor that contributes to the clinical and biological heterogeneities in Alzheimer’s disease (AD)”
From Sex-specific DNA methylation differences in Alzheimer’s disease pathology (2021) · cites this paper as [8]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing
Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, Y. (1995) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x · Cited by 109,482
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · Cited by 88,282
An Introduction to the Bootstrap
Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1994) · doi:10.1201/9780429246593 · Cited by 40,500
PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses.
Purcell, S., Neale, B., Todd-Brown, K., Thomas, L., Ferreira, M. A. R., Bender, D., Maller, J., Sklar, P., de Bakker, P. I. W., Daly, M. J., et al. (2007) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/519795 · Cited by 34,089
McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Katzman, R., Price, D., & Stadlan, E. M. (1984) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.34.7.939 · Cited by 27,915
Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes.
Braak, H., & Braak, E. (1991) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00308809 · Cited by 16,123
Advances in functional and structural MR image analysis and implementation as FSL
Smith, S. M., Jenkinson, M., Woolrich, M. W., Beckmann, C. F., Behrens, T. E. J., Johansen-Berg, H., Bannister, P. R., De Luca, M., Drobnjak, I., Flitney, D. E., et al. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.07.051 · Cited by 13,630
The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): Current version and scoring rules
Morris, J. C. (1993) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.43.11.2412-a · Cited by 9,882
Corder, E. H., Saunders, A. M., Strittmatter, W. J., Schmechel, D. E., Gaskell, P. C., Small, G. W., Roses, A. D., Haines, J. L., & Pericak-Vance, M. A. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8346443 · Cited by 9,429
A New Clinical Scale for the Staging of Dementia
Hughes, C. P., Berg, L., Danziger, W., Coben, L. A., & Martin, R. L. (1982) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.140.6.566 · Cited by 7,056
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–264 of 264
Homogeneity Estimation in Multivariate Generalized Linear Models
Ding, H., Wang, Z., Wu, Y., & Wu, Y. (2023) · Communications in Mathematics and Statistics · doi:10.1007/s40304-023-00353-7
Ji, W., An, K., Wang, C., & Wang, S. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21275950
Ji, W., An, K., Wang, C., & Wang, S. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21275956
Ji, W., An, K., Wang, C., & Wang, S. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21275968
Ji, W., An, K., Wang, C., & Wang, S. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21275974
Ji, W., An, K., Wang, C., & Wang, S. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21275953
Ji, W., An, K., Wang, C., & Wang, S. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21275959
Ji, W., An, K., Wang, C., & Wang, S. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21275962
Ji, W., An, K., Wang, C., & Wang, S. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21275977
Ji, W., An, K., Wang, C., & Wang, S. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21275971
Ji, W., An, K., Wang, C., & Wang, S. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21275965
Additional file 2 of Sex-specific DNA methylation differences in Alzheimer’s disease pathology
Zhang, L., Young, J. I., Gomez, L., Silva, T. C., Schmidt, M. A., Cai, J., Chen, X., Martin, E. R., & Wang, L. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14490464
Du, W., Ding, C., Zhong, J., Fan, C., Li, Y., Jiang, J., & Han, Y. (2024) · Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases · doi:10.20517/and.2023.17
Edwards, T. A., Zhai, T., Nho, K. T., Saykin, A. J., Long, Q., & Shen, L. (2025) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central)
Additional file 11 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598377
Additional file 1 of Sex-specific DNA methylation differences in Alzheimer’s disease pathology
Zhang, L., Young, J. I., Gomez, L., Silva, T. C., Schmidt, M. A., Cai, J., Chen, X., Martin, E. R., & Wang, L. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14490461
Llera-Oyola, J., Carceller, H., Andreu, Z., Hidalgo, M. R., Soler-Sáez, I., Gordillo, F., Gómez-Cabañes, B., Roson, B., de la Iglesia-Vayá, M., Mancuso, R., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26675246
Llera-Oyola, J., Carceller, H., Andreu, Z., Hidalgo, M. R., Soler-Sáez, I., Gordillo, F., Gómez-Cabañes, B., Roson, B., de la Iglesia-Vayá, M., Mancuso, R., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26675243
Additional file 2 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598350
Additional file 13 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598383
Additional file 1 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598347
Additional file 5 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598359
Additional file 23 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598413
Additional file 20 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598404
Additional file 25 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598419
Additional file 4 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598356
Additional file 7 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598365
Llera-Oyola, J., Carceller, H., Andreu, Z., Hidalgo, M. R., Soler-Sáez, I., Gordillo, F., Gómez-Cabañes, B., Roson, B., de la Iglesia-Vayá, M., Mancuso, R., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26675255
Additional file 26 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598422
Additional file 18 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598398
Additional file 29 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598431
Additional file 3 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598353
