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Cited by 30Neurological disorders and treatmentsAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesBotulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders

Development of an essential tremor embarrassment assessment

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Traub, Rebecca E., Gerbin, Marina, Mullaney, Mary M., Louis, Elan D.·2010·Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
DOI 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2010.08.017PMC PMC2997930
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Abstract

Introduction Embarrassment is commonly reported in essential tremor (ET) patients yet there is no formal tool to assess embarrassment in ET. Our aim was to develop such a tool and to assess its clinimetric properties. A quantitative measure of embarrassment could be used to assess response to treatment in clinical practice and clinical trials.Methods Based on surveys of international tremor experts and ET patients, we constructed the Essential Tremor Embarrassment Assessment (ETEA), a brief, easily administered, 14-item self-assessment scale. The ETEA was assessed for validity, reliability and other clinimetric properties in 75 ET patients.Results Forty-seven tremor experts from eight countries were surveyed. On average, they estimated that 75% of their patients experienced embarrassment, yet there was very little agreement (range = 10-95%). Among ET patients, three-quarters (77.3%) reported at least occasional embarrassment due to their tremor and one-third (36.4%) reported daily embarrassment. ETEA scores correlated with a tremor disability questionnaire score (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale scores (p<0.001 and p<0.001). Test-retest reliability was high (p<0.001). Factor analysis identified four factors, explaining 62.4% of the variance. For the major factors (I and II), high internal consistency was found (Cronbach's alpha = 0.85 and 0.74).Conclusion Embarrassment is commonly experienced by ET patients. The ETEA is a reliable and valid tool to measure embarrassment in patients with this disease.

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  • Research with community- and clinic-based samples of ET sufferers has identified embarrassment as a common consequence of the condition, leading to social anxiety and avoidance.

    “Research with community- and clinic-based samples of ET sufferers has identified embarrassment as a common consequence of the condition, leading to social anxiety and avoidance 3-4 .”

    From Relations between psychological avoidance, symptom severity and embarrassment in essential tremor (2015) · cites this paper as [4]

    The Introduction reports embarrassment in both population and clinical samples of ET patients, and the Results find it common in this paper’s clinic-based sample. The paper discusses social isolation and hiding tremor, but the passages do not establish that embarrassment leads to social anxiety and avoidance. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Embarrassment is only modestly related to self-reported tremor severity and is not related to direct clinical assessment of severity in ET.

    “Traub and colleagues 4 found that embarrassment was only modestly related to self-reported tremor severity, and was not related to direct clinical assessment of severity.”

    From Relations between psychological avoidance, symptom severity and embarrassment in essential tremor (2015) · cites this paper as [4]

    The Results (Acceptability, Reliability, and Convergent Validity) report a weak correlation between embarrassment scores and the Tremor Disability Questionnaire, and a negligible, nonsignificant correlation with clinically rated tremor severity. The Methods (Assessment Procedure) identify the questionnaire as a measure of functional disability from tremor, not self-reported tremor severity. Thus the clinical-assessment finding is supported, but the claim mislabels the self-reported measure. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Embarrassment was measured by the validated Essential Tremor Embarrassment Assessment scale (ETEA).

    “Embarrassment was measured by the validated Essential Tremor Embarrassment Assessment scale (ETEA) 4 .”

    From Relations between psychological avoidance, symptom severity and embarrassment in essential tremor (2015) · cites this paper as [4]

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Authors
Traub, R. E., Gerbin, M., Mullaney, M. M., & Louis, E. D.
Affiliations
  • Columbia University (US)
  • Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author
Louis, Elan D.
ORCID
Venue
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2010-12
Volume
16
Issue
10
Pages
661-665
ISSN
1353-8020 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.parkreldis.2010.08.017
PMC
PMC2997930
OpenAlex
W2056867613
Cited by
30
References
18
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 4
FWCI
1.33
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Parkinsonism & Related Disorders (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute on Aging (2P01 AG0027232-16)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01 NS 42859, T32NS07153-24, R56NS042859, R01 NS 36630, R01NS042859, R01NS036630, T32NS007153, R01 NS 39422, R01NS039422)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders
Keywords
essential tremor, embarrassment
MeSH terms
Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Data Collection, Depression, Disability Evaluation, Emotions, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Middle Aged, Neurologic Examination, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Psychological Tests, Self-Assessment, Telephone, Reproducibility of Results, Essential Tremor

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