Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease

de Lau, Lonneke ML; Breteler, Monique MB

doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(06)70471-9

Cited by 4,110Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsNuclear Receptors and SignalingDementia and Cognitive Impairment Research

Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease

de Lau, Lonneke ML, Breteler, Monique MB·2006·The Lancet Neurology

DOI 10.1016/s1474-4422(06)70471-9

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Abstract

The causes of Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, are still largely unknown. Current thinking is that major gene mutations cause only a small proportion of all cases and that in most cases, non-genetic factors play a part, probably in interaction with susceptibility genes. Numerous epidemiological studies have been done to identify such non-genetic risk factors, but most were small and methodologically limited. Larger, well-designed prospective cohort studies have only recently reached a stage at which they have enough incident patients and person-years of follow-up to investigate possible risk factors and their interactions. In this article, we review what is known about the prevalence, incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of PD from epidemiological studies.

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The prevalence of Parkinson's disease in industrialised countries is generally estimated at 0.3% of the entire population.
“The prevalence of PD in industrialised countries is generally estimated at 0.3% of the entire population and about 1% in people over 60 years of age (De Lau and Breteler 2006).”
From The clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease. (2016) · cites this paper as De Lau and Breteler 2006
The prevalence of Parkinson's disease in people over 60 years of age in industrialised countries is about 1%.
“The prevalence of PD in industrialised countries is generally estimated at 0.3% of the entire population and about 1% in people over 60 years of age (De Lau and Breteler 2006).”
From The clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease. (2016) · cites this paper as De Lau and Breteler 2006
AD and PD are the most common neurodegenerative disorders.
“Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD) are the most common neurodegenerative disorders (de Lau and Breteler, 2006).”
From The role of microglia in retinal neurodegeneration: Alzheimer’s disease, parkinson, and glaucoma. (2017) · cites this paper as de Lau and Breteler, 2006

