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Inflammation and the neurovascular unit in the setting of focal cerebral ischemia
Open accessAbstract
Responses to focal cerebral ischemia by neurons and adjacent microvessels are rapid, simultaneous, and topographically related. Recent observations indicate the simultaneous appearance of proteases by components of nearby microvessels that are also expressed by neurons in the ischemic territory, implying that the events could be coordinated. The structural relationship of neurons to their microvascular supply, the direct functional participation of glial cells, and the observation of a highly ordered microvessel-neuron response to ischemia suggest that these elements are arranged in and behave in a unitary fashion, the neurovascular unit. Their roles as a unit in the stimulation of cellular inflammation and the generation of inflammatory mediators during focal cerebral ischemia have not been explored yet. However, components of the neurovascular unit both generate and respond to these influences under the conditions of ischemia. Here we briefly explore the potential inter-relationships of the components of the neurovascular unit with respect to their potential roles in ischemia-induced inflammatory responses.
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“The first phase is controlled by subtle endothelial cytoskeleton alterations 30-60 min after ischemia/reperfusion injury, followed later by enzymatic cleavage of TJ proteins after inflammatory cell recruitment (324, 534, 703).”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [703]
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Metadata
- Authors
- del Zoppo, G. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- del Zoppo, G.J.
- Venue
- Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-02
- Volume
- 158
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 972-982
- ISSN
- 0306-4522 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2665879
- OpenAlex
- W2126479164
- Cited by
- 243
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 1.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS026945, R01NS053716, R01NS038710, R37NS038710)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
- Keywords
- neurovascular unit, focal cerebral ischemia, neuroinflammation, microvessels, neurons, glial cells, proteolytic enzymes, inflammatory mediators, ischemic response
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Basement Membrane, Blood-Brain Barrier, Capillaries, Cell Communication, Brain Ischemia, Encephalitis, Humans, Microcirculation, Neuroglia, Neurons, Endothelial Cells
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