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The big problems in star formation: The star formation rate, stellar clustering, and the initial mass function
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Abstract Star formation lies at the center of a web of processes that drive cosmic evolution: generation of radiant energy, synthesis of elements, formation of planets, and development of life. Decades of observations have yielded a variety of empirical rules about how it operates, but at present we have no comprehensive, quantitative theory. In this review I discuss the current state of the field of star formation, focusing on three central questions: What controls the rate at which gas in a galaxy converts to stars? What determines how those stars are clustered, and what fraction of the stellar population ends up in gravitationally-bound structures? What determines the stellar initial mass function, and does it vary with star-forming environment? I use these three questions as a lens to introduce the basics of star formation, beginning with a review of the observational phenomenology and the basic physical processes. I then review the status of current theories that attempt to solve each of the three problems, pointing out links between them and opportunities for theoretical and numerical work that crosses the scale between them. I conclude with a discussion of prospects for theoretical progress in the coming years.
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Myers, P. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/743/1/98 · Cited by 32
Quantifying the universality of the stellar initial mass function in old star clusters
Leigh, N. W. C., Umbreit, S., Sills, A., Knigge, C., Marchi, G. D., Glebbeek, E., & Sarajedini, A. (2012) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20735.x · Cited by 32
A variation of the fraction of stars that form in bound clusters within M83
Silva-Villa, E., Adamo, A., & Bastian, N. (2013) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters · doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slt115 · Cited by 30
Molecular Hydrogen in Diffuse Interstellar Clouds of Arbitrary Three‐dimensional Geometry
Spaans, M., & Neufeld, D. A. (1997) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/304366 · Cited by 22
TESTING 24 μm AND INFRARED LUMINOSITY AS STAR FORMATION TRACERS FOR GALACTIC STAR-FORMING REGIONS
Vutisalchavakul, N., & Evans, N. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/765/2/129 · Cited by 18
Spectroscopic constraints on the form of the stellar cluster mass function
Bastian, N., Konstantopoulos, I. S., Trancho, G., Weisz, D. R., Larsen, S. S., Fouesneau, M., Kaschinski, C. B., & Gieles, M. (2012) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219079 · Cited by 17
Cited by
Dusty star-forming galaxies at high redshift
Casey, C. M., Narayanan, D., & Cooray, A. (2014) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2014.02.009 · Cited by 800
The Evolution of Compact Binary Star Systems
Postnov, K. A., & Yungelson, L. R. (2014) · Living Reviews in Relativity · doi:10.12942/lrr-2014-3 · Cited by 486
A unified multiwavelength model of galaxy formation
Lacey, C. G., Baugh, C. M., Frenk, C. S., Benson, A. J., Bower, R. G., Cole, S., Gonzalez-Perez, V., Helly, J. C., Lagos, C. D. P., & Mitchell, P. D. (2016) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stw1888 · Cited by 422
A unified model for galactic discs: star formation, turbulence driving, and mass transport
Krumholz, M. R., Burkhart, B., Forbes, J. C., & Crocker, R. M. (2018) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty852 · Cited by 319
Self-citationA dynamical model for the formation of gas rings and episodic starbursts near galactic centres
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Krumholz, M. R.
- Venue
- Physics Reports
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-06
- Volume
- 539
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 49-134
- ISSN
- 0370-1573 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2046456894
- Cited by
- 321
- References
- 514
- FWCI
- 12.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.