CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 6,184

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Parkinson's disease

Kalia, Lorraine V, Lang, Anthony E·2015·The Lancet
DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61393-3
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder with evolving layers of complexity. It has long been characterised by the classical motor features of parkinsonism associated with Lewy bodies and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. However, the symptomatology of Parkinson's disease is now recognised as heterogeneous, with clinically significant non-motor features. Similarly, its pathology involves extensive regions of the nervous system, various neurotransmitters, and protein aggregates other than just Lewy bodies. The cause of Parkinson's disease remains unknown, but risk of developing Parkinson's disease is no longer viewed as primarily due to environmental factors. Instead, Parkinson's disease seems to result from a complicated interplay of genetic and environmental factors affecting numerous fundamental cellular processes. The complexity of Parkinson's disease is accompanied by clinical challenges, including an inability to make a definitive diagnosis at the earliest stages of the disease and difficulties in the management of symptoms at later stages. Furthermore, there are no treatments that slow the neurodegenerative process. In this Seminar, we review these complexities and challenges of Parkinson's disease.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61393-3

Cites

18 of 18 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder resulting in severe disability due to progressive degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway.

    “Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder resulting in severe disability due to progressive degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway.60,61”

    From MiR-128-3p – a gray eminence of the human central nervous system (2024) · cites this paper as [60]

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 154

  1. Goetz, 2011, The history of Parkinson's disease: early clinical descriptions and neurological therapies, Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med, 1, a008862, 10.1101/cshperspect.a008862 · DOI
  2. Marras, 2013, Parkinson's disease subtypes: lost in translation?, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 84, 409, 10.1136/jnnp-2012-303455 · DOI
  3. Jankovic, 1990, Variable expression of Parkinson's disease: a base-line analysis of the DATATOP cohort. The Parkinson Study Group, Neurology, 40, 1529, 10.1212/WNL.40.10.1529 · DOI
  4. Khoo, 2013, The spectrum of nonmotor symptoms in early Parkinson disease, Neurology, 80, 276, 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31827deb74 · DOI
  5. Martinez-Martin, 2011, The impact of non-motor symptoms on health-related quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease, Mov Disord, 26, 399, 10.1002/mds.23462 · DOI
  6. Duncan, 2014, Health-related quality of life in early Parkinson's disease: the impact of nonmotor symptoms, Mov Disord, 29, 195, 10.1002/mds.25664 · DOI
  7. Postuma, 2012, Identifying prodromal Parkinson's disease: pre-motor disorders in Parkinson's disease, Mov Disord, 27, 617, 10.1002/mds.24996 · DOI
  8. Aurora, 2010, Best practice guide for the treatment of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), J Clin Sleep Med, 6, 85, 10.5664/jcsm.27717 · DOI
  9. Postuma, 2009, Quantifying the risk of neurodegenerative disease in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder, Neurology, 72, 1296, 10.1212/01.wnl.0000340980.19702.6e · DOI
  10. Schenck, 2013, Delayed emergence of a parkinsonian disorder or dementia in 81% of older men initially diagnosed with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: a 16-year update on a previously reported series, Sleep Med, 14, 744, 10.1016/j.sleep.2012.10.009 · DOI · Paper page
  11. Iranzo, 2013, Neurodegenerative disease status and post-mortem pathology in idiopathic rapid-eye-movement sleep behaviour disorder: an observational cohort study, Lancet Neurol, 12, 443, 10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70056-5 · DOI