Additional file 8 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598368
Additional file 14 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598386
Additional file 6 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598362
Additional file 16 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598392
Additional file 9 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598371
Llera-Oyola, J., Carceller, H., Andreu, Z., Hidalgo, M. R., Soler-Sáez, I., Gordillo, F., Gómez-Cabañes, B., Roson, B., de la Iglesia-Vayá, M., Mancuso, R., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26675249
Fujishima, M., Kawasaki, Y., Mitsuhashi, T., & Matsuda, H. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25583953
Fujishima, M., Kawasaki, Y., Mitsuhashi, T., & Matsuda, H. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25584003
Additional file 10 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598374
Additional file 27 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598425
Additional file 15 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598389
Additional file 17 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598395
Additional file 30 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598434
Additional file 22 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598410
Wang, Y., Ye, M., Ji, Q., Liu, Q., Xu, X., & Zhan, Y. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26739390
Additional file 12 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598380
Additional file 21 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598407
Additional file 24 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598416
Llera-Oyola, J., Carceller, H., Andreu, Z., Hidalgo, M. R., Soler-Sáez, I., Gordillo, F., Gómez-Cabañes, B., Roson, B., de la Iglesia-Vayá, M., Mancuso, R., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26675258
Llera-Oyola, J., Carceller, H., Andreu, Z., Hidalgo, M. R., Soler-Sáez, I., Gordillo, F., Gómez-Cabañes, B., Roson, B., de la Iglesia-Vayá, M., Mancuso, R., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26675252
Additional file 19 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598401
Additional file 28 of Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, L., Cao, J., Hou, J., Li, Y., Huang, M., Zhu, L., Zhang, L., Lee, Y., Duarte, M. L., Zhou, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598428
Tisdale, R. K., Sun, Y., Miller, S. R., Lee, S. M., Park, S., Shin, J., Allocca, G., Palop, J. J., & Kilduff, T. S. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2025.12.29.696818
Self-citationSleep-Wake Transitions Are Impaired in the AppNL-G-F Mouse Model of Early Onset Alzheimer’s DiseasePreprint
Tisdale, R. K., Sun, Y., Miller, S. R., Lee, S. M., Park, S., Shin, J., Allocca, G., Palop, J. J., & Kilduff, T. S. (2026) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.110240.1
Self-citationTisdale, R. K., Sun, Y., Miller, S. R., Lee, S. M., Park, S., Shin, J., Allocca, G., Palop, J. J., & Kilduff, T. S. (2026) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.110240 · Cited by 1
Self-citationSex-specific retina–brain signatures link ERα/ERβ imbalance with gliosis in Alzheimer’s diseasePreprint
Shahin, S., Vit, J., Rentsendorj, A., Fuchs, D.-T. S., Swerdlow, N., Gaire, B. P., Robinson, E., Kissel, A., Hagerman, L., Williams, A., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.04.30.722000
Yu, G., Thorpe, A. L., Zeng, Q., Wang, E., Goate, A., Cai, D., Wang, M., & Zhang, B. (2026) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.71463 · Cited by 5
Tisdale, R. K., Sun, Y., Miller, S. R., Lee, S. M., Park, S., Shin, J., Allocca, G., Palop, J. J., & Kilduff, T. S. (2026) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.110240.2
Self-citationGrey- and white-matter resilience to tau, cognition and sex in Alzheimer’s diseasePreprint
Boutin, S., Houzé, B., Bedetti, C., Binette, A. P., Brambati, S. M., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.06.16.26355812
de Ávila, C., Chakraborti, A., Gundlach, A. L., & Maeng, L. Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2026.1852733
Seçgin, Y., Yenigül, H., Karagöz, C. K., Sağlam, Ö. C., Acer, N., & Initiative, T. F. L. D. N. (2026) · Clinical Anatomy · doi:10.1002/ca.70212
Fontana, I. C., Comber, T., Aurora, S. K., Blackburn, D. J., Buckley, R. F., Chow, C., Chow, T. W., Croney, R., Crutch, S. J., Holdridge, K. C., et al. (2026) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.71928
Metadata
- Authors
- Hua, X., Hibar, D. P., Lee, S., Toga, A. W., Jack, C. R., Weiner, M. W., & Thompson, P. M.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- San Francisco VA Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Thompson, Paul M.
- Venue
- Neurobiology of Aging
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-08
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1463-1480
- ISSN
- 0197-4580 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2927200
- OpenAlex
- W2103030628
- Cited by
- 234
- References
- 153
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 5.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Neurobiology of Aging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Dana Foundation
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01 HD050735)
- National Institutes of Health (K01 AG030514, P30 AG010129, U54-RR021813)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R01 EB007813, R01 EB008281, R01 EB008432)
- National Institute on Aging (R01 AG020098)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Keywords
- brain atrophy rate, sex differences, age differences, Alzheimer's disease, amnestic mild cognitive impairment, ventriculomegaly, amyloid-beta, tau protein, APOE ε4, disease progression biomarkers
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Atrophy, Cognition Disorders, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Sex Characteristics, Disease Progression
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
