The DOI matches its Crossref record; 375 of the 379 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Dysfunction of ABC transporters at the blood-brain barrier: Role in neurological disorders
Abstract
ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporters represent one of the largest and most diverse superfamily of proteins in living species, playing an important role in many biological processes such as cell homeostasis, cell signaling, drug metabolism and nutrient uptake. Moreover, using the energy generated from ATP hydrolysis, they mediate the efflux of endogenous and exogenous substrates from inside the cells, thereby reducing their intracellular accumulation. At present, 48 ABC transporters have been identified in humans, which were classified into 7 different subfamilies (A to G) according to their phylogenetic analysis. Nevertheless, the most studied members with importance in drug therapeutic efficacy and toxicity include P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a member of the ABCB subfamily, the multidrug-associated proteins (MPRs), members of the ABCC subfamily, and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), a member of the ABCG subfamily. They exhibit ubiquitous expression throughout the human body, with a special relevance in barrier tissues like the blood-brain barrier (BBB). At this level, they play a physiological function in tissue protection by reducing or limiting the brain accumulation of neurotoxins. Furthermore, dysfunction of ABC transporters, at expression and/or activity level, has been associated with many neurological diseases, including epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Additionally, these transporters are strikingly associated with the pharmacoresistance to central nervous system (CNS) acting drugs, because they contribute to the decrease in drug bioavailability. This article reviews the signaling pathways that regulate the expression and activity of P-gp, BCRP and MRPs subfamilies of transporters, with particular attention at the BBB level, and their mis-regulation in neurological disorders.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In the AD context, from the 48 ABC transporters identified, the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is recognized as one of the Aβ efflux pumps [19].”
From Advances in Strategies to Transport Nanoparticles Across the Blood–Brain Barrier for Drug Delivery into the Brain for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (2026) · cites this paper as [19]
Citations
Cites
The Amyloid Hypothesis of Alzheimer’s Disease: Progress and Problems on the Road to Therapeutics
Hardy, J., & Selkoe, D. J. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1072994 · Cited by 13,864
The biology of VEGF and its receptors
Ferrara, N., Gerber, H.-P., & LeCouter, J. (2003) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0603-669 · Cited by 9,591
Alzheimer's disease: the amyloid cascade hypothesis
Hardy, J. A., & Higgins, G. A. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1566067 · Cited by 7,484
Kalia, L. V., & Lang, A. E. (2015) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61393-3 · Cited by 6,184
The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease at 25 years
Selkoe, D. J., & Hardy, J. (2016) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.15252/emmm.201606210 · Cited by 6,164
Iliff, J. J., Wang, M., Liao, Y., Plogg, B. A., Peng, W., Gundersen, G. A., Benveniste, H., Vates, G. E., Deane, R., Goldman, S. A., et al. (2012) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3003748 · Cited by 5,824
Astrocyte-endothelial interactions at the blood-brain barrier
Abbott, N. J., Rönnbäck, L., & Hansson, E. (2006) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1824 · Cited by 5,595
Structure and function of the blood–brain barrier
Abbott, N. J., Patabendige, A. A. K., Dolman, D. E. M., Yusof, S. R., & Begley, D. J. (2010) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2009.07.030 · Cited by 5,185
Kwan, P., Arzimanoglou, A. A., Berg, A. T., Brodie, M. J., Hauser, W. A., Mathern, G. W., Moshé, S. L., Perucca, E., Wiebe, S., & French, J. A. (2009) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02397.x · Cited by 4,918
Compston, A., & Coles, A. J. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61620-7 · Cited by 4,699
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Goldenberg, 2012, Multiple sclerosis review, Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 37, 175
- Liu, 2018, Effects of the antiretroviral drug 2′-deoxy-2′-beta-fluoro-4′-azidocytidine (FNC) on P-gp, MRP2 and BCRP expressions and functions, Pharmazie, 73, 503
- Schulz, 2015, Depression, Continuum (Minneap Minn), 21, 756, 10.1212/01.CON.0000466664.35650.b4 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–152 of 152
Wakid, M., Almeida, D. M., Aouabed, Z., Rahimian, R., Davoli, M. A., Yerko, V., Leonova-Erko, E., Richard, V. R., Zahedi, R. P., Borchers, C. H., et al. (2023) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100684 · Cited by 4
Targeting epigenetic remodeling of the blood-brain barrier: current knowledge for drug therapy
Akhoury, M., Vegara, N., Stamatovic, S. M., Keep, R. F., & Andjelkovic, A. V. (2026) · Epigenomics · doi:10.1080/17501911.2026.2637419 · Cited by 3
Joshi, P., Patel, R., Kang, S., Serbinowski, E., & Lee, M. (2022) · Toxicology in Vitro · doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105375 · Cited by 3
Central Versus Peripheral Drug Exposure Ratio, a Key Differentiator for Siponimod Over Fingolimod?