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Xu, K., Xu, Y., Brown-Jermyn, D., Chen, J., Ascherio, A., Dluzen, D. E., & Schwarzschild, M. A. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3008-05.2006 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Dietary folate, vitamin B 12 , and vitamin B 6 and the risk of Parkinson disease
de Lau, L. M. L., Koudstaal, P. J., Witteman, J. C. M., Hofman, A., & Breteler, M. M. B. (2006) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000225050.57553.6d · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Self-citation
Dietary Intakes of Fat and Risk of Parkinson's Disease
Chen, H. (2003) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwg073 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Tau gene and Parkinson's disease: a case-control study and meta-analysis
Healy, D. G. (2004) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2003.026203 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Lipid Peroxides in the Free Radical Pathophysiology of Brain Diseases
Farooqui, A. A., & Horrocks, L. A. (1998) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1023/a:1020625717298 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Association between Parkinson’s Disease and Exposure to Pesticides in Southwestern France
Baldi, I., Cantagrel, A., Lebailly, P., Tison, F., Dubroca, B., Chrysostome, V., Dartigues, J., & Brochard, P. (2003) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000071194 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Follow‐up study of early‐life protective and risk factors in Parkinson's disease
Golbe, L. I., Farrell, T. M., & Davis, P. H. (1990) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.870050116 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Genes and parkinsonism
Hardy, J., Cookson, M., & Singleton, A. (2003) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(03)00350-8 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Prevalence of Parkinson's disease in the elderly: a population study in Gironde, France
Tison, F., Dartigues, J.-F., Dubes, L., Zuber, M., Alpérovitch, A., & Henry, P. (2009) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1994.tb02689.x · Cited by 107 · see citing works
To die or grow: Parkinson's disease and cancer
WEST, A., DAWSON, V, & DAWSON, T. (2005) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2005.05.002 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Premorbid smoking, alcohol consumption, and coffee drinking habits in Parkinson's disease: A case‐control study
Jiméanez‐Jiméanez, F. J., Mateo, D., & Giméanez‐Roldan, S. (1992) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.870070407 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease: Clinical trials
Stocchi, F., & Olanow, C. W. (2003) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.10488 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Age-standardized incidence and prevalence of Parkinson's disease in a Swedish community
Fall, P.-A., Axelson, O., Fredriksson, M. G., Hansson, G., Lindvall, B., Olsson, J., & Granérus, A. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(96)00003-0 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Estrogens and Parkinson Disease: Neuroprotective, Symptomatic, Neither, or Both?
Saunders-Pullman, R. J. (2003) · Endocrine · doi:10.1385/endo:21:1:81 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Dietary antioxidants and other dietary factors in the etiology of Parkinson's disease
Scheider, W. L., Hershey, L. A., Vena, J. E., Holmlund, T., Marshall, J. R., & Freudenheim, J. L. (1997) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.870120209 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
The Role of Superoxide Dismutation in Malaria Parasites
Schwartz, E., Samuni, A., Friedman, I., Hempelmann, E., & Golenser, J. (1999) · Inflammation · doi:10.1023/a:1020261600498 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Case‐control study of idiopathic Parkinson's disease and dietary vitamin E intake
Morens, D. M., Grandinetti, A., Waslien, C., Park, C. B., Ross, G. W., & White, L. R. (1996) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.46.5.1270 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Alcohol consumption and the incidence of Parkinson's disease
Hernán, M. Á., Chen, H., Schwarzschild, M. A., & Ascherio, A. (2003) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.10611 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Mortality and Parkinson disease
