Cited by 312Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation StudiesEEG and Brain-Computer InterfacesBlind Source Separation Techniques

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Removing artefacts from TMS-EEG recordings using independent component analysis: Importance for assessing prefrontal and motor cortex network properties

Rogasch, Nigel C., Thomson, Richard H., Farzan, Faranak, Fitzgibbon, Bernadette M., Bailey, Neil W., Hernandez-Pavon, Julio C., Daskalakis, Zafiris J., Fitzgerald, Paul B.·2014·NeuroImage

DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.07.037

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Abstract

Introduction The combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) is emerging as a powerful tool for causally investigating cortical mechanisms and networks. However, various artefacts contaminate TMS-EEG recordings, particularly over regions such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The aim of this study was to substantiate removal of artefacts from TMS-EEG recordings following stimulation of the DLPFC and motor cortex using independent component analysis (ICA). Methods 36 healthy volunteers (30.8 ± 9 years, 9 female) received 75 single TMS pulses to the left DLPFC or left motor cortex while EEG was recorded from 57 electrodes. A subset of 9 volunteers also received 50 sham pulses. The large TMS artefact and early muscle activity (-2 to ~15 ms) were removed using interpolation and the remaining EEG signal was processed in two separate ICA runs using the FastICA algorithm. Five sub-types of TMS-related artefacts were manually identified: remaining muscle artefacts, decay artefacts, blink artefacts, auditory-evoked potentials and other noise-related artefacts. The cause of proposed blink and auditory-evoked potentials was assessed by concatenating known artefacts (i.e. voluntary blinks or auditory-evoked potentials resulting from sham TMS) to the TMS trials before ICA and evaluating grouping of resultant independent components (ICs). Finally, we assessed the effect of removing specific artefact types on TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs) and TMS-evoked oscillations. Results Over DLPFC, ICs from proposed muscle and decay artefacts correlated with TMS-evoked muscle activity size, whereas proposed TMS-evoked blink ICs combined with voluntary blinks and auditory ICs with auditory-evoked potentials from sham TMS. Individual artefact sub-types characteristically distorted each measure of DLPFC function across the scalp. When free of artefact, TEPs and TMS-evoked oscillations could be measured following DLPFC stimulation. Importantly, characteristic TEPs following motor cortex stimulation (N15, P30, N45, P60, N100) could be recovered from artefactual data, corroborating the reliability of ICA-based artefact correction. Conclusions Various different artefacts contaminate TMS-EEG recordings over the DLPFC and motor cortex. However, these artefacts can be removed with apparent minimal impact on neural activity using ICA, allowing the study of TMS-evoked cortical network properties.

