Prevalence and trends of chronic kidney disease and its risk factors among US adults: An analysis of NHANES 2003-18
Open accessAbstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading cause of mortalities, morbidities, and health-care costs in the United States; however, limited number of recent studies estimated the burden of CKD and its risk factors together. This cross-sectional study estimated the age-adjusted prevalence and trends of CKD and its risk factors, and the prevalence and trends of CKD according to presence of risk factors. We analyzed National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–18 data. Individuals aged ≥20 years with albumin-creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g or glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 were considered to have CKD. Following variables were considered as risk factors: hypertension, diabetes, high total cholesterol, high triglyceride, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL), obesity, abdominal obesity, insufficient aerobic physical activity (PA), and current tobacco smoking. Trends were compared by chi-square tests. The age-adjusted prevalence (95% confidence interval) for CKD was 14.1% (13.1%–15.0%), 13.0% (12.3%–13.8%), 14.0% (13.0%–15.1%), and 13.3% (12.3%–14.4%) in 2003–06, 2007–10, 2011–14, and 2015–18, respectively (p[trend] = 0.24, N = 39569). This prevalence change was also minimal for most CKD stages. Non-Hispanic blacks and low-income people had a higher prevalence than all other races/ethnicities and income groups in most periods. Among risk factors, the prevalence of diabetes, high triglyceride, high total cholesterol, low HDL, obesity, abdominal obesity, and metabolic syndrome increased (p[trend] <0.05). The prevalence of hypertension remained static. The prevalence of current tobacco smoking and insufficient aerobic PA declined. The age-adjusted prevalence of CKD has plateaued; however, the prevalence of some risk factors is increasing. Reducing the burden of these risk factors is also essential to reduce the prevalence of CKD.
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Several racial and ethnic minority groups are disproportionally affected by cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease compared to their White counterparts.
“Several racial and ethnic minority groups are disproportionally affected by cardiovascular disease28 and chronic kidney disease29 compared to their White counterparts.”
From Race and ethnicity and pharmacy dispensing of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes (2024) · cites this paper as [29]
The Results and Discussion (page unavailable) report higher CKD prevalence among non-Hispanic Black adults than among other racial and ethnic groups, including non-Hispanic White adults. They do not establish that several minority groups have higher CKD prevalence than White adults. The cardiovascular-disease portion is attached to a different citation and is not assessed here. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Rodriguez, L. A., Finertie, H., Neugebauer, R. S., Gosiker, B., Thomas, T. W., Karter, A. J., Gilliam, L. K., Oshiro, C., An, J., Simonson, G., et al. (2024) · The Lancet Regional Health - Americas · doi:10.1016/j.lana.2024.100759 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Several racial and ethnic minority groups are disproportionally affected by cardiovascular disease 28 and chronic kidney disease 29 compared to their White counterparts. cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease are projected to rise and disproportionately impact racial and ethnic minority…”
Background
- Authors
- Kibria, G. M. A., & Crispen, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kibria, Gulam Muhammed Al
- Venue
- Preventive Medicine Reports
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-12
- Volume
- 20
- Pages
- 101193
- ISSN
- 2211-3355 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7578737
- OpenAlex
- W3082267408
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8
- FWCI
- 5.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Preventive Medicine Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Dialysis and Renal Disease Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- chronic kidney disease, prevalence trends, risk factors, albumin-creatinine ratio, glomerular filtration rate, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, abdominal obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, metabolic syndrome, racial and ethnic disparities, low-income populations, NHANES
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