The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Risk of Geographic Atrophy in the Comparison of Age-related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials
Open accessAbstract
Purpose To describe risk factors for geographic atrophy (GA) in the Comparison of Age-related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials (CATT).Design Cohort within a randomized clinical trial.Participants We analyzed 1024 CATT patients with no GA visible on color fundus photographs (CFPs) and/or fluorescein angiograms (FAs) at enrollment.Methods Eyes were assigned to ranibizumab (0.5 mg) or bevacizumab (1.25 mg) treatment and to a 2-year monthly or pro re nata (PRN) injection regimen, or monthly injections for 1 year and PRN for 1 year. Demographic, genetic, and baseline ocular characteristics and lesion features of CFP/FA and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were evaluated as risk factors for GA through 2 years of follow-up. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs).Main outcome measures Development of GA.Results By 2 years, GA developed in 187 of 1024 patients (18.3%). Baseline risk factors for GA development included baseline visual acuity (VA) ≤20/200 (aHR, 2.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43-4.93), retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP; aHR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.16-2.47), GA in the fellow eye (aHR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.40-3.08), and intraretinal fluid at the foveal center (aHR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.34-3.31). Baseline factors associated with lower risk for GA development included blocked fluorescence (aHR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.29-0.82), OCT measurements of subretinal fluid thickness of >25 μ (aHR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.35-0.78), subretinal tissue complex thickness of >275 compared with ≤75 μ (aHR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.19-0.50), and vitreomacular attachment (aHR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.31-0.97). Ranibizumab compared with bevacizumab had a higher risk (aHR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.06-1.93), and monthly dosing had a higher risk (aHR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.17-2.16) than PRN dosing. There were no strong associations between development of GA and the presence of risk alleles for CFH, ARMS 2, HTRA1, C3, or TLR3.Conclusions Approximately one fifth of CATT patients developed GA within 2 years of treatment. Independent baseline risk factors included poor VA, RAP, foveal intraretinal fluid, monthly dosing, and treatment with ranibizumab. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy may have a role in the development of GA.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Unfortunately, up to 30% of patients can still have intraretinal fluid with vision loss after 1 year of therapy [2–4].”
From Thrombospondin-1, BIM and CFH polymorphisms and response to anti-VEGF treatment in neovascular age- related macular degeneration patients (2024) · cites this paper as [4]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing
Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, Y. (1995) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x · Cited by 109,482
Ranibizumab for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Rosenfeld, P. J., Brown, D. M., Heier, J. S., Boyer, D. S., Kaiser, P. K., Chung, C. Y., & Kim, R. Y. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa054481 · Cited by 5,886
Ranibizumab versus Verteporfin for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Brown, D. M., Kaiser, P. K., Michels, M., Soubrane, G., Heier, J. S., Kim, R. Y., Sy, J. P., & Schneider, S. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa062655 · Cited by 3,522
Prevalence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the United States
The Eye Diseases Prevalence Research Group* (2004) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.122.4.564 · Cited by 2,774
Ranibizumab and bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration
(2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1102673 · Cited by 2,669
Ranibizumab and Bevacizumab for Treatment of Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration
Martin, D. F., Maguire, M. G., Fine, S. L., Ying, G.-S., Jaffe, G. J., Grunwald, J. E., Toth, C., Redford, M., & Ferris, F. L. (2012) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.03.053 · Cited by 1,715
Self-citationIntravitreal Bevacizumab (Avastin) for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Avery, R. L., Pieramici, D. J., Rabena, M., CASTELLARIN, A. A., Nasir, M. A., & Giust, M. J. (2006) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.11.019 · Cited by 1,134
Rosenfeld, P. J., Moshfeghi, A. A., & Puliafito, C. A. (2005) · Ophthalmic surgery, lasers & imaging retina · doi:10.3928/1542-8877-20050701-14 · Cited by 912
Chakravarthy, U., Harding, S. P., Rogers, C. A., Downes, S. M., Lotery, A. J., Culliford, L. A., & Reeves, B. C. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61501-9 · Cited by 748
