Rabbit models for the study of human atherosclerosis: from pathophysiological mechanisms to translational medicine
Open accessAbstract
Laboratory animal models play an important role in the study of human diseases. Using appropriate animals is critical not only for basic research but also for the development of therapeutics and diagnostic tools. Rabbits are widely used for the study of human atherosclerosis. Because rabbits have a unique feature of lipoprotein metabolism (like humans but unlike rodents) and are sensitive to a cholesterol diet, rabbit models have not only provided many insights into the pathogenesis and development of human atherosclerosis but also made a great contribution to translational research. In fact, rabbit was the first animal model used for studying human atherosclerosis, more than a century ago. Currently, three types of rabbit model are commonly used for the study of human atherosclerosis and lipid metabolism: (1) cholesterol-fed rabbits, (2) Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits, analogous to human familial hypercholesterolemia due to genetic deficiency of LDL receptors, and (3) genetically modified (transgenic and knock-out) rabbits. Despite their importance, compared with the mouse, the most widely used laboratory animal model nowadays, the use of rabbit models is still limited. In this review, we focus on the features of rabbit lipoprotein metabolism and pathology of atherosclerotic lesions that make it the optimal model for human atherosclerotic disease, especially for the translational medicine. For the sake of clarity, the review is not an attempt to be completely inclusive, but instead attempts to summarize substantial information concisely and provide a guideline for experiments using rabbits.
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The spontaneous Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic MI (WHHL-MI) rabbit model was developed for cardiac research.
“The spontaneous Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic MI (WHHL-MI) model has been developed in rabbits for cardiac research purposes [122].”
From Cardiovascular disease models: A game changing paradigm in drug discovery and screening (2019) · cites this paper as [122]
Rabbit myocardium shares more similarities with human myocardium than small rodent myocardium does.
“rabbit myocardium shares more similarities with humans than what small rodents do [122]”
From Cardiovascular disease models: A game changing paradigm in drug discovery and screening (2019) · cites this paper as [122]
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Flagged first, then by citations
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Animal models of atherosclerosis
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Cardiovascular disease models: A game changing paradigm in drug discovery and screening
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Animal Models of Neointimal Hyperplasia and Restenosis
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Exploring rabbit as a nonrodent species for general toxicology studies
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- Authors
- Fan, J., Kitajima, S., Watanabe, T., Xu, J., Zhang, J., Liu, E., & Chen, Y. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Yamanashi (JP)
- Saga University (JP)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Xi'an Jiaotong University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Fan, Jianglin
- Chen, Y. Eugene
- Venue
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-02
- Volume
- 146
- Pages
- 104-119
- ISSN
- 0163-7258 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4304984
- OpenAlex
- W2046993793
- Cited by
- 333
- References
- 116
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 3.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (19390099, 21659078, 22390068, 71790514)
- National Institutes of Health (HL068878, HL088391, HL105114, NS066652)
- American Heart Association (0835237N)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Keywords
- rabbit model, atherosclerosis, lipoprotein metabolism, cholesterol-fed rabbits, Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits, familial hypercholesterolemia, LDL receptor deficiency, transgenic rabbits, atherosclerotic plaque, translational medicine, animal models of human disease
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Rabbits, Animals, Genetically Modified, Atherosclerosis, Lipid Metabolism, Translational Research, Biomedical
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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