The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Positivity explains how COVID-19 perceived risk increases death distress and reduces happiness.
Open accessAbstract
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has produced an unprecedented impact on all aspects of life, including mental outcomes like death distress. This study examined the mediating effect of positivity on the association between COVID-19 related perceived risk, death distress, and happiness. Participants were 3109 Turkish adults (Mean age = 38.64 ± 10.40) who completed online measures of perceived risk, positivity, death distress, and happiness during the pandemic. Results showed that perceived risk had a significant direct effect on positivity, death distress, and happiness. Positivity had a significant direct effect on death distress and happiness. Mediation analysis indicated that positivity mediated the effect of perceived risk on death distress and happiness. Results suggest that positivity is an important aspect of developing strength-based preventions and interventions aiming to reduce psychological distress and improve happiness.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Current research has already established the critical role of psychological flexibility and positive life orientations, two dispositional characteristics, toward a better adjustment to life adversities (Trzebiński et al., 2020; Yıldırım and Güler, 2021).”
From Dealing With the Pandemic of COVID-19 in Portugal: On the Important Role of Positivity, Experiential Avoidance, and Coping Strategies (2021) · cites this paper as Yıldırım and Güler, 2021
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Psychological Impact of Quarantine and How to Reduce It: Rapid Review of the Evidence
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3532534 · Cited by 16,394
The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30460-8 · Cited by 16,378
Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17051729 · Cited by 9,923
The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation
Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C.-Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2022) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8 · Cited by 4,332 · cited 2×
“The consequences of COVID-19 including disruption in daily life, risk of infection, sense of confinement, inadequate supplies, fear, and anxiety associated with the virus can lead to detrimental effects at individuals and societal levels (Ahorsu et al., 2020; Arslan, Yıldırım, Tanhan, Buluş, & Allen, 2020).”
The Causes and Consequences of a Need for Self-Esteem: A Terror Management Theory
Greenberg, J., Pyszczynski, T., & Solomon, S. (1986) · Public Self and Private Self · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-9564-5_10 · Cited by 2,326
Li, S., Wang, Y., Xue, J., Zhao, N., & Zhu, T. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17062032 · Cited by 1,835
Rossi, R., Socci, V., Pacitti, F., Di Lorenzo, G., Di Marco, A., Siracusano, A., & Rossi, A. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.10185 · Cited by 1,086
(1986) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-9564-5 · Cited by 849
Zhang, S. X., Wang, Y., Rauch, A., & Wei, F. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112958 · Cited by 828
Casagrande, M., Favieri, F., Tambelli, R., & Forte, G. (2020) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2020.05.011 · Cited by 735
Research works printed but not linked: 32
- Abdel-Khalek, 1998, The structure and measurement of death obsession, Personality and Individual Differences, 24, 159, 10.1016/S0191-8869(97)00144-X · DOI
- Abdel-Khalek, 2004, A general factor of death distress in seven clinical and non-clinical groups, Death Studies, 28, 889, 10.1080/07481180490491040 · DOI
- Alessandri, 2012, The unique contribution of positive orientation to optimal functioning: Further explorations, European Psychologist, 17, 44, 10.1027/1016-9040/a000070 · DOI
- Barnett, 2018, Is death anxiety more closely linked with optimism or pessimism among older adults?, Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 77, 169, 10.1016/j.archger.2018.05.003 · DOI
- Bodner, 2015, Anxieties about aging and death and psychological distress: The protective role of emotional complexity, Personality and Individual Differences, 83, 91, 10.1016/j.paid.2015.03.052 · DOI
- Brewer, 2007, Meta-analysis of the relationship between risk perception and health behaviour: The example of vaccination, Health Psychology, 26, 136, 10.1037/0278-6133.26.2.136 · DOI · Paper page
- Caprara, 2018, The associations of positive orientation with health and psychosocial adaptation: A review of findings and perspectives, Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 22, 126, 10.1111/ajsp.12325 · DOI · Paper page
- Carmassi, 2018, Exploring PTSD in emergency operators of a major University Hospital in Italy: A preliminary report on the role of gender, age, and education, Annals of General Psychiatry, 17, 17, 10.1186/s12991-018-0184-4 · DOI
