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Hydrogen sulfide: An endogenous regulator of the immune system

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Dilek, Nahzli, Papapetropoulos, Andreas, Toliver-Kinsky, Tracy, Szabo, Csaba·2020·Pharmacological Research
DOI 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105119
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Abstract

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is now recognized as an endogenous signaling gasotransmitter in mammals. It is produced by mammalian cells and tissues by various enzymes - predominantly cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) - but part of the H2S is produced by the intestinal microbiota (colonic H2S-producing bacteria). Here we summarize the available information on the production and functional role of H2S in the various cell types typically associated with innate immunity (neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils) and adaptive immunity (T and B lymphocytes) under normal conditions and as it relates to the development of various inflammatory and immune diseases. Special attention is paid to the physiological and the pathophysiological aspects of the oral cavity and the colon, where the immune cells and the parenchymal cells are exposed to a special “H2S environment” due to bacterial H2S production. H2S has many cellular and molecular targets. Immune cells are “surrounded” by a “cloud” of H2S, as a result of endogenous H2S production and exogenous production from the surrounding parenchymal cells, which, in turn, importantly regulates their viability and function. Downregulation of endogenous H2S producing enzymes in various diseases, or genetic defects in H2S biosynthetic enzyme systems either lead to the development of spontaneous autoimmune disease or accelerate the onset and worsen the severity of various immune-mediated diseases (e.g. autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis or asthma). Low, regulated amounts of H2S, when therapeutically delivered by small molecule donors, improve the function of various immune cells, and protect them against dysfunction induced by various noxious stimuli (e.g. reactive oxygen species or oxidized LDL). These effects of H2S contribute to the maintenance of immune functions, can stimulate antimicrobial defenses and can exert anti-inflammatory therapeutic effects in various diseases.

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Metadata

Authors
Dilek, N., Papapetropoulos, A., Toliver-Kinsky, T., & Szabo, C.
Venue
Pharmacological Research
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2020-11
Volume
161
Pages
105119
ISSN
1043-6618 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105119
OpenAlex
W3048016000
Cited by
292
References
465
FWCI
10.45
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid
Licence
Funders
Swiss National Research Foundation

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Dilek, N., Papapetropoulos, A., Toliver-Kinsky, T., & Szabo, C. (2020). Hydrogen sulfide: An endogenous regulator of the immune system. Pharmacological Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105119

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.