Bigaud, M., Ramseier, P., Tisserand, S., Lang, M., Urban, B., Beerli, C., & Karlsson, G. (2023) · Neurology and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40120-023-00487-4 · Cited by 3
Lv, M., Guan, Z., Cui, J., Ma, X., Zhang, K., Shao, X., Zhang, M., Gao, Y., Yang, Y., & Liu, X. (2024) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117515 · Cited by 3
Yao, N., Huang, S., Huang, A., & Song, H. (2022) · European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00228-022-03373-4 · Cited by 3
Dong, Z., Han, K. Q., Xie, Q., Lin, C., Shen, X., Hao, Y., Li, J., Xu, H., He, L., Yu, T., et al. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.106 · Cited by 4
Chaves, J. C. S., Wasielewska, J. M., Cuní‐López, C., Rantanen, L. M., Lee, S., Koıstınaho, J., White, A. R., & Oikari, L. E. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2605800/v1 · Cited by 3
Silva, R., Monteiro, J., Ramalho, M. J., Andrade, S., Loureiro, J. A., & Pereira, M. C. (2026) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph19050685 · Cited by 2
Self-citationOsten, F., Löscher, W., & Gericke, B. (2023) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2023.116712 · Cited by 2
Xie, Y., Yang, M., Huang, J., & Jiang, Z. (2025) · Journal of Inflammation Research · doi:10.2147/jir.s500360 · Cited by 2
Revisiting the Role of the Leucine Plug/Valve in the Human ABCG2 Multidrug Transporter
Mózner, O., Szabó, K. S., Bodnár, A., Koppány, C., Homolya, L., Várady, G., Hegedűs, T., Sarkadi, B., & Telbisz, Á. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26094010 · Cited by 2
Hu, J., Jiang, X. S., Li, C., Zhang, Q., Wu, X., Zhang, W., & Zhuang, X. (2025) · Drug Delivery · doi:10.1080/10717544.2025.2585612 · Cited by 2
Wang, J., Wang, C., Zhang, Y., Yan, W., Fang, J., Li, W., & Wang, R. (2025) · Biomedical Chromatography · doi:10.1002/bmc.70295 · Cited by 2
Peptide-Based Delivery Systems: Selected Insights into Cell-Penetrating Peptides
Adam, H., Abdollahi, S., & Musaimi, O. A. (2026) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.6c00266 · Cited by 3
D’Angiolini, S., Basile, M. S., Mazzon, E., & Gugliandolo, A. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241813924 · Cited by 2
Zhao, Y., Yao, S., Huang, J., Liang, X., Deng, H., Tong, Z., Liu, M., & Guo, H. (2024) · ACS Applied Nano Materials · doi:10.1021/acsanm.4c04693 · Cited by 2
HnRNPA1 and Its Effect in the Expression of ABCC (ABCC4 and ABCC6) Transporter in Glioma Cell LinesPreprint
Namgail, T., Kumar, D., Vashistha, V., Aquib, A., & Yadav, A. K. (2020) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0193.v1 · Cited by 2
TRANSPORTERS AS THERAPEUTIC TARGETS IN HUMAN DISEASES
Jones, R. S., & Chen, E. C. (2022) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119739883.ch24 · Cited by 1
Liu, H., Wei, X., He, Y., Pan, S., Wang, C., Cheng, J., Zhao, Q., Shi, K., & Si, H. (2025) · Poultry Science · doi:10.1016/j.psj.2025.104956 · Cited by 1
Bitter Taste Receptors as Gatekeepers of Brain Barriers
Duarte, A. C., Costa, A. R., Gonçalves, I., Quintela, T., & Santos, C. R. A. (2025) · Current human cell research and applications · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-9495-9_4 · Cited by 1
Fu, Z., Cui, X. Y., Liu, S., Gao, L., Sun, Y., Chen, Y., Li, M., Fan, Y., Kuang, J., Song, W. L., et al. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202515349 · Cited by 1
Search for marker proteins to assess blood–brain barrier development
Shigemoto‐Mogami, Y., Nakayama-Kitamura, K., & Sato, K. (2026) · Frontiers in Neuroanatomy · doi:10.3389/fnana.2026.1717532 · Cited by 1
Hu, M., Chen, X.-L., Lv, X., Sui, R., He, R.-R., Wu, W., Zhu, Y.-Y., Zhou, J., Duan, J.-A., Cheng, H., et al. (2026) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2026.114951 · Cited by 1
Yang, H., Su, B.-W., Bao, Y.-N., Wang, W.-H., Lao, J.-Y., Ji, H.-Y., Han, S., Cui, X.-H., Ren, H.-W., & Luan, Z.-L. (2026) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2026.1880374 · Cited by 1
Castañeda‐Cabral, J. L., Ureña‐Guerrero, M. E., & López‐Pérez, S. J. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-36526-3_13 · Cited by 1
Taggi, V., Schäfer, A. M., Oswald, S., Kinzi, J., Seibert, I., Al‐Khatib, A., & zu Schwabedissen, H. E. M. (2025) · Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition · doi:10.1002/bdd.70002 · Cited by 1
Gatekeeper of the brain: unraveling the role of ABCB1 in Parkinson’s disease progression and therapy
Saqib, B. Z. U., Patel, R., Porel, P., & Aran, K. R. (2025) · Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology · doi:10.1007/s11055-025-01854-4 · Cited by 1
Monitoring the Function of the P-glycoprotein Transporter at the Blood Brain Barrier
García-Varela, L. (2021) · University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) · doi:10.33612/diss.178482741