  12. Noyce, 2012, Meta-analysis of early nonmotor features and risk factors for Parkinson disease, Ann Neurol, 72, 893, 10.1002/ana.23687 · DOI
  13. Siderowf, 2012, Premotor Parkinson's disease: concepts and definitions, Mov Disord, 27, 608, 10.1002/mds.24954 · DOI · Paper page
  14. Hely, 2008, The Sydney multicenter study of Parkinson's disease: the inevitability of dementia at 20 years, Mov Disord, 23, 837, 10.1002/mds.21956 · DOI
  15. Coelho, 2012, Late-stage Parkinson disease, Nat Rev Neurol, 8, 435, 10.1038/nrneurol.2012.126 · DOI
  16. Dorsey, 2007, Projected number of people with Parkinson disease in the most populous nations, 2005 through 2030, Neurology, 68, 384, 10.1212/01.wnl.0000247740.47667.03 · DOI
  17. 2014, 2014 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures, Alzheimers Dement, 10, e47
  18. Von Campenhausen, 2005, Prevalence and incidence of Parkinson's disease in Europe, Eur Neuropsychopharmacol, 15, 473, 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2005.04.007 · DOI
  19. Strickland, 2004, Parkinson's prevalence estimated by a state registry, Mov Disord, 19, 318, 10.1002/mds.10619 · DOI
  20. Bauso, 2012, Incidence and prevalence of Parkinson's disease in Buenos Aires City, Argentina, Eur J Neurol, 19, 1108, 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2012.03683.x · DOI
  21. Okubadejo, 2006, Parkinson's disease in Africa: a systematic review of epidemiologic and genetic studies, Mov Disord, 21, 2150, 10.1002/mds.21153 · DOI
  22. Benamer, 2008, Parkinson's disease in Arabs: a systematic review, Mov Disord, 23, 1205, 10.1002/mds.22041 · DOI
  23. Van Den Eeden, 2003, Incidence of Parkinson's disease: variation by age, gender, and race/ethnicity, Am J Epidemiol, 157, 1015, 10.1093/aje/kwg068 · DOI
  24. Driver, 2009, Incidence and remaining lifetime risk of Parkinson disease in advanced age, Neurology, 72, 432, 10.1212/01.wnl.0000341769.50075.bb · DOI
  25. Ritz, 2014, Parkinson disease and smoking revisited: ease of quitting is an early sign of the disease, Neurology, 83, 1396, 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000879 · DOI
  26. Cipriani, 2010, Urate: a novel biomarker of Parkinson's disease risk, diagnosis and prognosis, Biomark Med, 4, 701, 10.2217/bmm.10.94 · DOI
  27. Mortimer, 2012, Associations of welding and manganese exposure with Parkinson disease: review and meta-analysis, Neurology, 79, 1174, 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182698ced · DOI
  28. Foubert-Samier, 2012, Past exposure to neuroleptic drugs and risk of Parkinson disease in an elderly cohort, Neurology, 79, 1615, 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31826e25ce · DOI
  29. Goldman, 2012, Solvent exposures and Parkinson disease risk in twins, Ann Neurol, 71, 776, 10.1002/ana.22629 · DOI
  30. Corti, 2011, What genetics tells us about the causes and mechanisms of Parkinson's disease, Physiol Rev, 91, 1161, 10.1152/physrev.00022.2010 · DOI
  31. Sidransky, 2012, The link between the GBA gene and parkinsonism, Lancet Neurol, 11, 986, 10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70190-4 · DOI
  32. Lee, 2012, Traumatic brain injury, paraquat exposure, and their relationship to Parkinson disease, Neurology, 79, 2061, 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182749f28 · DOI
  33. Popat, 2011, Coffee, ADORA2A, and CYP1A2: the caffeine connection in Parkinson's disease, Eur J Neurol, 18, 756, 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03353.x · DOI
  34. Goldman, 2012, Head injury, alpha-synuclein Rep1, and Parkinson's disease, Ann Neurol, 71, 40, 10.1002/ana.22499 · DOI
  35. Dickson, 2009, Neuropathological assessment of Parkinson's disease: refining the diagnostic criteria, Lancet Neurol, 8, 1150, 10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70238-8 · DOI · Paper page
  36. Kordower, 2013, Disease duration and the integrity of the nigrostriatal system in Parkinson's disease, Brain, 136, 2419, 10.1093/brain/awt192 · DOI