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Self-citation
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Influential
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“70 Additionally, inducing stronger muscle contractions may lead to more pronounced unwanted indirect cortical activations associated with multisensory responses.”
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Self-citation
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“Lastly, while our pre-processing follows the approach of Rogasch et al., 2014 [28 ], different pre-processing approaches exist in the literature [41 ] and future studies could explore the effects of different pre-processing methods on TEPs characterization.”
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Influential
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Method
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Zhang, J., Li, Y., Liu, X., Zhang, J., Fan, J., Zhong, D., Li, J., Zheng, Z., & Jin, R. (2025) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116616 · Cited by 2
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BackgroundMethodSelf-citation
Evaluation of GABA A R-mediated inhibition in the human brain using TMS-evoked potentialsPreprint
Šulcová, D., Salatino, A., Ivanoiu, A., & Mouraux, A. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.10.31.514225 · Cited by 3
“Data pre-processing generally followed a previously established pipeline [41].”
Method
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Self-citation
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Fong, P., Rothwell, J. C., & Rocchi, L. (2024) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci14050432 · Cited by 1
“This procedure has been applied in some reports to reduce vertex potentials evoked by auditory stimulation [70,85,86] and may theoretically be effective in reducing somatosensory responses as well, due to their spatial and temporal overlap [81]; however, further validation is needed before…”
BackgroundMethod
Cortical dysfunction and impulsivity in non-suicidal self-injury: a multimodal study using TMS-EEG and fNIRS
Tan, B., Tong, C., Xie, P. P., Shou, L., Ning, Y., Hu, L., & Yuan, T. (2025) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2025.2566396 · Cited by 1
“The analysis involved several sequential steps to ensure the removal of artifacts and the extraction of clean neural signals [28].”
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Jovellar, D. B., Turrini, S., Belardinelli, P., Roy, O., Santarnecchi, E., & Ziemann, U. (2026) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2386-24.2026 · Cited by 1
Mapping human cortical excitability through coupling between robotized TMS and EEG
Harquel, S., Chauvin, A., Beynel, L., Guyader, N., Marendaz, C., & Olivier David, A. (2015) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2015.01.336 · Cited by 1
“EEG signal processing The EEG preprocessing was performed using the Fieldtrip toolbox for Matlab, and following the methodology described in [3], using two rounds of ICA.”
Method
Task Modulated Cortical Response During Emotion Regulation: A TMS Evoked Potential Study
Li, W., Li, Y., & Cao, D. (2018) · Lecture notes in electrical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-2375-1_62 · Cited by 1
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D’Ausilio, A., Pellicciari, M. C., Casula, E. P., & Fadiga, L. (2023) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-3263-5_10 · Cited by 2
Cortical inhibition on TMS-EEG: interstimulus interval effect on short-interval paired-pulse *
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“The TMS artifact was deleted and interpolated [28].”
Method
Spectral F Test for detecting TMS/EEG responses
de Almeida, A. C., Massote, M. A., Ichinose, R. M., & de Sá, A. M. F. L. M. (2020) · Biomedical Signal Processing and Control · doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2019.101840 · Cited by 1
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Yin, S., & Li, Y. (2019) · PubMed Central · doi:10.7507/1001-5515.201802011 · Cited by 1
Diffusion geometry approach to efficiently remove electrical stimulation artifacts in intracranial electroencephalographyPreprint
Alagapan, S., Shin, H. W., Frӧhlich, F., & Wu, H. (2018) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1811.08428 · Cited by 1
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Voineskos, D. (2019) · TSpace (University of Toronto) · Cited by 1
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MethodInfluential
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Stango, A., Zazio, A., Barchiesi, G., Bonfiglio, N. S., & Bortoletto, M. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.03.05.641655 · Cited by 1
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“Referring to previously reported methods [ 33 , 50 , 51 ], the following procedure was used to remove TMS artifacts and noisy epochs: First, a period of the TMS onset to 20 ms was linearly interpolated, as this is the time frame during which the ringing artifact can be visually observed.”
NeuroTest: a benchtop testbed for evaluating sensing-capable electrophysiology and neurostimulation systemsPreprint
Morrow, J. K., Cho, H., Benjaber, M., Denison, T., Widge, A. S., & Herron, J. A. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.09.19.677167 · Cited by 1
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Sarasquete, M., Valdunciel, A. P., Ciurluini, F., Havas, J. D., Bestmann, S., Farina, D., Rocchi, L., Hannah, R., & Ibáñez, J. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.02.28.708728 · Cited by 1
“Two rounds of independent component analysis (fastICA [36,37]) removed residual artefacts.”
Theta Burst Stimulation of the Human Cerebellum
Harrington, A. (2015) · Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)
Inhibition of Gamma Oscillations as a Neurophysiological Endophenotype of Schizophrenia
Radhu, N. (2015) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Identification, characterisation, and correction of artefacts in electroencephalographic data in study of stationary and mobile electroencephalograph
Kaczorowska, M. (2017) · ITM Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/itmconf/20171501003
RETRACTED CHAPTER: Artifact Rejection for Concurrent TMS-EEG Data
Wu, W., Keller, C. J., & Etkin, A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-71976-4_6
Retracted
