The DOI matches its Crossref record; 106 of the 106 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Environmental risk factors and Parkinson's disease: An umbrella review of meta-analyses
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder with complex pathogenesis implicating both environmental and genetic factors. We aimed to summarise the environmental risk factors that have been studied for potential association with Parkinson's disease, assess the presence of diverse biases, and identify the risk factors with the strongest support. METHODS We searched PubMed from inception to September 18, 2015, to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies that examined associations between environmental factors and Parkinson's disease. For each meta-analysis we estimated the summary effect size by random-effects and fixed-effects models, the 95% confidence interval and the 95% prediction interval. We estimated the between-study heterogeneity expressed by I(2), evidence of small-study effects and evidence of excess significance bias. RESULTS Overall, 75 unique meta-analyses on different risk factors for Parkinson's disease were examined, covering diverse biomarkers, dietary factors, drugs, medical history or comorbid diseases, exposure to toxic environmental agents and habits. 21 of 75 meta-analyses had results that were significant at p < 0.001 by random-effects. Evidence for an association was convincing (more than 1000 cases, p < 10(-6) by random-effects, not large heterogeneity, 95% prediction interval excluding the null value and absence of hints for small-study effects and excess significance bias) for constipation, and physical activity. CONCLUSION Many environmental factors have substantial evidence of association with Parkinson's disease, but several, perhaps most, of them may reflect reverse causation, residual confounding, information bias, sponsor conflicts or other caveats.
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Cited by
Dorsey, E. R., Elbaz, A., Nichols, E., Abbasi, N., Abd-Allah, F., Abdelalim, A., Adsuar, J. C., Ansha, M. G., Brayne, C., Choi, J.-Y. J., et al. (2018) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30295-3 · Cited by 2,816
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The epidemiology of Parkinson's disease
Ben-Shlomo, Y., Darweesh, S., Llibre-Guerra, J., Marras, C., San Luciano, M., & Tanner, C. (2024) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01419-8 · Cited by 967
Obeso, J. A., Stamelou, M., Goetz, C. G., Poewe, W., Lang, A. E., Weintraub, D., Burn, D., Halliday, G. M., Bezard, E., Przedborski, S., et al. (2017) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.27115 · Cited by 859
Adiposity and cancer at major anatomical sites: umbrella review of the literature
Kyrgiou, M., Kalliala, I., Markozannes, G., Gunter, M. J., Paraskevaidis, E., Gabra, H., Martin-Hirsch, P., & Tsilidis, K. K. (2017) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.j477 · Cited by 803
Metadata
- Authors
- Bellou, V., Belbasis, L., Tzoulaki, I., Evangelou, E., & Ioannidis, J. P. A.
- Venue
- Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-02
- Volume
- 23
- Pages
- 1-9
- ISSN
- 1353-8020 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2201776847
- Cited by
- 426
- References
- 106
- FWCI
- 17.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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