  37. Dickson, 2012, Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism: neuropathology, Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med, 2, a009258, 10.1101/cshperspect.a009258 · DOI · Paper page
  38. Masters, 2011, Overview and recent advances in neuropathology. Part 2: Neurodegeneration, Pathology, 43, 93, 10.1097/PAT.0b013e3283426eee · DOI
  39. Spillantini, 1997, Alpha-synuclein in Lewy bodies, Nature, 388, 839, 10.1038/42166 · DOI · Paper page
  40. Goedert, 2012, 100 years of Lewy pathology, Nat Rev Neurol, 9, 13, 10.1038/nrneurol.2012.242 · DOI · Paper page
  41. Iwanaga, 1999, Lewy body-type degeneration in cardiac plexus in Parkinson's and incidental Lewy body diseases, Neurology, 52, 1269, 10.1212/WNL.52.6.1269 · DOI
  42. Fumimura, 2007, Analysis of the adrenal gland is useful for evaluating pathology of the peripheral autonomic nervous system in lewy body disease, J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 66, 354, 10.1097/nen.0b013e3180517454 · DOI
  43. Beach, 2010, Multi-organ distribution of phosphorylated alpha-synuclein histopathology in subjects with Lewy body disorders, Acta Neuropathol, 119, 689, 10.1007/s00401-010-0664-3 · DOI · Paper page
  44. Del Tredici, 2010, Lewy pathology in the submandibular gland of individuals with incidental Lewy body disease and sporadic Parkinson's disease, Acta Neuropathol, 119, 703, 10.1007/s00401-010-0665-2 · DOI
  45. Braak, 2003, Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson's disease, Neurobiol Aging, 24, 197, 10.1016/S0197-4580(02)00065-9 · DOI · Paper page
  46. Selikhova, 2009, A clinico-pathological study of subtypes in Parkinson's disease, Brain, 132, 2947, 10.1093/brain/awp234 · DOI
  47. Kempster, 2010, Relationships between age and late progression of Parkinson's disease: a clinico-pathological study, Brain, 133, 1755, 10.1093/brain/awq059 · DOI
  48. Irwin, 2012, Neuropathologic substrates of Parkinson disease dementia, Ann Neurol, 72, 587, 10.1002/ana.23659 · DOI · Paper page
  49. Parkkinen, 2008, Applicability of current staging/categorization of alpha-synuclein pathology and their clinical relevance, Acta Neuropathol, 115, 399, 10.1007/s00401-008-0346-6 · DOI
  50. Halliday, 2008, The progression of pathology in longitudinally followed patients with Parkinson's disease, Acta Neuropathol, 115, 409, 10.1007/s00401-008-0344-8 · DOI
  51. Saito, 2003, Accumulation of phosphorylated alpha-synuclein in aging human brain, J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 62, 644, 10.1093/jnen/62.6.644 · DOI
  52. Kovacs, 2012, An antibody with high reactivity for disease-associated α-synuclein reveals extensive brain pathology, Acta Neuropathol, 124, 37, 10.1007/s00401-012-0964-x · DOI
  53. Schulz-Schaeffer, 2010, The synaptic pathology of α-synuclein aggregation in dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease and Parkinson's disease dementia, Acta Neuropathol, 120, 131, 10.1007/s00401-010-0711-0 · DOI · Paper page
  54. Cremades, 2012, Direct observation of the interconversion of normal and toxic forms of α-synuclein, Cell, 149, 1048, 10.1016/j.cell.2012.03.037 · DOI · Paper page
  55. Kalia, 2013, α-Synuclein oligomers and clinical implications for Parkinson disease, Ann Neurol, 73, 155, 10.1002/ana.23746 · DOI
  56. Compta, 2011, Lewy- and Alzheimer-type pathologies in Parkinson's disease dementia: which is more important?, Brain, 134, 1493, 10.1093/brain/awr031 · DOI
  57. Irwin, 2013, Parkinson's disease dementia: convergence of α-synuclein, tau and amyloid-β pathologies, Nat Rev Neurosci, 14, 626, 10.1038/nrn3549 · DOI
  58. Doherty, 2013, Parkin disease: a clinicopathologic entity?, JAMA Neurol, 70, 571, 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.172 · DOI
  59. Poulopoulos, 2012, The neuropathology of genetic Parkinson's disease, Mov Disord, 27, 831, 10.1002/mds.24962 · DOI
  60. Kalia, 2015, Clinical correlations with Lewy body pathology in LRRK2-related Parkinson's disease, JAMA Neurol, 72, 100, 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.2704 · DOI