Relationship between RPE and Choriocapillaris in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
McLeod, D. S., Grebe, R. R., Bhutto, I. A., Merges, C. A., Baba, T., & Lutty, G. A. (2009) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.09-3639 · Cited by 568
An essential role for RPE-derived soluble VEGF in the maintenance of the choriocapillaris
Saint‐Geniez, M., Kurihara, T., Sekiyama, E., Maldonado, A. E., & D'Amore, P. A. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0905010106 · Cited by 535
ANCHOR STUDY GROUP. RANIBIZUMAB VERSUS VERTEPORFIN FOR NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION
Brown, D., Kaiser, P. K., Michels, M., Soubrane, G., Heier, J. S., & Kim, R. Y. (2006) · Cited by 382
Histopathology of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Lim, J. I. (2007) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.3109/9781420019865-6 · Cited by 310
Yehoshua, Z., Alexandre de Amorim Garcia Filho, C., Nunes, R. P., Gregori, G., Penha, F. M., Moshfeghi, A. A., Zhang, K., Sadda, S., Feuer, W., & Rosenfeld, P. J. (2014) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.09.044 · Cited by 299
Jaffe, G. J., Martin, D. F., Toth, C. A., Daniel, E., Maguire, M. G., Ying, G.-S., Grunwald, J. E., & Huang, J. (2013) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.01.073 · Cited by 294
Self-citationChange in Area of Geographic Atrophy in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study
The AREDS Research Group* (2009) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.198 · Cited by 276
The Long-term Natural History of Geographic Atrophy from Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Sunness, J. S., Margalit, E., Srikumaran, D. S., Applegate, C. A., Tian, Y., Perry, D. C., Hawkins, B. S., & Bressler, N. M. (2007) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.09.016 · Cited by 266
Rosenfeld, P. J., Shapiro, H., Tuomi, L., Webster, M. K., Elledge, J. A., & Blodi, B. (2010) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.07.011 · Cited by 254
Self-citationToll-like Receptor 3 and Geographic Atrophy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Yang, Z., Stratton, C., Francis, P. J., Kleinman, M. E., Tan, P. L., Gibbs, D., Tong, Z., Chen, H., Constantine, R., Yang, X., et al. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0802437 · Cited by 222
Self-citationKaiser, P. K., Blodi, B. A., Shapiro, H., & Acharya, N. R. (2007) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.04.030 · Cited by 219
Self-citationFeuer, W. J., Yehoshua, Z., Gregori, G., Penha, F. M., Chew, E. Y., Ferris, F. L., Clemons, T. E., Lindblad, A. S., & Rosenfeld, P. J. (2013) · JAMA Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.572 · Cited by 183
Sunness, J. S. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 169
Hagstrom, S. A., Ying, G.-S., Pauer, G. J. T., Sturgill-Short, G. M., Huang, J., Callanan, D. G., Kim, I. K., Klein, M. L., Maguire, M. G., & Martin, D. F. (2013) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.11.037 · Cited by 142
Self-citationThe Epidemiology of Progression of Pure Geographic Atrophy: The Beaver Dam Eye Study
Klein, R., Meuer, S. M., Knudtson, M. D., & Klein, B. E. K. (2008) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2008.05.050 · Cited by 135
Yu, Y., Reynolds, R. C., ROSNER, B. A., Daly, M. J., & Seddon, J. M. (2012) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.11-8657 · Cited by 122
Scholl, H. P. N., Fleckenstein, M., Fritsche, L. G., Schmitz-Valckenberg, S., Göbel, A. P., Adrion, C., Herold, C., Keilhauer, C. N., Mackensen, F., Mößner, A., et al. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007418 · Cited by 105
Histopathology of age-related macular degeneration
Kang, S. J., & Grossniklaus, H. E. (2012) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b14548-2 · Cited by 99
Circularity Index as a Risk Factor for Progression of Geographic Atrophy
Domalpally, A., Danis, R. P., White, J. K., Narkar, A., Clemons, T. E., Ferris, F. L., & Chew, E. Y. (2013) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.07.047 · Cited by 98
Lois, N., McBain, V. A., Abdelkader, E., SCOTT, N. W., & Kumari, R. (2012) · Retina · doi:10.1097/iae.0b013e3182657fff · Cited by 88
GEOGRAPHIC ATROPHY IN RETINAL ANGIOMATOUS PROLIFERATION
McBain, V. A., Kumari, R., Townend, J., & Lois, N. (2011) · Retina · doi:10.1097/iae.0b013e3181fe54c7 · Cited by 85
Reynolds, R. C., ROSNER, B. A., & Seddon, J. M. (2013) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.10.020 · Cited by 84
Incidence and Progression of Geographic Atrophy
Joachim, N., Mitchell, P., Kifley, A., Rochtchina, E., Hong, T., & Wang, J. J. (2013) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.03.029 · Cited by 84
Progression of Geographic Atrophy and Genotype in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Klein, M. L., Ferris, F. L., Francis, P. J., Lindblad, A. S., Chew, E. Y., Hamon, S., & Ott, J. (2010) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.12.012 · Cited by 84
Self-citationSobrin, L., Ripke, S., Yu, Y., Fagerness, J. A., Bhangale, T., Tan, P. L., Souied, E. H., Buitendijk, G. H. S., Merriam, J. E., Richardson, A. J., et al. (2012) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.03.014 · Cited by 81