- Center for Systems Science and Engineering, 2020, Coronavirus COVID-19 global cases at Johns Hopkins University
- Çıkrıkçı, 2015, The psychometric properties of the Turkish form of the positivity scale, The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 3, 57
- Dadfar, 2020, Death distress constructs: A preliminary empirical examination of the Farsi form in nurses: A brief note, Nursing Open, 1
- Hu, 1999, Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives, Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1, 10.1080/10705519909540118 · DOI · Paper page
- Jahan, 2020, Depression and suicidal behaviours among Bangladeshi mothers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A comparative study, Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101994 · DOI
- Joseph, 2004, Rapid assessment of well-being: The Short Depression-Happiness Scale (SDHS), Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 77, 463, 10.1348/1476083042555406 · DOI
- Kwok, 2020, Community responses during the early phase of the COVID-19 epidemic in Hong Kong, Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26, 1575, 10.3201/eid2607.200500 · DOI
- Laguna, 2017, How do you feel about this goal? Goal-related affect, positive orientation, and personal goal realization in the family domain, Journal of Happiness Studies, 18, 827, 10.1007/s10902-016-9750-0 · DOI
- Lauriola, 2015, Does positivity mediate the relation of extraversion and neuroticism with subjective happiness?, PLoS One, 10, 10.1371/journal.pone.0121991 · DOI
- Lester, 2003, Death anxiety, death depression, and death obsession, Psychological Reports, 93, 695, 10.2466/pr0.2003.93.3.695 · DOI
- Liu, 2020, Prevalence and predictors of PTSS during COVID-19 outbreak in China hardest-hit areas: Gender differences matter, Psychiatry Research, 287, 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112921 · DOI · Paper page
- Mamun, 2020, First COVID-19 suicide case in Bangladesh due to fear of COVID-19 and xenophobia: Possible suicide prevention strategies, Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102073 · DOI
- McGrath, 2004, The burden of ‘RA RA’ positive: Survivors' and hospice patients' reflection on maintaining a positive attitude to serious illness, Support Care Cancer, 12, 25
- Milioni, 2016, The role of positivity as predictor of ego-resiliency from adolescence to young adulthood, Personality and Individual Differences, 101, 306, 10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.025 · DOI
- Mohammadzadeh, 2018, Death distress dimensions: Death anxiety, death depression and death obsession, Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health, 20, 395
- Mohammadzadeh, 2018, Attachment to God as a predictor of death distress among Muslims, Current Psychology, 1
- Short, 1984, The social fabric of risk: Toward the social transformation of risk analysis, American Sociological Review, 49, 711, 10.2307/2095526 · DOI
- Slovic, 1987, Perception of risk, Science, 236, 280, 10.1126/science.3563507 · DOI · Paper page
- Soleimani, 2020, Predictors of death anxiety among patients with heart disease, Death Studies, 44, 160, 10.1080/07481187.2018.1527416 · DOI
- The Academy of Medical Sciences, 2020, Survey results: Understanding people's concerns about the mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic
- Wen, 2010, Religiosity and death anxiety, The Journal of Human Resource and Adult Learning, 6, 31
- Yildirim, 2019, Mediating role of resilience in the relationships between fear of happiness and affect balance, satisfaction with life, and flourishing, Europe's Journal of Psychology, 15, 183, 10.5964/ejop.v15i2.1640 · DOI
- Yıldırım, 2020, The impacts of vulnerability, perceived risk, and fear on preventive behaviours against COVID-19, Psychology, Health & Medicine
- Yıldırım, 2020, Factor analysis of the COVID-19 perceived risk scale: A preliminary study, Death Studies, 1
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Positive psychology in a pandemic: buffering, bolstering, and building mental health
Waters, L., Algoe, S. B., Dutton, J., Emmons, R., Fredrickson, B. L., Heaphy, E., Moskowitz, J. T., Neff, K., Niemiec, R., Pury, C., et al. (2022) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2021.1871945 · Cited by 377
“…samples in Turkey found that optimism was inversely related to anxiety, somatization, and depression during the pandemic (Arslan et al., 2020; n = , p. 451) and that positivity mediated the relationship between perceived risk of death distress and happiness (Yıldırım & Güler, 2021; n = 3, p. 109).”
BackgroundYıldırım, M., & Arslan, G. (2020) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-020-01177-2 · Cited by 343
“There is loads of evidence to suggest that SWB predicts a wide range of successful outcomes including increased health longevity, and psychological functio ning (Arslan & Coşkun, 2020; Belen & Yıldırım, 2020; Diener, & Chan, 2011).”