  61. Tansey, 2010, Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease: its role in neuronal death and implications for therapeutic intervention, Neurobiol Dis, 37, 510, 10.1016/j.nbd.2009.11.004 · DOI · Paper page
  62. Phani, 2012, Neurodegeneration and inflammation in Parkinson's disease, Parkinsonism Relat Disord, 18, S207, 10.1016/S1353-8020(11)70064-5 · DOI · Paper page
  63. Devine, 2011, Parkinson's disease and alpha-synuclein expression, Mov Disord, 26, 2160, 10.1002/mds.23948 · DOI
  64. Cookson, 2012, Cellular effects of LRRK2 mutations, Biochem Soc Trans, 40, 1070, 10.1042/BST20120165 · DOI
  65. Dzamko, 2012, An emerging role for LRRK2 in the immune system, Biochem Soc Trans, 40, 1134, 10.1042/BST20120119 · DOI
  66. Lee, 2012, The synaptic function of LRRK2, Biochem Soc Trans, 40, 1047, 10.1042/BST20120113 · DOI
  67. Sanna, 2012, LRRK2 and vesicle trafficking, Biochem Soc Trans, 40, 1117, 10.1042/BST20120117 · DOI
  68. Martin, 2014, Ribosomal protein s15 phosphorylation mediates LRRK2 neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease, Cell, 157, 472, 10.1016/j.cell.2014.01.064 · DOI · Paper page
  69. Paisán-Ruíz, 2004, Cloning of the gene containing mutations that cause PARK8-linked Parkinson's disease, Neuron, 44, 595, 10.1016/j.neuron.2004.10.023 · DOI
  70. Healy, 2008, Phenotype, genotype, and worldwide genetic penetrance of LRRK2-associated Parkinson's disease: a case-control study, Lancet Neurol, 7, 583, 10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70117-0 · DOI · Paper page
  71. Aasly, 2010, Novel pathogenic LRRK2 p.Asn1437His substitution in familial Parkinson's disease, Mov Disord, 25, 2156, 10.1002/mds.23265 · DOI
  72. Ozelius, 2006, LRRK2 G2019S as a cause of Parkinson's disease in Ashkenazi Jews, N Engl J Med, 354, 424, 10.1056/NEJMc055509 · DOI
  73. Lesage, 2006, LRRK2 G2019S as a cause of Parkinson's disease in North African Arabs, N Engl J Med, 354, 422, 10.1056/NEJMc055540 · DOI · Paper page
  74. Zimprich, 2011, A mutation in VPS35, encoding a subunit of the retromer complex, causes late-onset Parkinson disease, Am J Hum Genet, 89, 168, 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.06.008 · DOI · Paper page
  75. Vilariño-Güell, 2011, VPS35 mutations in Parkinson disease, Am J Hum Genet, 89, 162, 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.06.001 · DOI · Paper page
  76. Chartier-Harlin, 2011, Translation initiator EIF4G1 mutations in familial Parkinson disease, Am J Hum Genet, 89, 398, 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.08.009 · DOI
  77. Vilariño-Güell, 2014, DNAJC13 mutations in Parkinson disease, Hum Mol Genet, 23, 1794, 10.1093/hmg/ddt570 · DOI
  78. Funayama, 2015, CHCHD2 mutations in autosomal dominant late-onset Parkinson's disease: a genome-wide linkage and sequencing study, Lancet Neurol, 14, 274, 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70266-2 · DOI
  79. Bonifacino, 2008, Retromer, Curr Opin Cell Biol, 20, 427, 10.1016/j.ceb.2008.03.009 · DOI · Paper page
  80. Tucci, 2012, Study of the genetic variability in a Parkinson's Disease gene: EIF4G1, Neurosci Lett, 518, 19, 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.04.033 · DOI
  81. Schulte, 2012, Variants in eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G1 in sporadic Parkinson's disease, Neurogenetics, 13, 281, 10.1007/s10048-012-0334-9 · DOI
  82. Schrag, 2006, Epidemiological, clinical, and genetic characteristics of early-onset parkinsonism, Lancet Neurol, 5, 355, 10.1016/S1474-4422(06)70411-2 · DOI
  83. Lücking, 2000, Association between early-onset Parkinson's disease and mutations in the parkin gene, N Engl J Med, 342, 1560, 10.1056/NEJM200005253422103 · DOI
  84. Periquet, 2003, Parkin mutations are frequent in patients with isolated early-onset parkinsonism, Brain, 126, 1271, 10.1093/brain/awg136 · DOI
  85. Singleton, 2013, The genetics of Parkinson's disease: progress and therapeutic implications, Mov Disord, 28, 14, 10.1002/mds.25249 · DOI
  86. Klein, 2007, Deciphering the role of heterozygous mutations in genes associated with parkinsonism, Lancet Neurol, 6, 652, 10.1016/S1474-4422(07)70174-6 · DOI