TMS-EEG: Methods and Challenges in the Analysis of Brain Connectivity
Kallioniemi, E., Könönen, M., & Määttä, S. (2018) · doi:10.1002/9781119296034.ch9
TMS-EEG: first steps towards a clinical application in epilepsy
ter Braack, E. M. (2018) · doi:10.3990/1.9789402810721
Multimodal TMS
de Goede, A. A. (2019) · doi:10.3990/1.9789036547345
Dose-dependent enhancement of motion direction discrimination with transcranial magnetic stimulation of visual cortexPreprint
Gamboa, O. L., Palmer, H., Dannhauer, M., Hile, C., Liu, S., Hamdan, R., Brito, A., Cabeza, R. E. L., Davis, S. W., Peterchev, A. V., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.06.14.151118
“EEG data processing and analysis EEG data were preprocessed and analyzed offline using Brain Vision Analyzer (Brain Products, Inc.) and Matlab (Mathworks, Natick, MA, USA), in a manner modeled after Rogasch et al. (2014).”
Method
Neurobiological Mechanism and Treatment Targets of Magnetic Seizure Therapy for Resolution of Suicidal Ideation in Treatment-Resistant Depression
Sun, Y. (2017) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Pharmacological Mechanisms of Interhemispheric Signal Propagation and its Disruption in Schizophrenia and Depression
Hui, J. (2019) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Cortical oscillations to measure anti-epileptic drug activity in clinical trialsPreprint
Biondi, A., Rocchi, L., Santoro, V., Beatch, G. N., Rossini, P. G., Richardson, M. P., & Premoli, I. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-121959/v1
A Structured ICA-based Process for Removing Auditory Evoked Potentials Reveals TMS-evoked Potentials and TMS-modulated OscillationsPreprint
Ross, J. M., Ozdemir, R. A., Lian, S. J., Fried, P. J., Schmitt, E. M., Inouye, S. K., Pascual‐Leone, Á., & Shafi, M. M. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-701718/v1
Towards a causal role of Broca’s area in language: A TMS-EEG study on syntactic predictionPreprint
Maran, M., Numssen, O., Hartwigsen, G., Friederici, A. D., & Zaccarella, E. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.04.14.439631
“Electromagnetic artifacts are commonly observed following each TMS pulse (Ilmoniemi & Kičić, 2010; Rogasch et al., 2013, 2014; Veniero et al., 2009), and depending on the target location additional large cranial muscular activity can contaminate the EEG signal.”
Background
TMS-Evoked EEG Response in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Gordon, P. C., & Ziemann, U. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-76136-3_6
Causal contributions of neural noise to left frontal networks subtending the modulation of conscious visual perception in the human brainPreprint
Stengel, C., Amengual, J. L., Moreau, T., & Valero‐Cabré, A. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.11.22.469553
“Artefact components were identified based on the guidelines by Rogasch et al. (2014).”
Method
Transferability of Cathodal tDCS Effects from the Primary Motor to the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex: A Multimodal TMS-EEG StudyPreprint
Mosayebi-Samani, M., Agboada, D., Mutanen, T. P., Haueisen, J., Kuo, M., & Nitsche, M. A. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4173661
MEG/EEG Combined with Other Brain Imaging Methods
Hari, R., & Puce, A. (2023) · doi:10.1093/med/9780197542187.003.0021
Eeg-Based Sleep Stage Classification Using Cnn with Squeeze-and-Excitation Blocks in a Short-Visual Geometric GroupPreprint
Zapata, I. A., Li, Y., & Wen, P. P. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4693533
Valoración funcional mediante estimulación magnética transcraneal de la transmisión inhibitoria en esquizofrenia.
Fernández‐Linsenbarth, I. (2023) · UVaDOC UVaDOC University of Valladolid Documentary Repository (University of Valladolid) · doi:10.35376/10324/66288
Stroke-induced slow oscillations in dynamic brain organizationPreprint
Tscherpel, C., Mustin, M., Rosjat, N., Ziemann, U., Fink, G. R., Daun, S., & Grefkes, C. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.04.07.24305437
Oscillatory TMS-EEG-Responses induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
Chen, C., Yang, P., & Zhang, Z. (2024) · International Conference on Computing and Pattern Recognition (ICCPR) · doi:10.1145/3704323.3704352
“The EEG preprocessing followed the general guidelines of earlier studies [32, 33] and TMS-EEG [34–36] processing.”
Modulation of oscillatory activity in response to very weak intensity transcranial magnetic stimulation in the human primary motor cortexPreprint
Corominas-Teruel, X., Bracco, M., Lohof, A. M., Sherrard, R. M., Colomina, M. T., Mahon, S., Charpier, S., & Valero‐Cabré, A. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.02.04.636500
“Eye movements and continuous muscle artifacts were removed through Independent Component Analysis (ICA; 60 ), while the SOUND algorithm was used to suppress recording noise, and the SSP-SIR filter to remove time-locked TMS-evoked muscle artifacts 61,62 if present.”
Electrophysiological hemispheric asymmetries induced by parietal stimulation eliciting visual percepts
Bonfanti, D., Bertacco, E., Parra, L. C., Mazzi, C., & Savazzi, S. (2025) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2025.03.041
“Independent component analysis (ICA) (Delorme et al., 2007) was then used to remove the tail-end of the muscle artifact due to the TMS pulse (Rogasch et al., 2014, Rogasch et al., 2017).”
Aging alters face expressions processing and recognition: insights on possible neural mechanisms
Ginatempo, F., Loi, N., Zeroual, M., Cadoni, M. I., Fadda, M., Lagorio, A., & Deriu, F. (2025) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00237.2024
Electromagnetic interference suppression in combined tACS-rTMS therapy
Wu, N., Li, J., Wu, Z., Wang, P., Zhang, C., Wu, C., Huo, X., & Zhang, G. (2025) · Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express · doi:10.1088/2057-1976/adf4ed
Effect of transcranial magnetic pulses on cortical network connectivity in schizophrenia
Molina, V., Ruiz-Gómez, S. J., Fernández‐Linsenbarth, I., Beño‐Ruiz‐de‐la‐Sierra, R. M., Osorio, E., Roig, A., Mijancos-Martínez, G., Rodríguez-Valbuena, C., Bachiller, A., Mañanas, M. Á., et al. (2025) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111471
Excitatory magnetic stimulation increased interhemispheric inhibition: a pharmacological and TMS-EEG study