BackgroundSelf-citationRisk Perception towards COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Qualitative Synthesis
Cipolletta, S., Andreghetti, G. R., & Mioni, G. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19084649 · Cited by 175
“Italian young adults, for example, rated the pandemic as severe and showed a high risk awareness [8].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialArslan, G., & Yıldırım, M. (2021) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00049530.2021.1882273 · Cited by 175
Self-citationYan, J., Kim, S., Zhang, S. X., Foo, M., Álvarez-Risco, A., Del-Aguila-Arcentales, S., & Yáñez, J. A. (2021) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102935 · Cited by 207
Perceived risks from drone food delivery services before and after COVID-19
Choe, J. Y., Kim, J. J., & Hwang, J. (2021) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-08-2020-0839 · Cited by 155
Genç, E., & Arslan, G. (2021) · Journal of Positive School Psychology · doi:10.47602/jpsp.v5i2.255 · Cited by 143
“…(Yıldırım, & Güler, 2020; Yıldırım et al., 2020), however some factors such as positivity, coping skills, and meaning in life have found to be buffered the negative impacts of coronavirus stress on individuals’ mental health (Yıldırım & Güler, 2020; Yıldırım et al., 2020; Arslan & Yıldırım, 2021).”
Arslan, G., Yıldırım, M., & Zangeneh, M. (2022) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-020-00460-4 · Cited by 116
Self-citationLi, M., Yin, D., Qiu, H., & Bai, B. (2021) · Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management · doi:10.1080/19368623.2021.1934932 · Cited by 125
Arslan, G., Yıldırım, M., Karataş, Z., Kabasakal, Z., & Kılınç, M. (2020) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-020-00416-8 · Cited by 141
Self-citationÇeri, V., & Çi̇çek, İ. (2020) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2020.1859566 · Cited by 132
“The rapid spread of the virus and the labsence of a specific treatment have caused a serious panic and fear all over the world (Yıldırım & Güler, 2020a).”
Death Anxiety Associated With Coronavirus (COVID-19) Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Özgüç, S., Serin, E. K., & Tanrıverdi, D. (2021) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228211050503 · Cited by 99
Meaning in Life, Religious Coping, and Loneliness During the Coronavirus Health Crisis in Turkey
Yıldırım, M., KIZILGEÇİT, M., Seçer, İ., Karabulut, F., ANGIN, Y., DAĞCI, A., Vural, M. E., Bayram, N. N., & Çinici, M. (2021) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-020-01173-7 · Cited by 104
Self-citationFalco, A., Girardi, D., Corso, L. D., Yıldırım, M., & Converso, D. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0257197 · Cited by 96
“However, studies using the CPRS showed the usefulness of the scale in predicting well-being and mental health outcomes in different contexts such as positivity, death distress and happiness in general population [57] and stress, anxiety, depression, and fear [59], subjective well-being, and parental coronavirus anxiet…”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationArslan, G., Yıldırım, M., & Aytaç, M. (2020) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2020.1824204 · Cited by 114
“…the pandemic has led to a wide range of negative psychological consequences among people such as depression, anxiety, and stress (Arslan & Yıldırım, 2020; Taylor et al., 2020; Lee, 2020), fear (Ahorsu et al., 2020), death distress (Yıldırım & G€uler, 2021), and burnout (Yıldırım & Solmaz, 2020).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe Effect of COVID-19 Anxiety on General Health: the Role of COVID-19 Coping
Yıldırım, M., Akgül, Ö., & Geçer, E. (2021) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-020-00429-3 · Cited by 93
Self-citationArslan, G., & Yıldırım, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.646572 · Cited by 75
Self-citationKaraköse, T., Özdemir, T. Y., Papadakis, S., Yirci, R., Ozkayran, S. E., & Polat, H. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19031052 · Cited by 113
Redefining “masstige” luxury consumption in the post-COVID era
Wang, Z., Yuan, R., Luo, J., & Liu, M. J. (2022) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.01.057 · Cited by 93
“This is also in line with Yıldırım and Güler (2021) findings concerning psychological resolution toward the pandemic.”
Perceived Stress Due to COVID-19 Pandemic Among Employed Professional TeachersPreprint
Oducado, R. M. F., Rabacal, J., Moralista, R., & Tamdang, K. A. (2021) · Social Science Research Network · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3743860 · Cited by 66
Yıldırım, M., & Arslan, G. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/vpu5q · Cited by 343
Self-citationWang, Y., & Gao, Y.-N. (2022) · Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.tra.2022.10.003 · Cited by 55
Peker, A., & Cengiz, S. (2021) · International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1080/13651501.2021.1937656 · Cited by 55
Wąsowicz, G., Mizak, S., Krawiec, J., & Białaszek, W. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.647975 · Cited by 52
“, 2021), hope (Yıldırım and Arslan, 2020), positivity (Yıldırım and Güler, 2021), and self-efficacy (Yıldırım and Güler, 2020) positively influence mental health and well-being.”