  87. Mccoy, 2012, Mitochondrial quality control and dynamics in Parkinson's disease, Antioxid Redox Signal, 16, 869, 10.1089/ars.2011.4019 · DOI
  88. Puschmann, 2013, Monogenic Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism: clinical phenotypes and frequencies of known mutations, Parkinsonism Relat Disord, 19, 407, 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2013.01.020 · DOI
  89. Krebs, 2013, The Sac1 domain of SYNJ1 identified mutated in a family with early-onset progressive parkinsonism with generalized seizures, Hum Mutat, 34, 1200, 10.1002/humu.22372 · DOI
  90. Quadri, 2013, Mutation in the SYNJ1 gene associated with autosomal recessive, early-onset parkinsonism, Hum Mutat, 34, 1208, 10.1002/humu.22373 · DOI
  91. Wilson, 2014, Mutations in RAB39B cause X-linked intellectual disability and early-onset Parkinson disease with α-synuclein pathology, Am J Hum Genet, 95, 729, 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.10.015 · DOI
  92. Butcher, 2013, Association between early-onset Parkinson disease and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: identification of a novel genetic form of Parkinson disease and its clinical implications, JAMA Neurol, 70, 1359, 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.3646 · DOI
  93. Trinh, 2013, Advances in the genetics of Parkinson disease, Nat Rev Neurol, 9, 445, 10.1038/nrneurol.2013.132 · DOI
  94. Bezard, 2011, A tale on animal models of Parkinson's disease, Mov Disord, 26, 993, 10.1002/mds.23696 · DOI
  95. Kordower, 2008, Transplanted dopaminergic neurons develop PD pathologic changes: a second case report, Mov Disord, 23, 2303, 10.1002/mds.22369 · DOI
  96. Luk, 2012, Intracerebral inoculation of pathological alpha-synuclein initiates a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative alpha-synucleinopathy in mice, J Exp Med, 209, 975, 10.1084/jem.20112457 · DOI
  97. Luk, 2012, Pathological alpha-synuclein transmission initiates Parkinson-like neurodegeneration in nontransgenic mice, Science, 338, 949, 10.1126/science.1227157 · DOI · Paper page
  98. Masuda-Suzukake, 2013, Prion-like spreading of pathological α-synuclein in brain, Brain, 136, 1128, 10.1093/brain/awt037 · DOI · Paper page
  99. Sacino, 2013, Induction of CNS alpha-synuclein pathology by fibrillar and non-amyloidogenic recombinant alpha-synuclein, Acta Neuropathol Commun, 1, 38, 10.1186/2051-5960-1-38 · DOI
  100. Recasens, 2014, Lewy body extracts from Parkinson disease brains trigger α-synuclein pathology and neurodegeneration in mice and monkeys, Ann Neurol, 75, 351, 10.1002/ana.24066 · DOI
  101. Surmeier, 2012, Calcium, bioenergetics, and neuronal vulnerability in Parkinson's disease, J Biol Chem, 288, 10736, 10.1074/jbc.R112.410530 · DOI
  102. Chen, 2012, Urate in Parkinson's disease: more than a biomarker?, Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep, 12, 367, 10.1007/s11910-012-0282-7 · DOI
  103. Greenamyre, 2004, Biomedicine. Parkinson's—divergent causes, convergent mechanisms, Science, 304, 1120, 10.1126/science.1098966 · DOI
  104. Sian-Hülsmann, 2011, The relevance of iron in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, J Neurochem, 118, 939, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07132.x · DOI
  105. Hughes, 2001, Improved accuracy of clinical diagnosis of Lewy body Parkinson's disease, Neurology, 57, 1497, 10.1212/WNL.57.8.1497 · DOI
  106. Berg, 2013, Changing the research criteria for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease: obstacles and opportunities, Lancet Neurol, 12, 514, 10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70047-4 · DOI
  107. Berg, 2014, Time to redefine PD? Introductory statement of the MDS Task Force on the definition of Parkinson's disease, Mov Disord, 29, 454, 10.1002/mds.25844 · DOI
  108. 2000, Pramipexole vs levodopa as initial treatment for Parkinson disease: a randomized controlled trial. Parkinson Study Group, JAMA, 284, 1931, 10.1001/jama.284.15.1931 · DOI
  109. Fahn, 2004, Levodopa and the progression of Parkinson's disease, N Engl J Med, 351, 2498, 10.1056/NEJMoa033447 · DOI
