Oncology healthcare providers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practice behaviors regarding LGBT health

Abstract

Objective There are limited data on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) health and healthcare experiences. An important part of healthcare experiences are interactions with the provider. This study assessed knowledge, attitudes, and practice behaviors of oncology providers regarding LGBT health. Methods A 32-item web-based survey was emailed to 388 oncology providers at a single institution. The survey was divided into five sections: demographics, knowledge, attitudes, practice behaviors, and open comments. Results 108 providers participated in the survey (28% response rate). Less than 50% answered the knowledge questions. 94% stated they were comfortable treating this population. 26% actively inquired about a patient’s sexual orientation when taking a history and 28% felt they were well informed on the health needs of this population. 36% felt the need for mandatory education on LGBT cultural competency at the institution. Results from the open comments section identified key themes such as the need for increased oncology provider education and a misconception that inquiring about a patient’s sexual orientation/gender identity wasn’t necessary. Conclusion This study revealed knowledge gaps about LGBT health risks in the majority of providers surveyed. Cultural competency training may aid oncology providers to understand the need to know a patient’s gender identity and sexual orientation. Practice Implications Health care providers who incorporate the routine collection of gender identity and sexual orientation (SOGI) in their patient history taking may improve patient care. While identifying as LGBT does not in itself increase risk for adverse health outcomes, this population tends to have increased risk behaviors. Providers who are aware of LGBT status of their patients may offer education, counseling and referrals for reduction of risk behaviors.