BackgroundInfluentialYıldırım, M., & Arslan, G. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648236 · Cited by 61
Self-citationArslan, G., & Yıldırım, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.645597 · Cited by 69
“The sample of the study comprised of 172 undergraduate students (72% women) in a public university in an urban city in Turkey.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationEnea, V., Eisenbeck, N., Petrescu, T. C., & Carreno, D. F. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.643977 · Cited by 48
“So far, little research has investigated the relationship between death obsession and coronavirus perceived risk (Yildirim and Güler, 2021), while no study examined the association between death obsession and pandemic-specific stressors such as fear of COVID-19 during the quarantine.”
BackgroundResultPairing facts with imagined consequences improves pandemic-related risk perception
Sinclair, A., Hakimi, S., Stanley, M. L., Adcock, R. A., & Samanez-Larkin, G. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.2100970118 · Cited by 46
“Although recent studies have found that subjective perceived risk relates to demographic variables, attitudes, and risky behaviors during the pandemic (3, 29, 31 – 36), past studies have not evaluated the accuracy of perceived risk or intervened to change perceived risk.”
Yıldırım, M., & Güler, A. (2021) · Health Psychology Report · doi:10.5114/hpr.2021.107336 · Cited by 43
“Also, the results provide support for the findings of recent research that documented negative effects on psychological health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic (Basińska & Sołtys, 2020; Yıldırım et al., 2020; Yıldırım & Güler, 2021).”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationBuilding the Positive Emotion-Resilience-Coping Efficacy Model for COVID-19 Pandemic
Ke, G. N., Grajfoner, D., Wong, R. M. M., Carter, S., Khairudin, R., Lau, W., Kamal, K. A., & Lee, S. C. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.764811 · Cited by 51
Sit, S. M.-M., Lam, T.-H., Lai, A. Y. K., Wong, B. Y.-M., Wang, M. P., & Ho, S.-Y. (2021) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/tbm/ibab018 · Cited by 49
“page 800 of 801 TBM happiness was shown to decrease with increase in perceived risk of COVID-19 [21], we further showed that higher levels of fear of COVID-19 were associated with lower personal happiness.”
BackgroundGeçer, E., & Yıldırım, M. (2021) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x211044489 · Cited by 65
“…coping strategies to deal with pandemicrelated stressors (Salin, Kaittila, Hakovirta, & Anttila, 2020), those who are lonely for a long time during the pandemic may suffer from distress, extreme anxiety, loneliness, sorrow and pain (Shanahan et al., 2020; Yıldırım, 2021; Yıldırım & Güler, 2021).”
BackgroundSelf-citationFerreira, M. J., Sofia, R., Carreno, D. F., Eisenbeck, N., Jongenelen, I., & Cruz, J. F. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.647984 · Cited by 40
“Current research has already established the critical role of psychological flexibility and positive life orientations, two dispositional characteristics, toward a better adjustment to life adversities (Trzebiński et al., 2020; Yıldırım and Güler, 2021).”
BackgroundInfluentialThartori, E., Pastorelli, C., Cirimele, F., Remondi, C., Gerbino, M., Basili, E., Favini, A., Lunetti, C., Fiasconaro, I., & Caprara, G. V. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182413171 · Cited by 41
“Although previous studies pointed out the relevance of positivity for individuals’ optimal psychological functioning, to the best of our knowledge few studies [51,52] have examined the protective role of positivity on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, and none of them in the Italian population.”
Peterson, J. A., Chesbro, G. A., Larson, R. D., Larson, D. J., & Black, C. D. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.652086 · Cited by 44
“…stressors including financial worries (Hertz-Palmor et al., 2020; Wilson et al., 2020), deathrelated anxiety (Gallagher et al., 2020; Yildirim and Güler, 2020), disruptions to daily life including academic disruptions (Cao et al., 2020), and ambiguity of when COVID-19 would end…”
BackgroundInfluentialGreen, Z. A., & Yıldırım, M. (2022) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09729 · Cited by 39
“Of note is that the perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 has been shown to relate to death distress in terms of death anxiety, death depression, and death obsession (Y ı ld ı r ı m and Güler, 2021).”
Self-citationFurnham, A. (2021) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-021-00900-w · Cited by 34
Islam, M. R., Apu, M. M. H., Akter, R., Tultul, P. S., Anjum, R., Nahar, Z., Shahriar, M., & Bhuiyan, M. A. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13340 · Cited by 44
“And as a result, issues such as loneliness, depression, and anxiety remain undiscovered [59,60].”