  110. 2007, Mixed lineage kinase inhibitor CEP-1347 fails to delay disability in early Parkinson disease, Neurology, 69, 1480, 10.1212/01.wnl.0000277648.63931.c0 · DOI
  111. Whone, 2003, Slower progression of Parkinson's disease with ropinirole versus levodopa: The REAL-PET study, Ann Neurol, 54, 93, 10.1002/ana.10609 · DOI
  112. Brooks, 2011, Imaging biomarkers in Parkinson's disease, Prog Neurobiol, 95, 614, 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.08.009 · DOI
  113. Marek, 2014, Longitudinal follow-up of SWEDD subjects in the PRECEPT Study, Neurology, 82, 1791, 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000424 · DOI
  114. Kraemmer, 2014, Correlation of striatal dopamine transporter imaging with post mortem substantia nigra cell counts, Mov Disord, 29, 1767, 10.1002/mds.25975 · DOI
  115. Salsone, 2012, Cardiac denervation precedes nigrostriatal damage in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, Mov Disord, 27, 1068, 10.1002/mds.25002 · DOI
  116. Iranzo, 2014, Neuropathology of prodromal Lewy body disease, Mov Disord, 29, 410, 10.1002/mds.25825 · DOI
  117. Lehéricy, 2012, Magnetic resonance imaging of the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease, Mov Disord, 27, 822, 10.1002/mds.25015 · DOI
  118. Cochrane, 2013, Diffusion tensor imaging in parkinsonian syndromes: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Neurology, 80, 857, 10.1212/WNL.0b013e318284070c · DOI
  119. Lehéricy, 2014, 7 tesla magnetic resonance imaging: a closer look at substantia nigra anatomy in Parkinson's disease, Mov Disord, 29, 1574, 10.1002/mds.26043 · DOI
  120. Visanji, 2014, Alimentary, my dear Watson? The challenges of enteric α-synuclein as a Parkinson's disease biomarker, Mov Disord, 29, 444, 10.1002/mds.25789 · DOI
  121. Böttner, 2012, Expression pattern and localization of alpha-synuclein in the human enteric nervous system, Neurobiol Dis, 48, 474, 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.07.018 · DOI
  122. Visanji, 2015, Colonic mucosal α-synuclein lacks specificity as a biomarker for Parkinson disease, Neurology, 84, 609, 10.1212/WNL.0000000000001240 · DOI
  123. Donadio, 2014, Skin nerve α-synuclein deposits: a biomarker for idiopathic Parkinson disease, Neurology, 82, 1362, 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000316 · DOI
  124. Hong, 2010, DJ-1 and α-synuclein in human cerebrospinal fluid as biomarkers of Parkinson's disease, Brain, 133, 713, 10.1093/brain/awq008 · DOI · Paper page
  125. Parnetti, 2013, Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Parkinson disease, Nat Rev Neurol, 9, 131, 10.1038/nrneurol.2013.10 · DOI · Paper page
  126. Eller, 2009, Biological fluid biomarkers in neurodegenerative parkinsonism, Nat Rev Neurol, 5, 561, 10.1038/nrneurol.2009.135 · DOI
  127. Stewart, 2014, Cheek cell–derived α-synuclein and DJ-1 do not differentiate Parkinson's disease from control, Neurobiol Aging, 35, 418, 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.08.008 · DOI
  128. Bogdanov, 2008, Metabolomic profiling to develop blood biomarkers for Parkinson's disease, Brain, 131, 389, 10.1093/brain/awm304 · DOI
  129. Shi, 2011, Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Parkinson disease diagnosis and progression, Ann Neurol, 69, 570, 10.1002/ana.22311 · DOI
  130. Aldakheel, 2014, Pathogenesis-targeted, disease-modifying therapies in Parkinson disease, Neurother, 11, 6, 10.1007/s13311-013-0218-1 · DOI
  131. Tran, 2014, α-Synuclein immunotherapy blocks uptake and templated propagation of misfolded α-synuclein and neurodegeneration, Cell Rep, 7, 2054, 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.05.033 · DOI
  132. Coune, 2012, Parkinson's disease: gene therapies, Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med, 2, a009431, 10.1101/cshperspect.a009431 · DOI
  133. Kordower, 2013, Trophic factor gene therapy for Parkinson's disease, Mov Disord, 28, 96, 10.1002/mds.25344 · DOI
  134. Bjorklund, 2013, Cell therapy for Parkinson's disease: what next?, Mov Disord, 28, 110, 10.1002/mds.25343 · DOI
  135. Lindvall, 2013, Developing dopaminergic cell therapy for Parkinson's disease—give up or move forward?, Mov Disord, 28, 268, 10.1002/mds.25378 · DOI