Han, Y., Huang, Z., Wang, Y., Liu, Y., He, J., Gao, Z., Fitzgerald, P. B., Daskalakis, Z. J., & Che, X. (2025) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhaf310 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Sleep-like slow waves in wakefulness index post-stroke behavioural alterations
Pearce, D. J., Biabani, M., Brosnan, M. B., Chong, T. T. ‐., Demeyere, N., Loughnane, G. M., Mattingley, J. B., Moore, M. J., New, P. W., Rangelov, D., et al. (2026) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1101/2025.11.24.689850
“Finally, using FastICA we applied an automated Independent Component Analysis (ICA) procedure to remove artifacts related to ocular and muscular movement (Hyvärinen & Oja, 2000; Rogasch et al., 2014).”
Towards a Gold-Standard for Combined TMS and EEG Data Pre-Processing: A critical examination of the effectiveness and reliability of a two tiered independent components analysis approach
Murphy, N., Tomasevic, L., Graziadio, S., Peraza, L. R., Rochester, L., & Taylor, J. (2015) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.1.3580.8805
Distinct cortical inhibitory profiles in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: A TMS-EEG study of GABAb function
Mijancos-Martínez, G., Fernández‐Linsenbarth, I., Bachiller, A., Beño‐Ruiz‐de‐la‐Sierra, R. M., Osorio-Iriarte, E., Roig-Herrero, A., Rodríguez-Valbuena, C., Talavera, J. C. F., Ruiz-Gómez, S. J., Mancha, R. D., et al. (2025) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111593
Spatiotemporal dynamics of TMS-Evoked responses: A dual damped sine model analysis of cortical site and stimulation condition effects
Jan-Cordón, D. E. (2025) · Neuroscience Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.neuri.2025.100254
Assessing SICI Cortical Inhibition With DLPFC TMS‐EEG Using Different ISI Values
Mijancos-Martínez, G., Bachiller, A., Fernández‐Linsenbarth, I., Ruiz-Gómez, S. J., Romero, S., Molina, V., & Mañanas, M. A. (2026) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.70229
“Different TMS protocols exist to assess cortical excitability/inhibition, plasticity, or connectivity variations (Kropotov 2016; Ilmoniemi and Kičić 2010; Cao et al. 2021; Rogasch et al. 2014; Kallioniemi et al. 2022).”
Exploratory EEG-TMS Study Reveals Altered Behavioral Function in Individuals Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Huntington, H. R., Phelps, C. E., Lehmann, T., Büchel, D., Khurana, A., Wang, L., Patel, A. A., Olshausen, C. E., Kayali, L. J., Boluordi, T., et al. (2026) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci16020156
“Based on the fastICA decomposition, the pop_tesa_compselect function was used to remove components containing TMS-induced muscle artifacts, ocular artifacts, muscle activity, and electrical noise, following the approach described by Rogasch et al. [43,45].”
The effect of EEG lead configuration on early TMS–EEG artifactsPreprint
Lankinen, K., Fadel, G., Nummenmaa, A. R., Ilmoniemi, R. J., & Raij, T. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.02.10.705170
“…developed software means for modeling (Freche et al., 2018) and removing the decay artifact and other TMS–EEG artifacts (Mäki and Ilmoniemi, 2011; Rogasch et al., 2014; Mutanen et al., 2016; Casula et al., 2017; Wu et al., 2018; Mutanen et al., 2020; Rogasch et al., 2022; Metsomaa et al., 2024;…”
Magnetic Stimulation in Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis by Designing New Protocol and Using Machine Learning
Abedi, A., Moradi, G. H., Shirazi, R. S., & Jahed, M. (2025) · National and International Iranian Conference on Biomedical Engineering (ICBME) · doi:10.1109/icbme68496.2025.11392443
“Independent Component Analysis was applied to remove eye and muscle artifacts [46,52].”
Personalizing neuromodulation for chronic pain: A connectivity-guided randomized trialPreprint
Martino, E. D., Bach, M. M., Couto, B. A., Jakobsen, A., Martins, P. N., Ingemann-Molden, S., Casali, A. G., Graven‐Nielsen, T., & de Andrade, D. C. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.03.02.26347430
High-gamma tACS may regulate brain network connectivity to alleviate symptoms in female adolescent non-suicidal self-injury: a preliminary TMS-EEG pilot study
Hao, W., Ding, X., Ren, K., Cui, C., Zhang, Y., He, J., Guo, X., Wang, Y., Ju, H., & Lin, Y. (2026) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-026-07978-2
“Independent component analysis (ICA) was used to remove artifacts, including eye movement (EOG), muscle (EMG) and TMS-induced artifacts (TMS pulse artifacts were removed by TESA’s built-in artifact subtraction algorithm) [18].”
Applications of robotized cortical stimulation mapping
Passera, B. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/06abbd79z4119z4be5z9b98z2fe1e2bebce3
Integrated Noninvasive Brain Imaging Advancements: A Multimodal Approach
Balasubramanian, S., Patel, P., Kathi, S., Joseph, R., & Annavarapu, R. N. (2026) · IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Sensors · doi:10.1109/jsas.2026.3685662
“These are removed by various ﬁlters [78] and by computational methods, such as independent component analysis [79].”
Cognitive load modulates cortical excitability in the human prefrontal cortexPreprint
Hassan, U., Forman, L., Hartford, J. D., Lee, H., Parmigiani, S., Chen, N.-F., Ross, J. M., Solomon, E. A., Gogulski, J., Kim, N., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.04.25.720856
Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation guided by individual alpha frequency versus a 10-Hz control frequency on cortical excitabilityPreprint
Lin, H.-S., Lee, C.-M., Ye, L.-X., Chen, S.-H., Chiu, P., Huang, C.-H., Hsieh, C.-Y., Chen, H.-S., & Wu, T. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9667442/v1
Different modulation patterns of theta and gamma dual-site HD-tACS on cognitive impairment
Hao, W., Yu, X., Zhou, Q., Jia, Y., Su, X., Yu, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, J., & Liu, C. (2026) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.116138
Test-retest reliability of early TMS-evoked potentials over fMRI-based definitions of non-motor targets
Sayalı, C., Gogulski, J., Granö, I., Jaro, D., Weisman, E., Lofland, G., Lioumis, P., & Barrett, F. S. (2026) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2026.2112327
The timing of visual selective attention in fronto-parietal network: TMS behavioral and brain structural evidence
Zhang, Q., Zhang, D., Alimu, G., Guragai, B., Li, W., Zhang, J., Jin, Z., & Li, L. (2026) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2026.07.011