Mental Health Facilitators and Barriers during Covid-19 in Nigeria
Armiya’u, A. Y., Yıldırım, M., Muhammad, A., Tanhan, A., & Young, J. S. (2022) · Journal of Asian and African Studies · doi:10.1177/00219096221111354 · Cited by 34
“As the global burden of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID-19) continues to The sudden economic recession, unemployment, poverty, social isolation, and economic distress might lead individuals to contemplate suicide (Guler, 2021; Poudel and Suledi, 2020; Yıldırım and Güler, 2021).”
BackgroundSelf-citationKıral-Uçar, G., Donat, M., Bartholomaeus, J. D., Thomas, K., & Nartova-Bochaver, S. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03172-1 · Cited by 33
“Risk perception is being observed as negatively associated with a positive outlook on the future (e.g., Yıldırım & Güler, 2021), similarly, losing control also might be detrimental for future expectations (e.g., Godinic et al., 2020).”
BackgroundIrshad, M., Majeed, M., & Khattak, S. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.688463 · Cited by 37
“COVID-19 perceived risk has recently emerged as an essential factor that is deemed responsible for a wide range of adverse employee outcomes (Lam et al., 2020; Yildirim and Güler, 2021).”
BackgroundInfluentialResilience moderates the relationship between the psychological impact of COVID-19 and anxiety
Traunmüller, C., Stefitz, R., Schneider, M., & Schwerdtfeger, A. R. (2021) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2021.1955137 · Cited by 42
Experiencing fear during the pandemic: validation of the fear of COVID-19 scale in Polish
Pilch, I., Kurasz, Z., & Turska–Kawa, A. (2021) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.11263 · Cited by 41
Resilience, Positivity and Social Support as Perceived Stress Predictors among University Students
Litwic-Kamińska, K., Błachnio, A., Kapsa, I., Brzeziński, Ł., Kopowski, J., Stojković, M. M., Hinić, D., Krsmanovic, I. M., Ragni, B., Sulla, F., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20196892 · Cited by 39
“These findings are consistent with the results of previous studies that have emphasized the protective role of positivity against stress [27,37,43].”
ResultCOVID-19 burnout, resilience, and psychological distress among Chinese college students
Sun, Y., Zhu, S., ChenHuang, G., Zhu, L., Yang, S., Zhang, X., & Zheng, Z. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.1009027 · Cited by 32
“COVID-19 caused various mental health problems, such as death distress (4), anxiety (5), and burnout (6).”
BackgroundKolіadenko, N. V., Zhyvaho, K. S., & Bursa, A. I. (2022) · Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science · doi:10.3329/bjms.v21i4.60256 · Cited by 41
Arslan, G. (2021) · Journal of religion and health · doi:10.1007/s10943-021-01211-y · Cited by 28
“The internal reliability estimate of the scale with the Turkish sample was strong (Arslan and Yıldırım 2021), and the scale had also strong internal reliability with this study sample, as seen in Table 1”
BackgroundMethodMureșan, G.-M., Văidean, V. L., Mare, C., & Achim, M. V. (2022) · The European Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1007/s10198-022-01506-1 · Cited by 34
“On the other hand, researchers, such as Yıldırım & Güler [89], O'Connor et al., [64] have been concerned with the psychology of happiness in the COVID-19 context.”
Afrashteh, M. Y., & Masoumi, S. (2021) · BMC Women s Health · doi:10.1186/s12905-021-01533-9 · Cited by 38
“The devastating effect of COVID-19 on mental health could be much more serious than normally expected [15].”
BackgroundBırni, G., Deniz, M. E., Karaağaç, Z. G., Erişen, Y., Kaya, Y., & Satıcı, S. A. (2023) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2023.2241401 · Cited by 28
“Turkish adaptation of the DDS was made by Y ı ld ı r ı m and G € uler (2021) and had a high estimate of internal reliability.”
BackgroundMethodWang, S., Liu, Y., Du, Y., & Wang, X. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182111116 · Cited by 38
ChatGPT as an educational resource for accounting students: expanding the classical TAM model
Al‐Okaily, M. (2025) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-025-13391-1 · Cited by 42
“Yıldırım and Güler (2020) scale were involved to measure COVID-19 concerns.”
Azila-Gbettor, E. M., Abiemo, M. K., & Glate, S. N. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12832 · Cited by 33
“Current studies suggest the pandemic has led to a wide range of negative psychological repercussions among people, including fear [3], death distress [4], anxiety, stress, depression [5–7], and exhaustion [8].”
