Cited by 196Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchResilience and Mental HealthGrief, Bereavement, and Mental Health

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Post-traumatic distress and the presence of post-traumatic growth and meaning in life: Experiential avoidance as a moderator

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Kashdan, Todd B., Kane, Jennifer Q.·2011·Personality and Individual Differences

DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2010.08.028PMC PMC2975460

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Abstract

Existing models of trauma suggest that for recovery to occur, trauma related cues and emotions require awareness and openness while survivors continue committing action toward valued life aims (other than regulating emotions). Based on this theoretical framework, an unwillingness to be in contact with distressing thoughts and feelings (experiential avoidance) might operate together with posttraumatic distress to predict when people find benefits and meaning in the aftermath of trauma. We hypothesized that people reporting posttraumatic distress and less reliance on experiential avoidance would report greater posttraumatic growth and meaning in life compared with other trauma survivors. We administered questionnaires to 176 college students reporting at least one traumatic event. Results supported these moderation models. This is the fourth study (with different samples, measures, and methodologies) to provide evidence that a combination of excessive anxiety and a heavy reliance on experiential avoidance leads to attenuated well-being. We discuss the implications for understanding heterogeneous trauma reactions.

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Authors: Kashdan, T. B., & Kane, J. Q.
Affiliations: Argosy University (US)
Corresponding author: Kashdan, Todd B.
ORCID: Kashdan, Todd B.
Venue: Personality and Individual Differences
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2011-01
Volume: 50
Issue: 1
Pages: 84-89
ISSN: 0191-8869 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2010.08.028
PMC: PMC2975460
OpenAlex: W2036452911
Cited by: 190
References: 46
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 7.05
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Personality and Individual Differences (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R21MH073937)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
Keywords: posttraumatic growth, meaning in life, experiential avoidance, trauma survivors, anxiety, well-being, university students, trauma recovery

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Post-traumatic distress and the presence of post-traumatic growth and meaning in life: Experiential avoidance as a moderator

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