Herlofson, K., Lie, S. A., Årsland, D., & Larsen, J. O. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000115116.56955.50 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Folate Intake and Risk of Parkinson's Disease
Chen, H. (2004) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwh213 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Prevalence of Parkinson's disease in Cantalejo, Spain: A door‐to‐door survey
Clavería, L. E., Duarte, J., García, M. D. S., Sempere, Á. P., Cabezas, C., Rodríguez, F., & de Pedro‐Cuesta, J. (2002) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.10087 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Preclinical (premotor) Parkinson’s disease
Wolters, E. C., Francot, C. M. J. E., Bergmans, P., Winogrodzka, A., Booij, J., Berendse, H. W., & Stoof, J. C. (2000) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/pl00022910 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Risk of cancer after the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease: A historical cohort study
Elbaz, A., Peterson, B. J., Bower, J. H., Yang, P., Maraganore, D. M., McDonnell, S. K., Ahlskog, J. E., & Rocca, W. A. (2005) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.20401 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T genotype and PD
de Lau, L. M. L., Koudstaal, P. J., van Meurs, J. B. J., Uitterlinden, A. G., Albert Hofman, D., & Breteler, M. M. B. (2005) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20509 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citation
PINK, PANK, or PARK? A clinicians' guide to familial parkinsonism
Healy, D. G., Abou‐Sleiman, P. M., & Wood, N. W. (2004) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(04)00905-6 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Erratum: Mutations in NR4A2 associated with familial Parkinson disease
Le, W., Xu, P., Jankovic, J. J., Jiang, H., Appel, S. H., Smith, R., & Vassilatis, D. K. (2003) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0203-214 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Mortality cancer risk in parkinsonian patients: A population-based study
Vanacore, N., Alegiani, S. S., Raschetti, R., & Meco, G. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.52.2.395 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Analysis of MDR1 haplotypes in Parkinson's disease in a white population
Tan, E., Droździk, M., Białecka, M. A., Honczarenko, K., Kłodowska-Duda, G. A., Teo, Y. Y., Tang, K., Wong, L.-P., Chong, S. S., Tan, C., et al. (2004) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2004.09.046 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Mortality cancer risk in parkinsonian patients: A population-based study
Riggs, J. E., Vanacore, N., Alegiani, S. S., Raschetti, R., & Meco, G. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.53.5.1158-a · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Parkinson's disease in China. Coordinational Group of Neuroepidemiology, PLA.
Wang, Y. S., Shi, Y., Wu, Z. Y., He, Y., & Zhang, B. Z. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Parkinsonism in Ontario
Guttman, M., Slaughter, P. M., Thériault, M. E., DeBoer, D. P., & Naylor, C. D. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.57.12.2278 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Tumor diagnosis preceding Parkinson's disease: A case–control study
D’Amelio, M., Ragonese, P., Morgante, L., Epifanio, A., Callari, G., Salemi, G., & Savettieri, G. (2004) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.20123 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Prognosis with Parkinson's disease in Europe : A collaborative study of population-based cohorts
Berger, K., Breteler, M. M. B., Helmer, C., Inzitari, D., Fratiglioni, L., Trenkwalder, C., Albert Hofman, D., & Launer, L. J. (2000) · EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citation
Prognosis with Parkinson's disease in Europe : A collaborative study of population-based cohorts.
Berger, Breteler, M. M. B., Helmer, & Inzitari (2000) · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citation
Case‐control study of estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms in Parkinson's disease
Maraganore, D. M., Farrer, M. J., McDonnell, S. K., Elbaz, A., Schaid, D. J., Hardy, J., & Rocca, W. A. (2001) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.1253 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