Fear of COVID-19, death depression and death anxiety: Religious coping as a mediator
KIZILGEÇİT, M., & Yıldırım, M. (2022) · Archive for the Psychology of Religion · doi:10.1177/00846724221133455 · Cited by 31
“Positive psychological strengths like positivity (Yıldırım & Güler, 2021) and mindfulness (Arslan, 2022) served as mediators to mitigate the negative impacts of coronavirus experiences on death distress in general public and university students.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationDoğanülkü, H. A., Korkmaz, O., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2021) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-021-00681-9 · Cited by 48
Özer, Ö., Özkan, O., ÖZMEN, S., & Erçoban, N. (2021) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228211026169 · Cited by 30
“In the study of Yıldırım and Güler (2020b), it was determined that the COVID-19 perceived risk was positively correlated with death anxiety, and that positivity fully mediates the effect of coronavirus risk on death anxiety.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialWei, C.-H., Chen, H., & Lee, Y.-M. (2021) · Service Business: An International Journal · doi:10.1007/s11628-021-00462-9 · Cited by 24
Leite, Â. M. T., Vidal, D. G., Sousa, H. F. P. E., Dinis, M. A. P., & Magano, J. (2021) · European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education · doi:10.3390/ejihpe11030078 · Cited by 19
“However, Yildirim and Guler [33] found that COVID-19 perceived risk increases death distress and reduces happiness.”
BackgroundRiyath, M. I. M., & Rijah, U. L. M. (2022) · Asian Association of Open Universities Journal · doi:10.1108/aaouj-03-2022-0032 · Cited by 23
Arslan, G. (2021) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2020.1871122 · Cited by 28
Interest Consistency Can Buffer the Effect of COVID-19 Fear on Psychological Distress
Masuyama, A., Kubo, T., Sugawara, D., & Chishima, Y. (2021) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-021-00564-5 · Cited by 27
COVID-19 and Sexual Desire: Perceived Fear Is Associated with Enhanced Relationship Functioning
Rodrigues, D. L., & Lehmiller, J. J. (2021) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2021.1966359 · Cited by 20
“For example, perceiving greater risks caused by the pandemic has been associated with more death obsession and less happiness (Yıldırım & Güler, 2021).”
BackgroundCui, Q., Wei, R., Huang, R.-F., Hu, X., & Wang, G. (2022) · Land · doi:10.3390/land11091604 · Cited by 19
Servidio, R. C., Abbate, C. S., Costabile, A., & Boca, S. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10060974 · Cited by 22
“Therefore, it was important not only to examine the moderating effects of COVID-19 risks on psychological well-being but also to learn how moderator variables might reduce psychological distress and increase positive psychological resources [40,41].”
BackgroundHagan, J. E., Quansah, F., Frimpong, J. B., Ankomah, F., Srem‐Sai, M., & Schack, T. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10040687 · Cited by 23
“Research has also revealed that perceived risk during a pandemic is related to anxiety, disruptions in daily routines, worry [3,8,10–13], and coping strategies [11,14,15].”
BackgroundSanwald, S., Widenhorn‐Müller, K., Gahr, M., Kammer, T., Schönfeldt‐Lecuona, C., Montag, C., & Kiefer, M. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03677-2 · Cited by 20
“The primary emotion PLAY was a significant negative predictor of fear of COVID‑19.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialAdopting Chatbots for Emotional Support: Empirical Evidence from Hong Kong
Liu, Y., Ma, X., Song, C., Huang, D., & Huang, L. (2025) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2025.2508911 · Cited by 19
“Feeling safe, as a positive emotional state, significantly contributes to individuals’ well-being by alleviating distress and enhancing happiness (Yıldırım & G € uler, 2021).”
Sreelakshmi, C. C., & Prathap, S. K. (2023) · Journal of Financial Services Marketing · doi:10.1057/s41264-023-00233-9 · Cited by 21
Continuance Intention to use MOOCs: The Effects of Psychological Stimuli and Emotions
Shang, S., & Wenfei, L. (2022) · The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher · doi:10.1007/s40299-022-00705-x · Cited by 27
“It can reduce happiness (Yıldırım & Güler, 2021), increase interest (Hahn et al., 2006; Sales & Sheth, 2019), exacerbate sadness (Yıldırım & Güler, 2021), and aggravate anxiety (Ari et al., 2020).”