Yao, N., Huang, S., Huang, A., & Hongtao, S. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1432957/v1
Medikamentös-induzierte psychiatrische Nebenwirkungen
Hüll, M. (2022) · PSYCH up2date · doi:10.1055/a-1345-3428
An electrochemical gram-scale protocol for pyridylation of inert N-heterocycles with cyanopyridines
Niu, C., Yang, J., Yan, K., Xie, J., Jiang, W., Li, B., & Wen, J. (2022) · STAR Protocols · doi:10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101565
The impact of cannabinoids in Schizophrenia: a systematic review
Águas, A. P., Carvalho, F. D., Carmo, H., Valente, M. J., & da Silva, D. D. (2022) · RevSALUS - Revista Científica da Rede Académica das Ciências da Saúde da Lusofonia · doi:10.51126/revsalus.v4isup.397
In vitro neuroprotective effects of dua-acting antiparkinsonians
Silva, V., Benfeito, S., Gil-Martins, E., Costa, I., Remião, F., Borges, F., & Silva, R. (2022) · RevSALUS - Revista Científica da Rede Académica das Ciências da Saúde da Lusofonia · doi:10.51126/revsalus.v4isup.396
Self-citationStepanov, I. A., Beloborodov, V. A., & Shameeva, M. A. (2023) · P A Herzen Journal of Oncology · doi:10.17116/onkolog20231202156
Reichert, C. O. (2023) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.5.2023.tde-15062023-142020
Monteiro, A. R., Maia, M., Martins, M., Sousa, E., Remião, F., & Silva, R. (2023) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(23)00828-7
Self-citationZhao, A., Hu, L., Yao, W., Chang, X., Wang, R., & Li, W. (2023) · PubMed Central · doi:10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.230201
Analysis of transporter activity in an Alzheimer’s disease blood-brain barrier cell model
Chaves, J. (2024) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.248279
Challenges of Brain Targeting and Mechanism of Drug Transfer Across Brain Barriers
Duarte, A. C., Mineiro, R., Santos, C. R. A., Costa, D. R. B., & Quintela, T. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-2859-6_2
Internalization and transport mechanisms of the walnut-derived peptide in bEnd.3 cells
Dang, Q., Wang, P., Li, Z., Liu, C., Zhao, F., Liu, X., & Min, W. (2024) · Food Science and Human Wellness · doi:10.26599/fshw.2024.9250354
Special Issue “Molecular Advances in Cancer and Cell Metabolism”
Mesuraca, M., Quaresima, B., Scicchitano, S., & Faniello, M. C. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26051876
Bouhrira, N., DeOre, B. J., Tran, K. A., & Galie, P. A. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21629043
Liver-nervous system axis: pathways, dysregulation, and translational perspectives
Hao, D., Hu, Y., Luo, W., Li, S., Yan, Y., & Zhou, J. (2026) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-026-03875-3
Veiga-Matos, J., Costa, I., Silva, R., & Remião, F. (2026) · Current Opinion in Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.cotox.2026.100604
Self-citationMaia, M., Monteiro, A. R., Martins, M. S., Martínez-González, L., Martı́nez, A., Remião, F., Silva, R. V. D. S., & Sousa, E. (2026) · ChemMedChem · doi:10.1002/cmdc.70352
Self-citationGómez-Román, J., Restrepo, J., González, L. M., González-Rodríguez, L., Lacombe-Antoneli, Á., Gutiérrez-Martı́n, Y., de la Maya, M. D., Mesegué, M., Dapena, J. L., Carboné, A., et al. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15176877
Ma, N., Chen, C., Wang, R., Liu, Y., Fan, L., Wang, W., Zhang, Q., Yan, R., Ren, Z., Ning, X., et al. (2026) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.120684
Cannas, C., Rocchitta, G., Carta, A., Piras, S., & Migheli, R. (2026) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb48090912
Glioblastoma as a dynamic tumor ecosystem: from molecular alterations to therapeutic translation
Górecki, L. (2026) · Experimental Hematology and Oncology · doi:10.1186/s40164-026-00854-5
Metadata
- Authors
- Gil-Martins, E., Barbosa, D. J., Silva, V., Remião, F., & Silva, R.
- Affiliations
- Universidade do Porto (PT)
- Corresponding author
- Remião, Fernando
- Silva, Renata
- Venue
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-09
- Volume
- 213
- Pages
- 107554
- ISSN
- 0163-7258 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3017050326
- Cited by
- 152
- References
- 379
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 7
- FWCI
- 2.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Keywords
- ABC transporters, blood-brain barrier, P-glycoprotein, ABCG2, multidrug resistance protein, neurological disorders, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, drug resistance, signaling pathways, transporter regulation, drug bioavailability
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood-Brain Barrier, Brain, Central Nervous System Agents, Drug Resistance, Humans, Nervous System Diseases, ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