3 of the 119 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

Parkinson's disease
Kalia, L. V., & Lang, A. E. (2015) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61393-3 · Cited by 6,412 · see citing works
Exercise as medicine - evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases
Pedersen, B. K., & Saltin, B. (2015) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12581 · Cited by 3,514 · see citing works
“The mean age of onset is around 60 years, although 5–10% of cases, classified as young onset, begin between the ages of 20 and 50 (de Lau & Breteler, 2006).”
Background
Global, regional, and national burden of Parkinson's disease, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
Dorsey, E. R., Elbaz, A., Nichols, E., Abbasi, N., Abd-Allah, F., Abdelalim, A., Adsuar, J. C., Ansha, M. G., Brayne, C., Choi, J.-Y. J., et al. (2018) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30295-3 · Cited by 2,816 · see citing works
Epidemiology of Parkinson’s disease
Tysnes, O., & Storstein, A. M. (2017) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-017-1686-y · Cited by 2,437 · see citing works
The epidemiology of Parkinson's disease: risk factors and prevention
Ascherio, A., & Schwarzschild, M. A. (2016) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(16)30230-7 · Cited by 1,843 · see citing works
Enriched environments, experience-dependent plasticity and disorders of the nervous system
Nithianantharajah, J., & Hannan, A. J. (2006) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1970 · Cited by 1,771 · see citing works
Parkinson's Disease Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Free of Viral Reprogramming Factors
Soldner, F., Hockemeyer, D. F., Beard, C., Gao, Q., Bell, G. W., Cook, E. G., Hargus, G., Blak, A. A., Cooper, O., Mitalipova, M. M., et al. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.013 · Cited by 1,546 · see citing works
The clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
Sveinbjornsdottir, S. (2016) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.13691 · Cited by 1,410 · see citing works
“The prevalence of PD in industrialised countries is generally estimated at 0.3% of the entire population and about 1% in people over 60 years of age (De Lau and Breteler 2006).”
BackgroundInfluential
MDS research criteria for prodromal Parkinson's disease
Berg, D., Postuma, R. B., Adler, C. H., Bloem, B. R., Chan, P., Dubois, B., Gasser, T., Goetz, C. G., Halliday, G. M., Joseph, L., et al. (2015) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.26431 · Cited by 1,317 · see citing works
100 years of Lewy pathology
Goedert, M., Spillantini, M. G., Del Tredici, K., & Braak, H. (2013) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2012.242 · Cited by 1,190 · see citing works
Clinical Neurology and Epidemiology of the Major Neurodegenerative DiseasesPreprint
Erkkinen, M. G., Kim, M., & Geschwind, M. D. (2017) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a033118 · Cited by 1,152 · see citing works
“The incidence rate of PD is 8–18 individuals per 100,000 person-years (Tanner and Goldman 1996; Nussbaum and Ellis 2003; de Lau and Breteler 2006).”
Background
The role of JAK/STAT signaling pathway and its inhibitors in diseases.
Xin, P., Xu, X., Deng, C., Liu, S., Wang, Y., Zhou, X., Ma, H., Wei, D., & Sun, S. (2020) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106210 · Cited by 1,010 · see citing works
Ageing and Parkinson's disease: Why is advancing age the biggest risk factor?
Reeve, A. K., Simcox, E. M., & Turnbull, D. M. (2014) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2014.01.004 · Cited by 961 · see citing works
The scientific and clinical basis for the treatment of Parkinson disease (2009)
Olanow, C. W., Stern, M. B., & Sethi, K. D. (2009) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181a1d44c · Cited by 943 · see citing works
Neuropsychological and clinical heterogeneity of cognitive impairment and dementia in patients with Parkinson's disease
Kehagia, A. A., Barker, R. A., & Robbins, T. W. (2010) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(10)70212-x · Cited by 883 · see citing works
Mitochondria in the aetiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease
Schapira, A. H. (2008) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(07)70327-7 · Cited by 883 · see citing works
Polyphenols and Human Health: Prevention of Disease and Mechanisms of Action
Vauzour, D., Rodriguez‐Mateos, A., Corona, G., Oruña-Concha, M. J., & Spencer, J. P. E. (2010) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu2111106 · Cited by 866 · see citing works
“problem in our aging societies, primarily as there is an increased prevalence of both Alzheimer’s disease [174,175] and Parkinson’s disease [175-177] with age.”
Background
Parkinson’s disease: genetics and pathogenesis
Shulman, J. M., De Jager, P. L., & Feany, M. B. (2011) · Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease · doi:10.1146/annurev-pathol-011110-130242 · Cited by 801 · see citing works
Neuronal calcium signaling: function and dysfunction
Brini, M., Calí, T., Ottolini, D., & Carafoli, E. (2014) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-013-1550-7 · Cited by 753 · see citing works
Collection and Analysis of a Parkinson Speech Dataset With Multiple Types of Sound Recordings
Şakar, B. E., Isenkul, M. E., Sakar, C. O., Sertbaş, A., Gürgen, F. S., Delil, Ş., Apaydın, H., & Kurşun, O. (2013) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2013.2245674 · Cited by 703 · see citing works