Nia, H. S., Görgülü, Ö., Naghavi, N., Bello, M. A. R., Sánchez‐Teruel, D., Fomani, F. K., She, L., Rahmatpour, P., Allen, K., Arslan, G., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.754831 · Cited by 29
“Similarly, the findings of a study with an Arab population showed negative religious coping was associated with depression (4).”
BackgroundEnea, V., Candel, O., Zancu, S. A., Scrumeda, A., Bărbuşelu, M., Largu, A., & Manciuc, C. (2021) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2021.1928331 · Cited by 18
Happy Sustainability: A Future Quest for More Sustainable Universities
Gamage, K., Munguía, N., & Velazquez, L. (2022) · The social science · doi:10.3390/socsci11010024 · Cited by 17
Kaya, Y., Osmanoğlu, N., Satıcı, S., & Deniz, M. (2024) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/13591053241282129 · Cited by 16
“Developed by Dadfar and Lester (2020) and adapted into Turkish by Yıldırım and Gu¨ler (2021), this scale measures death distress across three components: obses-sion, depression, and anxiety.”
Meaning-Making Coping With COVID-19 in Academic Settings: The Case of Sweden
Ahmadi, F., Çetrez, Ö., Akhavan, S., & Zandi, S. (2021) · Illness Crisis & Loss · doi:10.1177/10541373211022002 · Cited by 20
Akhtar, N., Ittefaq, H., Siddiqi, U. I., Islam, T., Hameed, Z., & Kuzior, A. (2024) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.103737 · Cited by 15
Stress and anxiety among late adulthood in Indonesia during COVID-19 outbreak
Ifdil, I., Yuca, V., & Yendi, F. M. (2020) · JPPI (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia) · doi:10.29210/02020612 · Cited by 23
“On the left map Wright is divided into three parts, namely: 1) Anxiety Hearing COVID-19 (Yıldırım & Güler, 2020), 2) Anxiety Sees COVID-19, and 3) Anxiety Imagining COVID-19 (Cheng et al., 2020).”
BackgroundWu, J., & Liu, Q. (2023) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115058 · Cited by 16
Perceived risk of contracting COVID‐19 among healthcare workers in Ghana: A cross‐sectional study
Aram, S. A., Saalidong, B. M., Opoku, E. O., & Hayford, I. S. (2022) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.653 · Cited by 14
“This consequently influences how workers in the health sector carry out their duties.(8,24) Self‐physical health protection has been a primary concern for many healthcare workers in pandemic situations.”
BackgroundSeptarini, N. W., Hendriks, J., Maycock, B., & Burns, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.647548 · Cited by 13
“Therefore, it has been suggested positivity is an important aspect of developing strength-based programs aiming to lessen psychological distress and increase happiness (49).”
BackgroundInfluentialZhao, X., Shi, W., Li, X., Li, W., & Li, C. (2021) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113918 · Cited by 16
Şekerci, Y. G., Ayvazoğlu, G., & Çekiç, M. (2024) · Omega · doi:10.1177/00302228241295417 · Cited by 12
Development and validation of the Earthquake Obsession Scale
Kartol, A., Üztemur, S., & Yaşar, P. (2024) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2024.2317177 · Cited by 12
“Death Distress Scale (DDS; Dadfar & Lester, 2020; Turkish version: Yıldırım & Güler, 2021) consists of three sub-dimensions (depression, obsession, anxiety), each consisting of three items (e.g., I cannot get the idea of death out of my mind ) on a 5-point scale from 1 ( Never ) to 5 ( Always ).”
Hatamnejad, M. R., Hosseinpour, M., Shiati, S., Seifaee, A., Sayari, M., Seyyedi, F., Lankarani, K., & Ghahramani, S. (2023) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.1745 · Cited by 12
Caprara, M., Zuffianò, A., Felipe, A. C., Suárez-Falcón, J. C., Pozo, P., Cabras, E., & Veiga, I. G. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-05159-y · Cited by 11
“The COVID-19 pandemic has had detrimental effects on all aspects of life, such that several attempts have been made to define and understand the psychological resources and assets that might dampen its impact (Yıldırım & Güler, 2021).”
Ercengiz, M., SAFALI, S., Kaya, A., & Turan, M. E. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-02909-2 · Cited by 15
“In addition, Covid-19 has been reported to significantly lower the level of happiness (Yıldırım & Güler, 2021).”
BackgroundGeçer, E., & Bağcı, H. (2022) · Culture and Education · doi:10.1080/11356405.2022.2031785 · Cited by 12
“These measures, on the other hand, have continued to cause more complex economic, social and even emotional consequences on people, including students at different levels (Armstrong-Mensah et al., 2020; Arslan et al., 2020; Yıldırım & Güler, 2021).”