Authors: Rogasch, N. C., Thomson, R. H., Farzan, F., Fitzgibbon, B. M., Bailey, N. W., Hernandez-Pavon, J. C., Daskalakis, Z. J., & Fitzgerald, P. B.
Affiliations: The Alfred Hospital (AU)
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CA)
Aalto University (FI)
Corresponding author: Rogasch, Nigel C.
ORCID: Rogasch, Nigel C.
Thomson, Richard H.
Farzan, Faranak
Fitzgibbon, Bernadette M.
Bailey, Neil W.
Hernandez-Pavon, Julio C.
Daskalakis, Zafiris J.
Fitzgerald, Paul B.
Venue: NeuroImage
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-11
Volume: 101
Pages: 425-439
ISSN: 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.07.037
OpenAlex: W1969040087
Cited by: 309
References: 77
Citations by year: 2026: 34 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 1
FWCI: 7.89
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Pfizer
BrainsWay
National Health and Medical Research Council
National Medical Research Council
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Signal Processing › Blind Source Separation Techniques
Keywords: TMS-EEG, artifact removal, independent component analysis, TMS-evoked potentials, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, motor cortex, auditory evoked potentials, FastICA, EEG signal processing
MeSH terms: Adult, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Male, Motor Cortex, Artifacts, Prefrontal Cortex, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Young Adult

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Removing artefacts from TMS-EEG recordings using independent component analysis: Importance for assessing prefrontal and motor cortex network properties

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