Probing and regulating dysfunctional circuits using deep brain stimulation
Lozano, A. M., & Lipsman, N. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.01.020 · Cited by 665 · see citing works
Nrf2–ARE pathway: An emerging target against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases
Buendía, I., Michalska, P., Navarro, E., Gameiro‐Ros, I., Egea, J., & Leon, R. M. (2015) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.11.003 · Cited by 683 · see citing works
Prevalence and incidence of Parkinson's disease in Europe
von Campenhausen, S., Bornschein, B., Wick, R., Bötzel, K., Sampaio, C., Poewe, W. H., Oertel, W. H., Siebert, U., Berger, K., & Dodel, R. C. (2005) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2005.04.007 · Cited by 624 · see citing works
What Genetics Tells us About the Causes and Mechanisms of Parkinson's Disease
Corti, O., Lesage, S., & Brice, A. (2011) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00022.2010 · Cited by 610 · see citing works
Development of Multifunctional Molecules as Potential Therapeutic Candidates for Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in the Last Decade
Savelieff, M. G., Nam, G., Kang, J., Lee, H. J., Lee, M., & Lim, M. H. (2018) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00138 · Cited by 603 · see citing works
Parkinson's Disease and Its Management: Part 1: Disease Entity, Risk Factors, Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation, and Diagnosis.
DeMaagd, G. A., & Philip, A. (2015) · PubMed Central · Cited by 571 · see citing works
Invited Article: Nervous system pathology in sporadic Parkinson disease
Braak, H., & Tredici, K. D. (2008) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000312279.49272.9f · Cited by 536 · see citing works
Comprehensive Research Synopsis and Systematic Meta-Analyses in Parkinson's Disease Genetics: The PDGene Database
Lill, C., Roehr, J. T., McQueen, M., Kavvoura, F., Bagade, S., Schjeide, B., Schjeide, L. M., Meissner, E., Zauft, U., Allen, N. C., et al. (2012) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002548 · Cited by 575 · see citing works
α-Synuclein misfolding and aggregation: Implications in Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis
Mehra, S., Sahay, S., & Maji, S. K. (2019) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics · doi:10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.03.001 · Cited by 507 · see citing works
Striking while the iron is hot: Iron metabolism and ferroptosis in neurodegeneration
Masaldan, S., Bush, A. I., Devos, D., Rolland, A., & Moreau, C. (2018) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.033 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
“Most cases of PD are sporadic (90%) with several risk factors [45,67].”
Luteolin as an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agent: A brief review
Nabavi, S. F., Braidy, N., Gortzi, O., Sobarzo‐Sánchez, E., Daglia, M., Skalicka‐Woźniak, K., & Nabavi, S. M. (2015) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.09.002 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
“…the rapidly growing incidence of morbidity and mortality due to age-related diseases (Carranza, Carranza, Snyder, Shaw, Zesiewicz, & Snyde, 2013; de Lau & Breteler, 2006; Hendrie, 1998; Sosa-Ortiz, Acosta-Castillo, & Prince, 2012 Nabavi, Nabavi,Moghaddam, Naqinezhad, Bigdellou, Mohammadzadeh,…”
The role of microglia in retinal neurodegeneration: Alzheimer’s disease, parkinson, and glaucoma.
Ramirez, A. I., de Hoz, R., Salobrar-Garcia, E., Salazar, J. J., Rojas, B., Ajoy, D., López-Cuenca, I., Rojas, P., Triviño, A., & Ramírez, J. M. (2017) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00214 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Advances in the genetics of Parkinson disease
Trinh, J., & Farrer, M. J. (2013) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2013.132 · Cited by 465 · see citing works
Long-term safety and tolerability of ProSavin, a lentiviral vector-based gene therapy for Parkinson's disease: a dose escalation, open-label, phase 1/2 trial
Palfi, S., Gurruchaga, J. M., Ralph, G. S., Lepetit, H., Lavisse, S., Buttery, P. C., Watts, C., Miskin, J., Kelleher, M., Deeley, S., et al. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61939-x · Cited by 452 · see citing works
An update on the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson disease
Rizek, P., Kumar, N., & Jog, M. (2016) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.151179 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
Determinants of dopaminergic neuron loss in Parkinson's disease
Surmeier, D. J. (2018) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.14607 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
Excessive burden of lysosomal storage disorder gene variants in Parkinson’s disease
Robak, L. A., Jansen, I. E., van Rooij, J., Uitterlinden, A. G., Kraaij, R., Jankovic, J., Heutink, P., Shulman, J. M., International Parkinson’s Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC), Nalls, M. A., et al. (2017) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awx285 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
“The latter, more relaxed frequency threshold is based on the population prevalence (de Lau and Breteler, 2006; Pringsheim et al., 2014) and known incomplete penetrance of Parkinson’s disease risk alleles (Anheim et al., 2012; Rana et al., 2013; Trinh et al., 2014; Marder et al., 2015).”