BackgroundMegreya, A. M., Latzman, R. D., Al‐Ahmadi, A., & Aldosari, N. (2021) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-021-00536-9 · Cited by 13
“Previous research has shown that positivity appears to mediate the association between COVID-19-related perceived risk, death distress, and happiness (Yıldırım & Guler, 2021).”
BackgroundThe influence of doomscrolling on mental health: a scoping review
Sharpe, A., Tyndall, I. T., Poulus, D., Obine, E. A. C., & Sharpe, B. T. (2026) · Mental Health and Digital Technologies · doi:10.1108/mhdt-10-2025-0068 · Cited by 25
Kušen, E., & Strembeck, M. (2023) · SN Computer Science · doi:10.1007/s42979-023-02080-w · Cited by 11
Huang, L., Hou, Y., Sun, Z., & Wang, Q. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20032299 · Cited by 10
“These findings complement results from other studies [49,50,55] showing that due to the widespread nature of the COVID-19 pandemic and the increasing numbers of confirmed cases and deaths [28], people frequently experience death anxiety [42], which can further have negative implications for their sense of control [54,…”
BackgroundResultRegulatory emotional self-efficacy and anxiety in times of pandemic: a gender perspective
Cuadrado, E., Rich‐Ruiz, M., Gutiérrez‐Domingo, T., Luque, B., Castillo‐Mayén, R., Villaécija, J., & Farhane‐Medina, N. Z. (2022) · Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/21642850.2022.2158831 · Cited by 11
The Effect of Collectivism on Mental Health during COVID-19: A Moderated Mediation Model
Gao, Y., Yao, W., Guo, Y., & Liao, Z.-Q. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192315570 · Cited by 11
Meher, K., Mushtaq, M., & Fatima, S. (2022) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228221078074 · Cited by 15
“Recent studies in the context of the pandemic have revealed cross-sectional associations of coronavirus-related stress and death anxiety with poor wellbeing outcomes (e.g., Arslan, 2021; Y ı ld ı r ı m & Guler, 2021).”
BackgroundResultKılınç, M., Arslan, G., Çakar, F. S., & Yıldırım, M. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02576-9 · Cited by 16
“Available evidence suggests that COVID-19 pandemic is a serious health threat with psychological, emotional, social, and relational consequences (Yıldırım & Güler, 2021).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationIn times of illness: Covid-19 threat influences temporal focus and implicit space-time mappings
Li, H., & Cao, Y. (2020) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110561 · Cited by 13
Hoeppner, S. S., Millstein, R. A., Siegel, K. R., Carlon, H. A., Harnedy, L. E., Chung, W., Huffman, J. C., & Hoeppner, B. B. (2022) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2022.2126472 · Cited by 11
“Conversely, cross-sectional studies indicated that optimism and positivity may be important mediators of the effects of pandemic-related stress on psychological distress (Arslan et al., 2021) and happiness (yıldırım & Güler, 2021).”
BackgroundDeath and COVID-19 Anxiety in Home-Quarantined Individuals Aged 65 and Over During the Pandemic
Aslaner, H., Özen, B., Erten, Z., & Gökçek, M. B. (2021) · Omega · doi:10.1177/00302228211059894 · Cited by 10
Implementation of generative AI tools in accounting education context
Al-Okaily, M. (2025) · Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education · doi:10.1108/jarhe-08-2024-0422 · Cited by 9
Majauskienė, D., Skurvydas, A., Istomina, N., Dadelienė, R., Strazdaite, E., Valančienė, D., Ušpurienė, A. B., & Šarkauskienė, A. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-06639-0 · Cited by 10
“Moreover, well-being intertwines with competence, emotional stability, engagement, meaning, optimism, positive emotions, relationships, resilience, self-esteem, and vitality [2, 16].”
Güler, A., & Yıldırım, M. (2025) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2025.01.037 · Cited by 13
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Yıldırım, M., & Güler, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Leicester (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Yıldırım, Murat
- Venue
- Personality and Individual Differences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-01
- Volume
- 168
- Pages
- 110347
- ISSN
- 0191-8869 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7439822
- OpenAlex
- W3055273738
- Cited by
- 241
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 62
- FWCI
- 18.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Personality and Individual Differences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University Institutional Repository (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, risk perception, positivity, happiness, psychological distress, mediation, strengths-based intervention, Turkish adults
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