Young, M., Chui, L., Fallah, N., Or, C., Merkur, A. B., Kirker, A. W., Albiani, D. A., & Forooghian, F. (2014) · Retina · doi:10.1097/iae.0000000000000081 · Cited by 78
Khanifar, A. A., Lederer, D. E., Ghodasra, J. H., Stinnett, S. S., Lee, J. J., Cousins, S. W., & Bearelly, S. (2012) · Retina · doi:10.1097/iae.0b013e3182509778 · Cited by 73
Topography of Geographic Atrophy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Mauschitz, M. M., Fonseca, S. L., Chang, P., Göbel, A. P., Fleckenstein, M., Jaffe, G. J., Holz, F. G., & Schmitz-Valckenberg, S. (2012) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.12-9711 · Cited by 69
Self-citationDeCroos, F. C., Toth, C. A., Stinnett, S. S., Heydary, C. S., Burns, R., & Jaffe, G. J. (2012) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.06.040 · Cited by 67
Self-citationGrunwald, J. E., Daniel, E., Ying, G., Pistilli, M., Maguire, M. G., Alexander, J., Martin, R., Parker, C., Sepielli, K., Blodi, B. A., et al. (2012) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.02.013 · Cited by 53
Self-citationCaire, J., Recalde, S., Velázquez-Villoria, Á., García‐García, L., Reiter, N., Anter, J., Fernández‐Robredo, P., & García‐Layana, A. (2014) · JAMA Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.8175 · Cited by 47
Development of atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium around disciform scars
Sarks, J. (2006) · British Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bjo.2005.083022 · Cited by 36
New Grading Criteria Allow for Earlier Detection of Geographic Atrophy in Clinical Trials
Brader, H. S., Ying, G., Martin, E. R., & Maguire, M. G. (2011) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.11-7493 · Cited by 14
Self-citationDeCroos, F. C., Toth, C. A., Stinnett, S. S., Heydary, C. S., Russell, S. R., & Jaffe, G. J. (2012) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · Cited by 8
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Consensus Definition for Atrophy Associated with Age-Related Macular Degeneration on OCT
Sadda, S. R., Guymer, R. H., Holz, F. G., Schmitz-Valckenberg, S., Curcio, C. A., Bird, A. C., Blodi, B. A., Bottoni, F. G., Chakravarthy, U., Chew, E. Y., et al. (2017) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.09.028 · Cited by 932
Self-citationMolecular pathogenesis of retinal and choroidal vascular diseases
Campochiaro, P. A. (2015) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.06.002 · Cited by 563
Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Solomon, S. D., Lindsley, K., Vedula, S. S., Krzystolik, M. G., & Hawkins, B. S. (2014) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005139.pub3 · Cited by 520
Age-related macular degeneration
Guymer, R. H., & Campbell, T. G. (2023) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(22)02609-5 · Cited by 541
A paradigm shift in imaging biomarkers in neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Schmidt-Erfurth, U., & Waldstein, S. M. (2016) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.07.007 · Cited by 390
Metadata
- Authors
- Grunwald, J. E., Daniel, E., Huang, J., Ying, G.-S., Maguire, M. G., Toth, C. A., Jaffe, G. J., Fine, S. L., Blodi, B., Klein, M. L., Martin, A. A., Hagstrom, S. A., & Martin, D. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Duke University (US)
- University of Colorado Anschutz (US)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- Cleveland Clinic (US)
- Corresponding author
- Grunwald, Juan E.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Ophthalmology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-01
- Volume
- 121
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 150-161
- ISSN
- 0161-6420 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3892560
- OpenAlex
- W2131192872
- Cited by
- 590
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 79 · 2015: 70 · 2014: 30
- FWCI
- 58.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Ophthalmology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Eye Institute (U10 EY017823, U10 EY017825, U10 EY017826, and U10 EY017828)
- National Institutes of Health
- Department of Health and Human Services
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Retinal Imaging and Analysis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ocular Diseases and Behçet’s Syndrome
- Keywords
- geographic atrophy, age-related macular degeneration, risk factors, ranibizumab, bevacizumab, anti-VEGF therapy, intravitreal injection, retinal angiomatous proliferation, subretinal fluid, visual acuity, choroidal neovascularization, retinal pigment epithelium
- MeSH terms
- Bevacizumab, Ranibizumab, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Fluorescein Angiography, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Visual Acuity, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Proportional Hazards Models, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Geographic Atrophy, Wet Macular Degeneration, Genotyping Techniques, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