Background
Variation in the miRNA-433 Binding Site of FGF20 Confers Risk for Parkinson Disease by Overexpression of α-Synuclein
Wang, G., van der Walt, J. M., Mayhew, G. M., Li, Y., Zuchner, S. L., Scott, W. K., Martin, E. R., & Vance, J. M. (2008) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.09.021 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Recent Advances in the Genetics of Parkinson's Disease
Martin, I., Dawson, V. L., & Dawson, T. M. (2011) · Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genom-082410-101440 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
Environmental risk factors and Parkinson's disease: An umbrella review of meta-analyses
Bellou, V., Belbasis, L., Tzoulaki, I., Εvangelou, Ε., & Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2015) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.12.008 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Structural changes of gut microbiota in Parkinson's disease and its correlation with clinical features
Li, W., Wu, X., Hu, X., Wang, T., Liang, S., Duan, Y., Jin, F., & Qin, B. (2017) · Science China Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11427-016-9001-4 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Clinical Approach to Parkinson's Disease: Features, Diagnosis, and Principles of ManagementPreprint
Massano, J., & Bhatia, K. P. (2012) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a008870 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
“Annual incidence rates range from 8.6 to 19 per 100,000 (Twelves et al. 2003; de Lau and Breteler 2006; Alves et al. 2008).”
BackgroundInfluential
The retina in Parkinson's disease
Archibald, N. K., Clarke, M. W., Mosimann, U. P., & Burn, D. J. (2009) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awp068 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists and memantine treatment for Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia and Parkinson’s disease
Olivares, D., K. Deshpande, V., Shi, Y., K. Lahiri, D., H. Greig, N., T. Rogers, J., & Huang, X. (2012) · Current Alzheimer Research · doi:10.2174/156720512801322564 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Review: Sporadic Parkinson's disease: development and distribution ofα‐synuclein pathology
Tredici, K. D., & Braak, H. (2015) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/nan.12298 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Microglia and astrocyte dysfunction in parkinson's disease
Kam, T., Hinkle, J. T., Dawson, T. M., & Dawson, V. L. (2020) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105028 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Slowing of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease: future therapeutic perspectives
Schapira, A. H. V., Olanow, C. W., Greenamyre, J. T., & Bézard, E. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61010-2 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Parkinson's disease: Autoimmunity and neuroinflammation
VIRGILIO, A. D., Greco, A., Fabbrini, G., Inghilleri, M., Rizzo, M. I., Gallo, A., Conte, M., Rosato, C., Appiani, M. C., & VINCENTIIS, M. D. (2016) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2016.07.022 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
The epigenetics of aging and neurodegeneration
Lardenoije, R., Iatrou, A., Kenis, G., Kompotis, K., Steinbusch, H. W. M., Mastroeni, D., Coleman, P., Lemere, C. A., Hof, P. R., van den Hove, D. L. A., et al. (2015) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.05.002 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
The Role of Magnesium in Neurological Disorders
Kirkland, A. E., Sarlo, G. L., & Holton, K. F. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10060730 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
“Other factors that impact PD include mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and protein dysfunction [143].”
Background
The Hsp70/Hsp90 Chaperone Machinery in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Lackie, R. E., Maciejewski, A., Ostapchenko, V. G., Marques-Lopes, J., Choy, W., Duennwald, M. L., Prado, V. F., & Prado, M. A. M. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2017.00254 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Evaluation of handwriting kinematics and pressure for differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease
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Authors: de Lau, L. M., & Breteler, M. M.
Affiliations: Erasmus MC (NL)
Corresponding author: Breteler, Monique MB
ORCID: Breteler, Monique MB
Venue: The Lancet Neurology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2006-06
Volume: 5
Issue: 6
Pages: 525-535
ISSN: 1474-4422 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(06)70471-9
OpenAlex: W2134886133
Cited by: 4,110
References: 119
Citations by year: 2026: 108 · 2025: 172 · 2024: 229 · 2023: 230 · 2022: 307 · 2021: 315 · 2020: 337 · 2019: 290 · 2018: 301 · 2017: 284 · 2016: 259 · 2015: 288 · 2014: 232 · 2013: 200 · 2012: 159
FWCI: 7.02
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: The Lancet Neurology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Keywords: Parkinson's disease, prevalence, incidence, risk factors, prognosis, genetic susceptibility, gene-environment interaction, neurodegeneration, prospective cohort
MeSH terms: Age Factors, Humans, Parkinson Disease, Prognosis, Risk Factors

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