  136. Charles, 2014, Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in early stage Parkinson's disease, Parkinsonism Relat Disord, 20, 731, 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.03.019 · DOI
  137. Fox, 2011, The Movement Disorder Society evidence-based medicine review update: treatments for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, Mov Disord, 26, S2, 10.1002/mds.23829 · DOI
  138. Connolly, 2014, Pharmacological treatment of Parkinson's disease: a review, JAMA, 311, 1670, 10.1001/jama.2014.3654 · DOI
  139. 2014, Long-term effectiveness of dopamine agonists and monoamine oxidase B inhibitors compared with levodopa as initial treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD MED): a large, open-label, pragmatic randomised trial, Lancet, 384, 1196, 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60683-8 · DOI
  140. Lang, 2014, Initiating dopaminergic treatment in Parkinson's disease, Lancet, 384, 1164, 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60962-4 · DOI
  141. Kalia, 2013, Novel nondopaminergic targets for motor features of Parkinson's disease: review of recent trials, Mov Disord, 28, 131, 10.1002/mds.25273 · DOI
  142. Honigfeld, 1998, Reducing clozapine-related morbidity and mortality: 5 years of experience with the Clozaril National Registry, J Clin Psychiatry, 59, 3
  143. Burn, 2006, Effects of rivastigmine in patients with and without visual hallucinations in dementia associated with Parkinson's disease, Mov Disord, 21, 1899, 10.1002/mds.21077 · DOI
  144. Cummings, 2014, Pimavanserin for patients with Parkinson's disease psychosis: a randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial, Lancet, 383, 533, 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62106-6 · DOI
  145. Seppi, 2011, The Movement Disorder Society evidence-based medicine review update: treatments for the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, Mov Disord, 26, S42, 10.1002/mds.23884 · DOI · Paper page
  146. Richard, 2012, A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of antidepressants in Parkinson disease, Neurology, 78, 1229, 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182516244 · DOI
  147. Barone, 2010, Pramipexole for the treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Lancet Neurol, 9, 573, 10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70106-X · DOI · Paper page
  148. Yarnall, 2011, The interplay of cholinergic function, attention, and falls in Parkinson's disease, Mov Disord, 26, 2496, 10.1002/mds.23932 · DOI
  149. Emre, 2004, Rivastigmine for dementia associated with Parkinson's disease, N Engl J Med, 351, 2509, 10.1056/NEJMoa041470 · DOI
  150. Chung, 2010, Effects of a central cholinesterase inhibitor on reducing falls in Parkinson disease, Neurology, 75, 1263, 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181f6128c · DOI
  151. Henderson, 2013, The respond trial—rivastigmine to stabilise gait in Parkinson's disease a phase II, randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial to evaluate the effect of rivastigmine on gait in patients with Parkinson's disease who have fallen, BMC Neurol, 13, 188, 10.1186/1471-2377-13-188 · DOI
  152. Kalia, 2013, Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders, Curr Opin Neurol, 26, 374, 10.1097/WCO.0b013e3283632d08 · DOI
  153. Fasano, 2012, Treatment of motor and non-motor features of Parkinson's disease with deep brain stimulation, Lancet Neurol, 11, 429, 10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70049-2 · DOI
  154. Schuepbach, 2013, Neurostimulation for Parkinson's disease with early motor complications, N Engl J Med, 368, 610, 10.1056/NEJMoa1205158 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Kalia, L. V., & Lang, A. E.
Venue
The Lancet
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2015-08
Volume
386
Issue
9996
Pages
896-912
ISSN
0140-6736
DOI
10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61393-3
Cited by
6,184
References
18
Language
en
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review